Patent US5290654A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5290654A
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Microsuspension processes for toner compositions
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1992-07-29
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Granted: 1994-03-01
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Expires: 2012-07-29
Abstract
Abstract A process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises dissolving a polymer, and optionally a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing a surfactant, or mixture of surfactants; stirring the mixture with optional heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with an optional pigment in water and surfactant; followed by aggregating the mixture by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns when said pigment is present.
Inventors
- 👤 Guerino G. Sacripante
- 👤 James M. Duff
- 👤 Grazyna Kmiecik-Lawrynowica
- 👤 Raj D. Patel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 18:06
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08J; C08J3/00; C08J3/20; C08J3/205; C08J3/21; C08J3/215; G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/0802; G03G9/0804
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
100 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of dissolving a polymer, and a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing a surfactant, or mixture of surfactants; stirring the mixture with optional heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with pigment in water and surfactant; followed by aggregating the resulting suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
100 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of dissolving a polymer, and a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing a surfactant, or mixture of surfactants; stirring the mixture with optional heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with pigment in water and surfactant; followed by aggregating the resulting suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is a styrene acrylate, a styrene methacrylate, a styrene butadiene, or a polyester.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the organic solvent is an alkylene halide, an ether or an alkyl acetate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the organic solvent is methylene chloride, diethyl ether or ethyl acetate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 3 weight percent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surfactant is polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, poly(oxyethylene-nonyl phenyl) ether, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, dialkylbenzene alkylammonium chloride, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the dispersion temperature is from about 20° C. to about 80° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the temperature employed for heating to remove the organic solvent is from about 20° C. to about 80° C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 10 wherein the homogenization is for a duration of from about 2 minutes to about 720 minutes.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aggregation temperature is from about 30° C. to about 95° C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the homogenization is from about 500 revolutions per minute to about 4,000 revolutions per minute.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein there is added to the toner product surface additives of metal salts, metal salt of fatty acids, silicas, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amount of the polymer dissolved in the organic solvent is from about 5 to about 95 weight percent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of dissolving a polymer, in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing nonionic surfactant; stirring the mixture with heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with a pigment in water and nonionic surfactant; followed by aggregating the suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of dissolving a polymer, in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing nonionic surfactant; stirring the mixture with heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with a pigment in water and nonionic surfactant; followed by aggregating the suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
53 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof; or cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof; and the surfactant is polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, poly(oxyethylene-nonyl phenyl) ether, methyl cellulose, or ethyl cellulose, sodium dodecylsulfate, chloride, dialkylbenzene alkylammonium chloride, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
91 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises dissolving a polymer and a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing nonionic surfactant; stirring the mixture with heating to remove the organic solvent and obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with a nonionic surfactant; followed by aggregating the suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
91 words
A process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises dissolving a polymer and a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing nonionic surfactant; stirring the mixture with heating to remove the organic solvent and obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with a nonionic surfactant; followed by aggregating the suspension by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
53 words
A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof; or cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof; and the surfactant is polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, poly(oxyethylene-nonyl phenyl), ether, methyl cellulose, or ethyl cellulose, sodium dodecylsulfate, chloride, dialkylbenzene alkylammonium chloride, or mixture thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-08-30 | 1998-03-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-02-28 | 2001-08-30 | 2002-03-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-02-28 | 2005-08-30 | 2006-03-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |