Patent US5205841A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5205841A
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Apparatus and method for extracting hydrogen
Assignee: VALMAN LEV
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Filing: 1992-04-03
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Granted: 1993-04-27
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Expires: 2012-04-03
Abstract
Abstract A membrane for extracting hydrogen from gaseous and gaseous-liquid mixtures at low temperature makes use of a palladium or palladium alloy substrate and permits reduction of the surface resistance of the substrate. The membrane includes combined coatings including vacuum-deposited palladium ions driven into the substrate with inert gas ions and an electrochemically applied catalyst coating in the form of palladium or palladium/platinum black. A method for fabricating the membrane and a method for using the membrane to separate ultra-pure hydrogen are also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Lev A. Vaiman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 09:12
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D71/00; B01D71/02; B01D71/022; B01D71/0223; B01D71/02231; B01D53/00; B01D53/22; B01D63/00; B01D63/06; B01D67/00; B01D67/0039; B01D67/0069; C; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/50; C01B3/501; C01B3/503; C01B3/505; B01D2313/00; B01D2313/42; B01D2323/00; B01D2323/12; C01B2203/00; C01B2203/04; C01B2203/0405; C01B2203/0465; C01B2203/047; C01B2203/0475
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
92 words
A membrane comprising: A. a substrate consisting essentially of palladium metal and having opposed first and second sides; B. a first film consisting essentially of palladium metal applied in overlying relation to the first side of said substrate; C. a second film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying said first film; and D. a third film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying the second side of said substrate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
92 words
A membrane comprising: A. a substrate consisting essentially of palladium metal and having opposed first and second sides; B. a first film consisting essentially of palladium metal applied in overlying relation to the first side of said substrate; C. a second film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying said first film; and D. a third film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying the second side of said substrate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
10 words
The membrane of claim 1, wherein said substrate is tubular.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The membrane of claim 1, which is selectively permeable to hydrogen gas at a temperature less than 250° C.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
79 words
A method of extracting essentially pure hydrogen from a fluid mixture including free molecular hydrogen, comprising the steps of: A. providing the membrane of claim 1; B. exposing the second film of said membrane to a fluid mixture including free hydrogen at a partial pressure of hydrogen, pressure drop across said membrane, and a temperature, and for a time sufficient to selectively pass hydrogen from said mixture through said membrane; and C. collecting the hydrogen passed through said membrane.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The hydrogen extraction method of claim 4, wherein said temperature is from about 20° C. to about 300° C.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
99 words
A method of fabricating a membrane, comprising the steps of: A. providing a substrate consisting essentially of palladium and having first and second sides; B. applying a first film of a material consisting essentially of palladium overlying the first side of said substrate; C. applying a second film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying the second side of said substrate; and D. applying a third film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying said first film.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
99 words
A method of fabricating a membrane, comprising the steps of: A. providing a substrate consisting essentially of palladium and having first and second sides; B. applying a first film of a material consisting essentially of palladium overlying the first side of said substrate; C. applying a second film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying the second side of said substrate; and D. applying a third film consisting essentially of a metal black selected from the group consisting of palladium black and palladium/platinum black overlying said first film.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The fabricating method of claim 6, wherein said first film is from about 1 μm to about 3 μm thick.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
49 words
The fabricating method of claim 6, comprising the further step, after said first film applying step, of bombarding said first film with ions of an inert gas having an energy of from about 30 to about 60 kev under conditions effective to improve the adhesion of said first film.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The fabricating method of claim 6, wherein said palladium and palladium/platinum black applying steps are carried out by galvanic plating.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The fabricating method of claim 9, wherein said palladium and palladium/platinum black applying steps are carried out at a current density of from about 3 to about 12 ma/cm 2 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
37 words
The fabricating method of claim 10, wherein said current density is increased during said palladium and palladium/platinum black applying steps from an initial value of about 3 to a final value of about 12 ma/cm 2 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The fabricating method of claim 10, wherein said current density is increased at the rate of about 0.5 ma/min.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
The fabricating method of claim 9, wherein said palladium and palladium/platinum black are applied at a coating weight of from about 1 mg/cm 2 to about 10 mg/cm 2 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
The fabricating method of claim 9, wherein said palladium is applied by providing a platinum anode, using said substrate as a cathode, and using a solution consisting essentially of an aqueous palladium salt as the electrolyte.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
46 words
The fabricating method of claim 14, wherein said aqueous palladium salt consists essentially of: A. about 4.5% by weight PtHCl 2 ; B. about 2% by weight PdCl 2 ; C. about 2% Hcl; and D. water in an amount effective to disperse the other ingredients.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The fabricating method of claim 6, comprising the subsequent step of heating said membrane in a hydrogen environment at about 200° C. for about two hours.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-10-26 | 1997-04-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-10-26 | 2001-04-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-04-26 | 2004-10-26 | 2005-04-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |