Patent US5162135A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5162135A
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US
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Electrically conductive polymer material having conductivity gradient
Assignee: MILLIKEN RESEARCH Corp A CORPORATION OF
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Filing: 1990-09-27
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Granted: 1992-11-10
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Expires: 2010-09-27
Abstract
Abstract A conductive polymeric material such as a textile fabric having a conductive polymer film may be treated with a solution containing a chemical reducing agent to reduce its conductivity. By selectively reducing portions of the conductive polymer in varying degrees, a gradient of conductivity may be produced in the material. After the conductive polymer has been reduced to a target level, the reducing solution may be removed with a hot water rinse.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard V. Gregory
- 👤 William C. Kimbrell, Jr.
- 👤 Mark E. Cuddihee
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 07:46
CPC Classifications
D; D06; D06N; D06N3/00; D06N3/12; D06N3/0056; D06N3/007; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24802; Y10T428/2481; Y10T442/00; Y10T442/20; Y10T442/2475
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 64
Claim 1
Independent Claim
69 words
A process for lowering the conductivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material and maintaining contact between said solution and said portion of said polymeric material for a sufficient time to lower the conductivity of said portion.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
69 words
A process for lowering the conductivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material and maintaining contact between said solution and said portion of said polymeric material for a sufficient time to lower the conductivity of said portion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process according to claim 1, further comprising rinsing said portion of said polymeric material with a second solution to substantially terminate chemical reduction of said polymeric material by said reducing agent, wherein said first solution is soluble in said second solution.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said reducing agent comprises zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and said solution comprises 0.1 gram/liter to 100 gram/liter of said reducing agent, said solution further comprising from 0.05 gram/liter to 100 gram/liter of urea.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is in the form of a coating on a textile material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 6, wherein said textile material is a knitted, woven or non-woven fibrous textile fabric.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is a polypyrrole compound comprising monomers selected from pyrrole, 3- and 3,4- alkyl or aryl substituted pyrrole, Nalkyl pyrrole and N-aryl pyrrole.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is polypyrrole.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is a polyaniline compound comprising monomers selected from aniline and 3- and 3,4- chloro, bromo, alkyl or aryl substituted aniline.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is polyaniline.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein said solution is an aqueous solution and is heated to a temperature of at least 25° C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 12 wherein sadd solution is heated to a temperature of at least 50° C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein steam is applied to said polymeric material while it is in contact with said solution.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 13, wherein said reducing agent is present in said solution at a concentration of between 0.1 grams per liter and 100 grams per liter.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein said second solution is aqueous and is applied at a temperature greater than 50° C.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
126 words
A process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contacting a second portion of said polymeric material with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, whereby L is greater than L 2 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
126 words
A process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contacting a second portion of said polymeric material with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, whereby L is greater than L 2 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein said first portion of said polymeric material is maintained in contact with said solution for a greater period of time than said second portion is maintained in contact with said solution.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein a greater volume of said solution is contacted per unit of area of said first portion than is contacted per unit of area of said second portion of said polymeric material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein a concentration of said reducing agent in said solution is greater in said solution contacted with said first portion than in said solution contacted with said second portion of said polymeric material.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process according to claim 17, further comprising rinsing said portion of said polymeric material with a second solution to substantially terminate chemical reduction of said polymeric material by said reducing agent, wherein said first solution is soluble in said second solution.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said reducing agent comprises zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said polymeric material is in the form of a coating on textile material.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said polymeric material is polypyrrole.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said polymeric material is polyaniline.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein said solution is an aqueous solution and is heated to a temperature of at least 50° C.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 21, wherein steam is applied to said polymeric material while it is in contact with said solution.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 28, wherein a greater amount of steam is applied to said first portion than said second portion of said polymeric material.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
144 words
A process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypropylene compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a first solution containing a first reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contact a second portion of said polymeric material with a second solution containing a second reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, maintaining contact between said first solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said second solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
144 words
A process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymeric material selected from a polypropylene compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a first solution containing a first reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contact a second portion of said polymeric material with a second solution containing a second reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, maintaining contact between said first solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said second solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process according to claim 30, further comprising rinsing said first and second portions of said polymeric material with a third solution to substantially terminate chemical reduction of said polymeric material by said first and second reducing agent, wherein said first and second solutions are soluble in said third solution.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 31, wherein said first and second reducing agents is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 32, wherein said polyminc material is in the form of a coating on a textile material.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process according to claim 33, wherein said polymeric material is a polypyrrole compound comprising monomers selected from pyrrole, 3- and 3,4- alkyl or aryl substituted pyrrole, N-alkyl pyrrole and N-aryl pyrrole.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 34, wherein said first and second solutions are aqueous and are heated to a temperature of at least 50° C.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
171 words
A process for introducing a resistivity gradient in a substrate coated with a polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said substrate with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, said reducing agent selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride, contacting a second portion of said substrate with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material at a temperature of between 25° C and 100° C. until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material at a temperature of between 25° C. and 100° C. until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
171 words
A process for introducing a resistivity gradient in a substrate coated with a polymeric material selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said substrate with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, said reducing agent selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride, contacting a second portion of said substrate with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material at a temperature of between 25° C and 100° C. until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L 1 ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material at a temperature of between 25° C. and 100° C. until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 36, wherein said substrate is a knitted, woven or non-woven fibrous textile fabric.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 37, wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, said solution containing 0.1 gram/liter to 100 gram/liter of said reducing agent, said solution further comprising from 0.05 gram/liter to 100 gram/liter of urea.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process according to claim 37, wherein said textile material is submerged in a bath containing said solution and wherein said first portion is submerged for a longer period of time than said second portion.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 37, wherein said solution is sprayed onto said first and second portions of said substrate.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 36, wherein said reducing agent is zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process according to claim 36, wherein said polypyrrole compound is a polypyrrole compound comprising monomers selected from pyrrole, 3- and 3,4- alkyl or aryl substituted pyrrole, N-alkyl pyrrole and N-aryl pyrrole.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 41, wherein said polymeric compound is polypyrrole.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 36, further comprising rinsing said first and second portion of said substrate with a second solution to substantially terminate chemical reduction of said polymeric material by said reducing agent, wherein said first solution is soluble in said second solution.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
52 words
A process according to claim 43, further comprising rinsing said first and second portion of said substrate with a second solution at a temperature of at least 50° C. to substantially terminate chemical reduction of said polymeric material by said reducing agent, wherein said first solution is soluble in said second solution.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 41, wherein said polymeric material is polyaniline compound comprising monomers selected from aniline and 3- and 3,4- chloro, bromo, alkyl or aryl substituted aniline.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
117 words
The process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymer material, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contacting a second portion of said polymeric material with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
117 words
The process for raising the resistivity of a conductive polymer material, comprising the steps of contacting a first portion of said polymeric material with a solution containing a reducing agent capable of chemically reducing said polymeric material, contacting a second portion of said polymeric material with said solution, maintaining contact between said solution and said first portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said first portion is raised to a level, L ohms per square, and maintaining contact between said solution and said second portion of said polymeric material until the resistivity of said second portion is raised to a level, L 2 ohms per square, whereby L 1 is greater than L 2 .
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process according to claim 47 wherein said polymeric material is selected from a polypyrrole compound, a polyaniline compound, a polyacetylene compound and a polythiophthene compound.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process according to claim 48 wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process according to claim 49 wherein said solution is aqueous and said solution is heated to a temperature of between 25° C. and 100° C. while said solution is in contact with said polymeric material.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
8 words
The product of the process of claim 17.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
21 words
The product according to claim 51 wherein said polymeric material is in the form of a coating on a textile material.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
12 words
The product according to claim 52 wherein said polymeric material is polypyrrole.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
30 words
The product according to claim 53 wherein said reducing agent is selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
57 words
A textile material comprising first and second portions coated with a film of a conductive polymer selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, said film being of equal and uniform thickness on each of said first and second portions, wherein the resistivity of said first portion is greater than a resistivity of said second portion.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
57 words
A textile material comprising first and second portions coated with a film of a conductive polymer selected from a polypyrrole compound and a polyaniline compound, said film being of equal and uniform thickness on each of said first and second portions, wherein the resistivity of said first portion is greater than a resistivity of said second portion.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
20 words
A textile material according to claim 55 wherein said film of polymer on said second portion has been chemically reduced.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
12 words
A textile material according to claim 56 wherein said polymer is polypyrrole.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
43 words
A textile material according to claim 56 wherein said film of polymer on said second portion has been chemically reduced by a reducing agent selected from zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; thiourea dioxide; sodium hydrosulfite; sodium borohydride; zinc; hydrazine; and stannous chloride,
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-11-10 | 2000-05-11 | 2000-11-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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