Patent US5322035A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5322035A
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US
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Hydrological system for a closed ecological system
Assignee: DECISIONS INVESTMENTS CORP
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Filing: 1991-07-23
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Granted: 1994-06-21
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Expires: 2011-07-23
Abstract
Abstract A method for establishing a hydrological cycle in a closed ecological system is disclosed. The hydrological cycle results in the establishment of a variety of different micro-environments which simulate micro-environments of Earth. The hydrological cycle further results in the establishment of a symbiotic interrelation of organisms in that are established within the different micro-environments, where the wastes generated by organisms of one micro-environment are removed by organisms of a second environment and are used as nutrients. This biological purification of the water maintains the purity and functionality of the water for continual use within the closed ecological system.
Inventors
- 👤 Philip B. Hawes
- 👤 Margret Augustine
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 22:37
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01K; A01K63/00; A01K63/003; A01K63/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
103 words
A hydrological circulation system in a closed ecological system, isolated from the Earth's environment, comprising: means for retaining water within the closed ecological system and preventing water from entering the closed ecological system; a plurality of diverse micro-environments, each of which simulates an environment of Earth, contained within the closed ecological system; means for selectively watering each of the micro-environments for promoting the growth of organisms adapted for growth in the diverse environments; means for collecting the water from each of the micro-environments; means for transferring the collected water to other micro-environments for distributing nutrients; and means for removing pollutants from the water.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
103 words
A hydrological circulation system in a closed ecological system, isolated from the Earth's environment, comprising: means for retaining water within the closed ecological system and preventing water from entering the closed ecological system; a plurality of diverse micro-environments, each of which simulates an environment of Earth, contained within the closed ecological system; means for selectively watering each of the micro-environments for promoting the growth of organisms adapted for growth in the diverse environments; means for collecting the water from each of the micro-environments; means for transferring the collected water to other micro-environments for distributing nutrients; and means for removing pollutants from the water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for transferring water from one micro-environment to another is means of permitting water to flow by gravity to lower elevations and means for pumping water to higher elevations.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for removing pollutants from the water comprises a biological digester.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for removing pollutants from the water comprises a chemical reactor.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the means for removing pollutants from the water comprises an algal scrubber.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
99 words
A hydrological circulation system in a closed ecological system having a predetermined total water supply, comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure; a plurality of micro-environments within the closed ecological system, each micro-environment comprising a plurality of organisms characteristic of a similar micro-environment on Earth outside the closed ecological system; means for circulating water from one micro-environment to another within the closed ecological system; and means of removing water from a micro-environment, extracting nutrients from the removed water with photosynthetic algae, and returning the extracted water to the same micro-environment.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
99 words
A hydrological circulation system in a closed ecological system having a predetermined total water supply, comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure; a plurality of micro-environments within the closed ecological system, each micro-environment comprising a plurality of organisms characteristic of a similar micro-environment on Earth outside the closed ecological system; means for circulating water from one micro-environment to another within the closed ecological system; and means of removing water from a micro-environment, extracting nutrients from the removed water with photosynthetic algae, and returning the extracted water to the same micro-environment.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
40 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 6, wherein the means for circulating water from one micro-environment to another is means for permitting water to flow by gravity to lower elevations and means for pumping water to higher elevations.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 6, wherein the total water supply comprises both fresh water and saltwater.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
117 words
A closed hydrological circulation system comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure and within the enclosure: a saltwater reservoir; a simulated tidal estuary adjacent to the saltwater reservoir; means for introducing fresh water to an upper portion of the simulated tidal estuary; an elongated channel in open communication at one end with the saltwater reservoir between the estuary and the saltwater reservoir; means for transferring saltwater from the saltwater reservoir to a lower portion of the estuary on a periodic basis; and means for permitting flow of water from the estuary to the elongated channel for gradually commingling water from the estuary with water from the saltwater reservoir.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
117 words
A closed hydrological circulation system comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure and within the enclosure: a saltwater reservoir; a simulated tidal estuary adjacent to the saltwater reservoir; means for introducing fresh water to an upper portion of the simulated tidal estuary; an elongated channel in open communication at one end with the saltwater reservoir between the estuary and the saltwater reservoir; means for transferring saltwater from the saltwater reservoir to a lower portion of the estuary on a periodic basis; and means for permitting flow of water from the estuary to the elongated channel for gradually commingling water from the estuary with water from the saltwater reservoir.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 9 further comprising: means for removing water from the elongated channel; means for removing nutrients from the water from the elongated channel; and means for returning the water to the elongated channel.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
83 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 9 further comprising: a fresh water system comprising a plurality of streams and ponds in sequence with water flowing from a higher elevation through such ponds and streams toward a lower elevation; means for recycling a major portion of the water in the fresh water system from lower elevation to higher elevation; and means for passing a minor portion of the water from the fresh water system into the upper portion of the estuary.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 11 further comprising means for seasonally varying the flow of water in the fresh water system.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 11 further comprising means for condensing water evaporated in the closed hydrological circulation system and returning condensed water to the fresh water system.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 11 further comprising means for desalting a portion of the saltwater and recovering fresh water.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
109 words
A closed hydrological circulation system comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure and within the enclosure: a fresh water system comprising a plurality of streams and ponds in sequence with water flowing from a higher elevation through such ponds and streams toward a lower elevation; means for recycling a major portion of the water in the fresh water system from lower elevation to higher elevation; means for removing a minor portion of the water from the fresh water system; and means for condensing water evaporated in the closed hydrological circulation system and returning condensed water to the fresh water system.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
109 words
A closed hydrological circulation system comprising: an enclosure for retaining water within the enclosure and preventing water from entering the enclosure and within the enclosure: a fresh water system comprising a plurality of streams and ponds in sequence with water flowing from a higher elevation through such ponds and streams toward a lower elevation; means for recycling a major portion of the water in the fresh water system from lower elevation to higher elevation; means for removing a minor portion of the water from the fresh water system; and means for condensing water evaporated in the closed hydrological circulation system and returning condensed water to the fresh water system.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 15 further comprising means for seasonally varying the flow of water in the fresh water system.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A closed hydrological circulation system as recited in claim 15 further comprising means for desalting saltwater and recovering fresh water.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-06-20 | 1997-12-20 | 1998-06-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-06-20 | 2001-12-20 | 2002-06-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-06-20 | 2005-12-20 | 2006-06-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |