Patent US5322218A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5322218A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for making snow
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1991-08-22
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Granted: 1994-06-21
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Expires: 2011-08-22
Abstract
Abstract A snow making apparatus comprising a housing defining a bore (14) which is open at least at one end and having first and second annular chambers (38, 32) which extend circumferentially of the bore. The first and second chambers (38, 32) are respectively connectable to a source of pressurized water and of pressurized air. A circumferential array of outlets (42) from the first chamber (38) is operable with pressurized water supplied by chamber (38) to direct water jets along and towards the axis of the bore. A circumferential array of passages (36) provides communication between the second chamber (32) and the bore (14), each passage (36) opening towards or beyond the one end of the bore (14). The passages (36) discharge pressurized air supplied to the second chamber (32) as a plurality of air jets directed towards or beyond the one end of the bore (14), to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the one end of the bore (14). In use, the water jets impinge on the air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the one end of the bore (14).
Inventors
- 👤 John S. Melbourne
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 21:37
CPC Classifications
F; F04; F04F; F04F5/00; F04F5/44; F04F5/46; F04F5/466; F25; F25C; F25C3/00; F25C3/04; F25C2303/00; F25C2303/048; F25C2303/0481
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
324 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages as a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the second end of the bore; wherein the passages are inclined towards the bore axis and wherein the passages have their outlet ends spaced axially from the second end of the bore, with the angle of inclination of the passages towards the bore axis such that lines of continuation of the passages converge towards a location on the bore axis beyond said second end.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
324 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages as a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the second end of the bore; wherein the passages are inclined towards the bore axis and wherein the passages have their outlet ends spaced axially from the second end of the bore, with the angle of inclination of the passages towards the bore axis such that lines of continuation of the passages converge towards a location on the bore axis beyond said second end.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inclination towards the bore axis is at an angle of from 5° to 20°.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inclination towards the bore axis is at an angle of from 7° to 17°.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the passages are also inclined transversely of the bore axis.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the inclination transversely of the bore axis is from 2° to 10°.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the inclination transversely of the bore axis is from 3° to 8°.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first chamber is defined by the housing means intermediate the second chamber and the second end of the bore.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the housing means defines a frusto-conical surface which is intermediate the first chamber and the second end of the bore and which is positioned so as to deflect the water jets as radially thin streams directed to impinge on the air flow generated by the air jets.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first chamber is defined by an annular manifold of the housing means, said manifold being located around the second end of the bore and having said outlet means spaced therearound, each said outlet means being operable to direct a respective water jet as a radially thin stream.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
50 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said bore is open at each of said first and second ends thereof, such that ambient air is able to be inducted into said bore at said first end for discharge from said second end with the air flow generated by said air jets.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said housing means has a flared intake portion which defines the first end of said bore remote from said second end, a portion of the bore extending through said intake portion decreasing in radius towards said second end.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said flared intake portion decreases in radius with a radius of curvature which exceeds the radius of the bore at the second chamber by a factor of up to 1.6.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said bore is closed at the first end thereof, such that the flow of air which passes beyond said second end is generated solely by said air jets.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said passages is of substantially constant cross-section throughout its length.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
42 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said passages is rounded at its inlet end to facilitate the flow of air therethrough from the second chamber, and tapers frusto-conically outwardly at its outlet end so as to function as a Venturi.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
80 words
A method of making snow, using apparatus according to claim 1, wherein pressurized sources of water and air are connected respectively to the first and second connecting means, to supply water and air respectively to said first and second chambers, and wherein water jets are caused to issue from said outlet means and to impinge on a flow of air, discharged from the second end of the bore by air jets issuing from said passages, to thereby generate snow particles.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
316 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages as a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air jets generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the one end of the bore, wherein said first chamber is defined by the housing means intermediate the second chamber and the second end of the bore, and the first and second chambers are separated such that the jets of water are substantially free of air and the air jets are substantially free of water.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
316 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages as a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air jets generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the one end of the bore, wherein said first chamber is defined by the housing means intermediate the second chamber and the second end of the bore, and the first and second chambers are separated such that the jets of water are substantially free of air and the air jets are substantially free of water.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the passages are inclined towards the bore axis at an inclination angle of from 5° to 20°, and wherein the passages are also inclined transversely of the bore axis at a transverse inclination angle of from 2° to 10°.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the passages have their outlet ends spaced axially from the second end of the bore, with an angle of inclination of the passages towards the bore axis such that lines of continuation of the passages converge towards a location on the bore axis beyond said second end.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the housing means defines a frusto-conical surface which is intermediate the first chamber and the second end of the bore and which is positioned so as to deflect the water jets as radially thin streams directed to impinge on the air flow generated by the air jets.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
54 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said first chamber is defined by an annular manifold of the housing means, said manifold being located around the second end of the bore and having said outlet means spaced therearound, each said outlet means being operable to direct a respective water jet as a radially thin stream.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
50 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said bore is open at each of said first and second ends thereof, such that ambient air is able to be inducted into said bore at said first end for discharge from said second end with the air flow generated by said air jets.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
68 words
Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said housing means has a flared intake portion which defines the first end, a portion of the bore extending through said intake portion decreasing in radius towards said second end, and wherein said flared intake portion decreases in radius with a radius of curvature which exceeds the radius of the bore at the second chamber by a factor of up to 1.6.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
34 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said bore is closed at the first end thereof, such that the flow of air which passes beyond said second end is generated solely by said air jets.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
42 words
Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each of said passage is rounded at its inlet end to facilitate the flow of air therethrough from the second chamber, and tapers frusto-conically outwardly at its outlet end so as to function as a Venturi.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
294 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the second end of the bore; wherein said bore is closed at the first end thereof such that the flow of air which passes beyond said second end is generated solely by said air jets.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
294 words
Snow making apparatus, including a housing means which defines a bore having first and second ends, the bore being open at said second end to define an outlet; the housing means further defining first and second chambers which extend around the axis of the bore, and first and second connecting means for connecting the first and second chamber respectively to a source of pressurized water and a source of pressurized air; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of outlet means from the first chamber which are operable such that, with pressurized water supplied to the first chamber, a respective one of a plurality of jets of water is directed from each outlet means along and towards the axis of the bore; the housing means further defining a circumferential array of passages by which the second chamber is in communication with the bore, each passage having an inlet end communicating with the second chamber and an outlet end opening towards the second end of the bore; the arrangement of the passages being such that pressurized air supplied to the second chamber via the second connecting means is able to be discharged via the passages a plurality of air jets which are directed towards and beyond the second end of the bore, to generate a flow of air which passes beyond the second end of the bore such that, in use of the apparatus, the jets of water impinge on the flow of air generated by said air jets to thereby generate snow particles which are carried axially beyond the second end of the bore; wherein said bore is closed at the first end thereof such that the flow of air which passes beyond said second end is generated solely by said air jets.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the passages are inclined towards the bore axis at an inclination angle of from 5° to 20°, and wherein the passages are also inclined transversely of the bore axis at a transverse inclination angle of from 2° to 10°.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the passages have their outlet ends spaced axially from the second end of the bore, with the angle of inclination of the passages towards the bore axis such that lines of continuation of the passages converge towards a location on the bore axis beyond said second end.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said first chamber is defined by the housing means intermediate the second chamber and the second end of the bore.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the housing means defines a frusto-conical surface which is intermediate the first chamber and the second end of the bore and which is positioned so as to deflect the water jets as radially thin streams directed to impinge on the air flow generated by the air jets.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
54 words
Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said first chamber is defined by an annular manifold of the housing means, said manifold being located around the second end of the bore and having said outlet means spaced therearound, each said outlet means being operable to direct a respective water jet as a radially thin stream.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
42 words
Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein each of said passages is rounded at its inlet end to facilitate the flow of air therethrough from the second chamber, and tapers frusto-conically outwardly at its outlet end so as to function as a Venturi.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-06-20 | 1997-12-20 | 1998-06-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-06-20 | 2001-12-20 | 2002-06-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-06-20 | 2005-12-20 | 2006-06-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |