Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
236 words
A process for producing an optical waveguide comprising the steps of: contacting at least one optically smooth surface of a single crystal of K 1-x Rb x TiOMO 4 wherein x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As, with an ion exchange medium including a liquid selected from the group consisting of liquid NJ 4 Cl, liquid NH 4 NO 3 , liquid phthalic acid, liquid GaCl 3 , liquid ZnCl 2 , liquid BiCl 3 and liquid RbCF 3 SOP 3 , which supplies (i) ions selected from the group consisting of H + and NH 4 + and, optionally (ii) ions selected from the group consisting of Rb + , Cs + , Tl + , Ba +2 , Sr +2 , Ca +2 and Pb +2 , at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 600° C. for a time sufficient to increase the surface index of refraction at least about 0.00025 with respect to the index of refraction of the single crystal by replacing K + , Rb + or both K + and Rb + of said single crystal with said ions supplied by the exchange medium including sufficient ions selected from the group consisting of H.sup.° and NH 4 + to increase the infrared light adsorption band for OH, NH 4 + or both OH and NH + ions; and cooling the resulting crystal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
236 words
A process for producing an optical waveguide comprising the steps of: contacting at least one optically smooth surface of a single crystal of K 1-x Rb x TiOMO 4 wherein x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As, with an ion exchange medium including a liquid selected from the group consisting of liquid NJ 4 Cl, liquid NH 4 NO 3 , liquid phthalic acid, liquid GaCl 3 , liquid ZnCl 2 , liquid BiCl 3 and liquid RbCF 3 SOP 3 , which supplies (i) ions selected from the group consisting of H + and NH 4 + and, optionally (ii) ions selected from the group consisting of Rb + , Cs + , Tl + , Ba +2 , Sr +2 , Ca +2 and Pb +2 , at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 600° C. for a time sufficient to increase the surface index of refraction at least about 0.00025 with respect to the index of refraction of the single crystal by replacing K + , Rb + or both K + and Rb + of said single crystal with said ions supplied by the exchange medium including sufficient ions selected from the group consisting of H.sup.° and NH 4 + to increase the infrared light adsorption band for OH, NH 4 + or both OH and NH + ions; and cooling the resulting crystal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the ion exchange medium is a liquid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 2 wherein NH 4 + is introduced into the single crystal substrate, and the ion exchange liquid includes liquid NH 4 Cl or liquid NH 4 NO 3 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the ion exchange liquid is NH 4 Cl/ZnCl 2 which has ammonia bubbled through it.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 2 H + is introduced into the single crystal substrate and the ion exchange liquid includes liquid benzoic acid, liquid phthalic acid, liquid GaCl 3 , liquid ZnCl 2 , liquid BiCl 3 , liquid NH 4 Cl, liquid NH 4 NO 3 or liquid RbCF 3 SO 3 .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 5 wherein the ion exchange liquid is RbCl/ZnCl 2 which has HCl dissolved in it.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the ion exchange medium includes a monovalent ion selected from the group consisting of Cs + , Tl + and Rb + .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 7 wherein the ion exchange medium include a divalent ion selected from the group consisting of Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ca 2+ and Pb 2+ .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
129 words
A process for producing an optical waveguide comprising the step of applying a DC voltage of from about 20 V per cm of crystal thickness to about 2000 V per cm of crystal thickness across the z-surfaces of a z-cut K 1-x Rb x TiOMO 4 single crystal, wherein x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As, in the presence of a proton source at a temperature of from about -40° C. to 400° C. for a time sufficient to raise the index of refraction underneath the anode by at least 0.00025 with respect to the index of refraction of the single crystal by replacing K + , Rb + or both K + and Rb + of said single crystal with H + .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
129 words
A process for producing an optical waveguide comprising the step of applying a DC voltage of from about 20 V per cm of crystal thickness to about 2000 V per cm of crystal thickness across the z-surfaces of a z-cut K 1-x Rb x TiOMO 4 single crystal, wherein x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As, in the presence of a proton source at a temperature of from about -40° C. to 400° C. for a time sufficient to raise the index of refraction underneath the anode by at least 0.00025 with respect to the index of refraction of the single crystal by replacing K + , Rb + or both K + and Rb + of said single crystal with H + .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the ration of voltage to crystal thickness is about 300 V/cm, and the temperature is about 200° C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 9 wherein waveguide is heated in the presence of sufficient ammonia partial pressure to incorporate ammonia into said guide by ammoniating said H + .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the proton source is ambient water in the atmosphere, water explicitly added to the atmosphere or protons already present in the crystal as a result of its growth.