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US5235628A
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Calibration phantom for bone mineral measurement on the lumbar spine
Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
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Filing: 1991-11-25
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Granted: 1993-08-10
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Expires: 2011-11-25
Abstract
Abstract A phantom for use in calibrating dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed-tomography includes one or more sections which are equivalent to bone to X-rays and which have a shape resembling a lumbar vertebra. Each section includes a substantially cylindrical main body simulating the vertebra centrum, a band simulating the neural arch, and transverse and posterior processes extending from the band. The transverse processes are formed in a define wedge shape which tapers down from its attachment to the neural arch band. The section, or stacked sections, are embedded in a matrix of plastic material equivalent to water or tissue.
Inventors
- 👤 Willi A. Kalender
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 22:42
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B6/00; A61B6/58; A61B6/582; A61B6/583; G; G09; G09B; G09B23/00; G09B23/28; G09B23/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
122 words
A phantom, adapted for calibration of devices for the measurement of bone mineral content by X-rays, which mimics a vertebra comprising: (a) a main body having a substantially cylindrical shape simulating a centrum of a vertebra and having a cortical wall formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (b) a semicircular band of material attached to the main body simulating the neural arch of a vertebra and formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (c) transverse processes extending outwardly from the semiconductor band simulating the neural arch, the transverse processes formed in a wedge shape which tapers down from its attachment to the neural arch band, the transverse processes formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
122 words
A phantom, adapted for calibration of devices for the measurement of bone mineral content by X-rays, which mimics a vertebra comprising: (a) a main body having a substantially cylindrical shape simulating a centrum of a vertebra and having a cortical wall formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (b) a semicircular band of material attached to the main body simulating the neural arch of a vertebra and formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (c) transverse processes extending outwardly from the semiconductor band simulating the neural arch, the transverse processes formed in a wedge shape which tapers down from its attachment to the neural arch band, the transverse processes formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The vertebra phantom of claim 1 wherein the material forming the vertebra phantom includes a plastic material which exhibits the same X-ray attenuation characteristics as water.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The vertebra phantom of claim 2 wherein the plastic forming the phantom has calcium hydroxyapatite added thereto to provide a bone equivalent structure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The vertebra phantom of claim 1 wherein the centrum of the main body has a central portion formed of a material having lower bone equivalent density than the cortical wall of the main body.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The vertebra phantom of claim 1 including a matrix surrounding the vertebra, the matrix including a plastic material which exhibits the same X-ray attenuation characteristics as water.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The vertebra phantom of claim 1 including a posterior process formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays extending from the band simulating the neural arch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
143 words
A phantom, adapted for calibration of devices for the measurement of bone mineral content by X-rays, which mimics a portion of the vertebra of the lumbar spine to X-rays comprising: a plurality of vertebra simulating sections in stacked relation, each section, including: (a) a main body having a substantially cylindrical shape simulating a centrum of a vertebra and having a cortical wall formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (b) a semicircular band of material attached to the main body simulating the neural arch of a vertebra and formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (c) transverse processes extending outwardly from the semicircular band simulating the neural arch, the transverse processes formed in a wedge shape which tapers down from its attachment to the neural arch band, the transverse processes formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
143 words
A phantom, adapted for calibration of devices for the measurement of bone mineral content by X-rays, which mimics a portion of the vertebra of the lumbar spine to X-rays comprising: a plurality of vertebra simulating sections in stacked relation, each section, including: (a) a main body having a substantially cylindrical shape simulating a centrum of a vertebra and having a cortical wall formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (b) a semicircular band of material attached to the main body simulating the neural arch of a vertebra and formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays; (c) transverse processes extending outwardly from the semicircular band simulating the neural arch, the transverse processes formed in a wedge shape which tapers down from its attachment to the neural arch band, the transverse processes formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The phantom of claim 7 wherein the material forming the vertebra of the phantom includes a plastic which exhibits the same X-ray attenuation characteristics as water.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The phantom of claim 8 wherein the plastic forming the phantom has calcium hydroxyapatite added thereto to provide a bone equivalent structure.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The phantom of claim 7 wherein the centrum of the main body of each vertebra has a central portion formed of a material having lower bone equivalent density than the cortical wall of the main body.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The phantom of claim 7 wherein the simulated transverse and posterior processes of each vertebra are of a different height and length.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
11 words
The phantom of claim 7 wherein the phantom has three sections.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The phantom of claim 7 including a matrix surrounding the stacked vertebrae, the matrix including a plastic material which exhibits the same X-ray attenuation characteristics as water.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The phantom of claim 7 including a posterior process formed of a material equivalent to bone to X-rays extending from the band simulating the neural arch.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-08-09 | 1997-02-08 | 1997-08-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-02-08 | 2001-08-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-02-08 | 2005-08-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |