Patent US5236629A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5236629A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Conductive composite particles and processes for the preparation thereof
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1991-11-15
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Granted: 1993-08-17
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Expires: 2011-11-15
Abstract
Abstract A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles which comprises mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently washing and drying the product.
Inventors
- 👤 Hadi K. Mahabadi
- 👤 Denise Y. Wright
- 👤 T. Hwee Ng
- 👤 Angelo J. Barbetta
- 👤 John A. Creatura
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 15:54
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08F; C08F2/00; C08F2/44
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
142 words
A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles consisting essentially of mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently washing and drying the product.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
142 words
A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles consisting essentially of mixing at least one monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently washing and drying the product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein a mixture of monomers is selected.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the mixture contains from 2 monomers to about 20 monomers.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymerized product obtained is subjected to washing and drying.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the bulk and the suspension polymerization are accomplished by heating.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein heating is accomplished at a temperature of from about 30° C. to about 200° C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein heating is accomplished at a temperature of from about 45° C. to about 120° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the number and weight average molecular weight of the bulk polymerization product is between about 10,000 to about 1,000,000.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the mixing of the conductive fillers in the partially polymerized monomer or comonomers is achieved with a high shear mixer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the dispersion of the partially polymerized monomer mixed with conductive filler in water containing the stabilizing component is accomplished with a high shear mixer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ratio of crosslinked polymer/linear polymer in the final product is from about 0.001 to about 0.05.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the conductive polymeric particles obtained have an average particle diameter of from about 0.05 micron to about 1 micron.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the ratio of conductive filler to the polymer in the final product is from about 0.01 to about 1.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the conductive filler is distributed throughout the polymer matrix of the final product.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the conductivity of the final conductive polymer product is from about 10 -10 to about 10 -4 (ohm-cm) -1 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the number and weight average molecular weight of the linear portion of the polymer in the product polymer is between about 5,000 to about 500,000.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the triboelectrical charge of the polymer product is from about +40 to about -40 microcoulombs per gram.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of α-methyl-styrene, p-chlorostyrene, monocarboxylic acids and the derivatives thereof; dicarboxylic acids with a double bond and their derivatives; vinyl ketones; vinyl naphthalene; unsaturated mono-olefins; vinylidene halides; N-vinyl compounds; fluorinated vinyl compounds and mixtures thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
66 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acids, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylamide; maleic acid, monobutyl maleate, dibutyl maleate; vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl benzoate; vinylidene chloride; pentafluoro styrene allyl pentafluorobenzene and N-vinyl pyrrole.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of conductive carbon blacks, metal oxides, metals, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymerization initiator is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds and peroxides.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 22 wherein the polymerization initiator is benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, 1-1-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, n-butyl-4,4-di-(t-butylperoxy)valerate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,2'azodimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2'azoisobutyronitrile, azobiscyclohexanenitrile, or 2-methylbutronitrile.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the stabilizing component is selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, the sodium salt of carboxyl methyl cellulose, polyacrylate acids, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein and casein.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the stabilizing component is tricalcium phosphate, talc or barium sulfate.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crosslinking component is selected from the group consisting of compounds having two or more polymerizable double bonds.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crosslinking component is divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, or divinylether.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the chain transfer component is selected from the group consisting of mercaptans and halogenated hydrocarbons.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 27 wherein the chain transfer component is carbon tetrachloride, butylmercaptan, or laurylmercaptan.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymeric product is polymethylmethacrylate with a conductivity of 10 -10 (ohm-cm) -1 and with an average particle size of about 0.4 micron, and the filler is comprised of an acetylene carbon black.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
139 words
A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles consisting of mixing two monomers with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently washing and drying the product.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
139 words
A process for the preparation of conductive submicron polymeric particles consisting of mixing two monomers with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; terminating polymerization by cooling the partially polymerized monomer; adding thereto from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a conductive filler, or conductive fillers, followed by mixing thereof; dispersing the aforementioned mixture of conductive filler or fillers, and partially polymerized product in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.05 to about 1 micron in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently washing and drying the product.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process in accordance with claim 30 wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of α-methyl-styrene, p-chlorostyrene, monocarboxylic acids and the derivatives thereof; dicarboxylic acids with a double bond and their derivatives; vinyl ketones; vinyl naphthalene; unsaturated mono-olefins; vinylidene halides; N-vinyl compounds; fluorinated vinyl compounds and mixtures thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-08-16 | 1997-02-15 | 1997-08-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-02-15 | 2001-08-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-08-16 | 2005-02-15 | 2005-08-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |