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US5346422A
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Toy articles of manufacture comprising spontaneously wettable fibers
Assignee: Clemson University Research Foundation
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Filing: 1992-12-08
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Granted: 1994-09-13
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Expires: 2012-12-08
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to an article of manufacture consisting of a toy having a plurality of synthetic fibers capable of spontaneously transporting water on the surface thereof, said fibers satisfying the following equation (1-X cos theta a)<0, wherein theta a is the advancing contact angle of water measured on a flat film made from the same material as the fiber and having the same surface treatment, if any, X is a shape factor of the fiber cross-section that satisfies the following equation the fiber and r is the radius of the circumscribed circle circumscribing the fiber cross-section and D is the minor axis dimension across the fiber cross-section.
Inventors
- 👤 Shriram Bagrodia
- 👤 Bobby M. Phillips
- 👤 E. Phillip Smith
- 👤 Kenny R. Parker
- 👤 Paul A. Rundquist
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 08:09
CPC Classifications
A; A63; A63H; A63H3/00; A63H3/36; A63H3/44; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/913; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2913; Y10T428/2922; Y10T428/2925; Y10T428/2933; Y10T428/2973
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
112 words
An article of manufacture consisting of a toy having a plurality of synthetic fibers capable of spontaneously transporting water on the surface thereof, said fibers satisfying the following equation (1-X cos θ.sub.a)<0, wherein θ a is the advancing contact angle of water measured on a flat film made from the same material as the fiber and having the same surface treatment, if any, X is a shape factor of the fiber cross-section that satisfies the following equation ##EQU9## wherein P w is the wetted perimeter of the fiber and r is the radius of the circumscribed circle circumscribing the fiber cross-section and D is the minor axis dimension across the fiber cross-section.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
112 words
An article of manufacture consisting of a toy having a plurality of synthetic fibers capable of spontaneously transporting water on the surface thereof, said fibers satisfying the following equation (1-X cos θ.sub.a)<0, wherein θ a is the advancing contact angle of water measured on a flat film made from the same material as the fiber and having the same surface treatment, if any, X is a shape factor of the fiber cross-section that satisfies the following equation ##EQU9## wherein P w is the wetted perimeter of the fiber and r is the radius of the circumscribed circle circumscribing the fiber cross-section and D is the minor axis dimension across the fiber cross-section.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
The article of claim 1 which satisfies the equation ##EQU10## wherein γ A is the surface tension of water in air in dynes/cm, ρ is the fiber density in grams/cc, and dpf is the denier of the single fiber.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said plurality of fibers define only a portion of said article, at least a portion of said plurality of fibers defining a visible portion thereof arranged in a predetermined physical configuration.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
41 words
The article of claim 1 further comprising at least one groove wherein the width of each groove in said fiber cross-section at any depth in the groove is equal to or less than the width of the groove at its mouth.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 1 wherein ##EQU11## for said fiber cross-section is greater than 1.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The article of claim 1 wherein ##EQU12## for said fiber cross-section is between 1.5 and 5.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The article of claim 1 wherein X for said fiber cross-section is greater than about 1.2.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 1 wherein X for said fiber cross-section is from about 1.2 to about 5.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 1 wherein X for said fiber cross-section is from about 1.5 to about 3.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The article of claim 1 wherein X for said fiber cross-section is greater than about 3.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has a single fiber denier of between 3 and 1,000.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has a single fiber denier of between 10 and 70.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has an effective adhesion tension for water of greater than about 38 dynes/cm.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has an effective adhesion tension for water of greater than about 45 dynes/cm.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has coated thereon a layer of a hydrophilic lubricant.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
83 words
The article of claim 15 wherein said hydrophilic lubricant is selected from the group consisting of (1) 49% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (13.64) monolaurate, 49% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (9.09) monolaurate, and 2% 4-cetyl-4 ethylmorpholinium ethosulfate (antistat); (2) a modified polyester surfactant; (3) a soil release agent consisting of polyester, water and other ingredients; (4) polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether; (5) polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether; (6) polyoxyethylene glyceride ester, a nonionic surfactant; and (7) a polyoxylene-polyoxypropylene sorbitan linoleic phthalic ester.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
49 words
The article of claim 15 wherein said fiber comprises poly(ethylene terephthalate) and said hydrophilic lubricant is a potassium lauryl phosphate based lubricant comprising about 70 weight percent poly-(ethylene glycol) 600 monolaurate which is uniformly applied at a level of at least about 0.05% by weight of the total fiber.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The article of claim 15 wherein said hydrophilic lubricant is a potassium lauryl phosphate based lubricant comprising about 70 weight percent poly-(ethylene glycol) 600 monolaurate which is uniformly applied at a level of at least about 0.5% by weight of the total fiber.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber has been plasma treated.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
11 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said fiber is helically crimped.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
43 words
The article of claim 20 wherein said helical crimping of fiber occurs through a process for helically crimping said fiber having both a major and a minor axis of symmetry, wherein quenching by air occurs perpendicular to the major axis of the fiber.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
112 words
The article of claim 21 wherein said process of crimping fiber comprises the following steps: (A) extruding a PET fiber forming polymer; (B) passing the polymer through spinneret hole shapes; (C) orienting said spinneret hole shapes to the cross-flow quench air so that quenching occurs perpendicular to the major axis of the fiber; (D) controlling the quench air; (E) applying hydrophilic lubricants; (F) taking up the fibers at conventional speeds; (G) drafting the fibers using conventional drafting (single steam stage in steam or two stage in water and steam); (H) adding an additional amount of hydrophilic lubricant; and (I) relaxing the drawn fibers in a heated chamber to develop the helical crimp.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article of manufacture according to claim 1 further comprising surface colorants wherein said surface colorants comprise edible household products in water solutions.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein said article of manufacture is a doll and further wherein said fibers comprise a doll's hair.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
An article of manufacture according to claim 24 wherein said doll's hair is arranged in the form of a wig for demountable application to a doll's head.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article of manufacture according to claim 24 wherein said doll's hair is permanently secured to a doll's head.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
56 words
A process of surface coloration at a plurality of fibers which are attached to said article of manufacture of claim 1 wherein said process comprises the steps of surface coloration of said fibers with an aqueous surface colorant or surface colorants, rinsing said surface colorant with an aqueous fluid, and subsequent surface recoloration of said fibers.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 27 wherein said aqueous surface colorant is food coloring.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 27 wherein said aqueous fluid is water.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 29 wherein said water is tap water or water wherein its temperature is room temperature.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-09-12 | 1998-03-14 | 1998-09-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-09-12 | 2002-03-14 | 2002-09-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-09-12 | 2006-03-14 | 2006-09-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |