Patent US5350255A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5350255A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Geosynthetic clay liner with modified edges for improved sealing
Assignee: Amcol International Corp
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Filing: 1993-01-19
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Granted: 1994-09-27
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Expires: 2013-01-19
Abstract
Abstract A clay liner is provided for use in constructing low permeability barriers in the bottom of landfills and man-made bodies of water. The liner is provided in the form of a layer of bentonite preferably disposed between a primary carrier sheet and a cover sheet. At least one outer edge of either the cover sheet or the primary carrier sheet is made with the fabric that is allows substantial bentonite migration while the remaining areas of the cover sheet or primary carrier sheet are fabricated from a fabric that does not permit substantial bentonite migration. When two liners are disposed adjacent to each other in the bottom of the landfill or pond, the two liners are overlapped so that the more open portion of one liner engages the adjacent liner. Upon activation, the bentonite migrates through the more open fabric to create a seal between the two adjacent liners. The result is a self-sealing geosynthetic clay liner system.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard Carriker
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 08:47
CPC Classifications
B; B09; B09B; B09B1/00; E; E02; E02D; E02D31/00; E02D31/002; E02D31/004
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
131 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, each longitudinal section allowing substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
131 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, each longitudinal section allowing substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
188 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a cover sheet made of fabric having a first warp count, a primary carrier sheet made of fabric having a second warp count, at least one clay layer disposed between the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of the cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a third warp count, the third warp count having less yarns per inch than the first and second warp counts whereby the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, will at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
188 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a cover sheet made of fabric having a first warp count, a primary carrier sheet made of fabric having a second warp count, at least one clay layer disposed between the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of the cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a third warp count, the third warp count having less yarns per inch than the first and second warp counts whereby the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, will at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
188 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a cover sheet made of fabric having a first warp count, a primary carrier sheet made of fabric having a second warp count, at least one clay layer disposed between the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of the primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a third warp count, the third warp count having less yarns per inch than the first and second warp counts whereby the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, will at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
188 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a cover sheet made of fabric having a first warp count, a primary carrier sheet made of fabric having a second warp count, at least one clay layer disposed between the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of the primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a third warp count, the third warp count having less yarns per inch than the first and second warp counts whereby the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, will at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
170 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic lay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the primary carrier sheet, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay of the longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
170 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic lay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the primary carrier sheet, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay of the longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
169 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the cover sheet, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic lay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic lay liner.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
169 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the cover sheet, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic lay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic lay liner.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
176 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and a t least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the primary carrier sheet, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
176 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and a t least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the primary carrier sheet, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
173 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the cover sheet, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
173 words
A geosynthetic clay liner for use in forming a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to fluids, the geosynthetic clay liner comprising: a clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, the cover sheet, the clay layer and the primary carrier sheet forming the geosynthetic clay liner, the geosynthetic clay liner including outer edges, at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge of the cover sheet, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby the activated clay of a longitudinal section migrating through the longitudinal section to create a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
168 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least on cover sheet, each primary carrier sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
168 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least on cover sheet, each primary carrier sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
154 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each primary carrier sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
154 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each primary carrier sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
167 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
167 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section engaging at least a portion of the clay layer of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
153 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
153 words
A lining system for containing liquid, the system comprising: a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including at least one clay layer, each clay layer disposed between at least one primary carrier sheet and at least one cover sheet, each cover sheet including at least one longitudinal section disposed at an outer edge thereof, each longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner engaging at least a portion of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section permitting substantial migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section, whereby activated clay migrating through each longitudinal section creating a seal between two adjacent geosynthetic clay liners by creating an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of one geosynthetic clay liner and the primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
250 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count of the longitudinal section of the cover sheet allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed above the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each cover sheet with at least a portion of a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit upward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the portion of the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
250 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the cover sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count of the longitudinal section of the cover sheet allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed above the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each cover sheet with at least a portion of a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit upward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the portion of the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
246 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed above the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each cover sheet with at least a portion of a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit upward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the portion of the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
246 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a cover sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the cover sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate upward through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed above the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each cover sheet with at least a portion of a primary carrier sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit upward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the cover sheet to engage the portion of the primary carrier sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
253 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count of the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed below the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each primary carrier sheet with at least a portion of a cover sheet of an ajdacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit downward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the portion of the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
253 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the primary carrier sheet including a first warp count, the longitudinal section including a second warp count, the second warp count of the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed below the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each primary carrier sheet with at least a portion of a cover sheet of an ajdacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit downward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the portion of the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed below the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each primary carrier sheet with at least a portion of a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit downward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the portion of the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for creating a continuous clay layer that is substantially impervious to migrating liquids, the method comprising: covering an area with a plurality of geosynthetic clay liners, each geosynthetic clay liner including a cover sheet, a primary carrier sheet and at least one clay layer disposed therebetween, the clay layer, the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet having outer edges in matching registry, at least one outer edge of a primary carrier sheet including an longitudinal section for overlapping a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, the longitudinal section having a more open structure than a remaining portion of the primary carrier sheet, the more open structure of the longitudinal section allowing the clay layer, after activation by an activating fluid, to at least partially migrate downward through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner disposed below the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to provide an activated clay seal between the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, engaging each longitudinal section of each primary carrier sheet with at least a portion of a cover sheet of an adjacent geosynthetic clay liner, activating the clay layers with an activating liquid to permit downward migration of activated clay through the longitudinal section of the primary carrier sheet to engage the portion of the cover sheet of the adjacent geosynthetic clay liner.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-09-26 | 1998-03-28 | 1998-09-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-09-26 | 2002-03-28 | 2002-09-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-09-26 | 2006-03-28 | 2006-09-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |