US5145518A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Inks containing block copolymer micelles
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1991-05-30
•
Granted: 1992-09-08
•
Expires: 2011-05-30
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an ink composition which comprises an aqeuous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range. Optionally, silica is precipitated within the micelles. In a specific embodiment, the dye molecules are substantially colorless. In another specific embodiment, the ink also contains a colorant detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Inventors
- 👤 Francoise M. Winnik
- 👤 Anthony R. Davidson
- 👤 John W-P. Lin
- 👤 Melvin D. Croucher
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 13:42
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D11/00; C09D11/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 64
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are convalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are convalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the dye molecules are substantially colorless.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to infrared radiation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
67 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the ink also contains colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being colored and detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
An ink composition according to claim 5 wherein the colored dye detectable in the visible wavelenght range is selected from the group consisting of Reactive Dyes.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
71 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the ink also contains colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being colored and detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the ink also contains a colorant detectable in the visible wavelength range selected from the group consisting of pigments, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the liquid vehicle comprises a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic component.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
71 words
An ink composition according to claim 9 wherein the water-miscible organic component is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycols, glycerine, dipropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, amides, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, organosulfides, organosulfoxides, sulfones, alcohol derivatives, monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, dialkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, ether derivatives, amino alcohols, ketones, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
194 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the A segments of the block copolymers are of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxyethylenes, aminoethylenes, vinyl carboxylic acids and their corresponding esters of the general formula: ##STR13## wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups with from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, oxazolines of the general formula ##STR14## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or benzyl and the ring has from about 2 to about 7 carbon atoms in addition to the carbon atom situated between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, acrylamides of the general formula ##STR15## wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and amino-substituted alkyl groups, vinyl ethers of the general formula ##STR16## wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl, and R 2 is selected from hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups and amino-substituted alkyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the B segment of the block copolymers is of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxypropylenes, vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers and esters of monocarboxylic acids, olefins, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
80 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the block copolymers are selected from the group consisting of ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is polypropylene oxide, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are 2-hydroxyethyl vinylether polymers and the B block is a polymer of butyl vinyl ether, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is a polymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
An ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the particles are present in the liquid vehicle in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
103 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and dye molecules covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
103 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and dye molecules covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the dye molecules are substantially colorless.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to infrared radiation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the silica is contained in the micelles in an amount of from about 1.5 to about 39.5 percent by weight.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
67 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the ink also contains colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being colored and detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
71 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the ink also contains colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being colored and detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
31 words
An ink composition according to claim 15 wherein the ink also contains a colorant detectable in the visible wavelength range selected from the group consisting of pigments, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
157 words
In a printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into an ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition and (2) causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate, the improvement which comprises incorporating into the ink jet printing apparatus and jetting droplets onto the substrate an ink composition which comprises a liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
157 words
In a printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into an ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition and (2) causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate, the improvement which comprises incorporating into the ink jet printing apparatus and jetting droplets onto the substrate an ink composition which comprises a liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, said dye molecules being detectable when exposed to radiation outside the visible wavelength range, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the dye molecules are substantially colorless.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to infrared radiation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the dye molecules are detectable when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the micelles have silica precipitated therein.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the ink jet printing apparatus employs a thermal ink jet printing process.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
A printing process according to claim 28 wherein the micelles have silica precipitated therein.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
A printing process according to claim 23 wherein the ink also contains a colorant detectable in the visible wavelength range.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
88 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
88 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the liquid vehicle comprises a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic component.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
71 words
An ink composition according to claim 32 wherein the water-miscible organic component is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycols, glycerine, dipropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, amides, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, organosulfides, organosulfoxides, sulfones, alcohol derivatives, monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, dialkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, ether derivatives, amino alcohols, ketones, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
194 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the A segments of the block copolymers are of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxyethylenes, aminoethylenes, vinyl carboxylic acids and their corresponding esters of the general formula: ##STR17## wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups with from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, oxazolines of the general formula ##STR18## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or benzyl and the ring has from about 2 to about 7 carbon atoms in addition to the carbon atom situated between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, acrylamides of the general formula ##STR19## wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and aminosubstituted alkyl groups, vinyl ethers of the general formula ##STR20## wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl, and R 2 is selected from hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups and amino-substituted alkyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
38 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the B segment of the block copolymers is of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxypropylenes, vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers and esters of monocarboxylic acids, olefins, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
80 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the block copolymers are selected from the group consisting of ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is polypropylene oxide, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are 2-hydroxyethyl vinylether polymers and the B block is a polymer of butyl vinyl ether, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is a polymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the dye molecules are selected from the group consisting of Reactive Dyes.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
30 words
An ink composition according to claim 31 wherein the colored particles are present in the liquid vehicle in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
90 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and dye molecules covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
90 words
An ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA having silica precipitated therein, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and dye molecules covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
28 words
An ink composition according to claim 39 wherein the silica is contained in the micelles in an amount of from about 1.5 to about 39.5 percent by weight.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into an ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition and (2) causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate, the improvement which comprises incorporating into the ink jet printing apparatus and jetting droplets onto the substrate an ink composition which comprises a liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into an ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition and (2) causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate, the improvement which comprises incorporating into the ink jet printing apparatus and jetting droplets onto the substrate an ink composition which comprises a liquid vehicle and colored particles of an average diameter of 100 nanometers or less which comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wherein dye molecules are covalently attached to the micelles, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
14 words
A printing process according to claim 41 wherein the micelles have silica precipitated therein.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
20 words
A printing process according to claim 41 wherein the ink jet printing apparatus employs a thermal ink jet printing process.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
14 words
A printing process according to claim 43 wherein the micelles have silica precipitated therein.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
138 words
An ink preparation process which comprises, in the order stated (1) adding to water a block copolymer of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter, thereby forming a dispersion of micelles of the block copolymer; (2) adding a water-soluble base to the dispersion, thereby bringing the pH of the dispersion to at least 8; (3) adding to the dispersion a solution comprising water and a reactive dye capable of reacting with the block copolymer, thereby forming colored polymeric micelles; and (4) admixing the colored micelles with an aqueous liquid vehicle to form an ink composition.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
138 words
An ink preparation process which comprises, in the order stated (1) adding to water a block copolymer of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter, thereby forming a dispersion of micelles of the block copolymer; (2) adding a water-soluble base to the dispersion, thereby bringing the pH of the dispersion to at least 8; (3) adding to the dispersion a solution comprising water and a reactive dye capable of reacting with the block copolymer, thereby forming colored polymeric micelles; and (4) admixing the colored micelles with an aqueous liquid vehicle to form an ink composition.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
193 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the A segments of the block copolymers are of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxyethylenes, aminoethylenes, vinyl carboxylic acids and their corresponding esters of the general formula: ##STR21## wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups with from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, oxazolines of the general formula ##STR22## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or benzyl and the ring has from about 2 to about 7 carbon atoms in addition to the carbon atom situated between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, acrylamides of the general formula ##STR23## wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl groups with from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and amino-substituted alkyl groups, vinyl ethers of the general formula ##STR24## wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl, and R 2 is selected from hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups and amino-substituted alkyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the B segment of the block copolymers is of monomers selected from the group consisting of oxypropylenes, vinyl monomers, acrylic monomers and esters of monocarboxylic acids, olefins, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
79 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the block copolymers are selected from the group consisting of ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is polypropylene oxide, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are 2-hydroxyethyl vinylether polymers and the B block is a polymer of butyl vinyl ether, ABA block copolymers wherein the A blocks are polyethylene oxide and the B block is a polymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the water soluble base is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, methyl amine, ethyl amine, propyl amine, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the water soluble base is added to the dispersion in an amount of from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of the dispersion.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the dye is added to the dispersion in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of the micelles.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 45 wherein the colored micelles are purified by filtration prior to admixing with the liquid vehicle.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
154 words
An ink preparation process which comprises, in the order stated (1) adding to water a block copolymer of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter, thereby forming a dispersion of micelles of the block copolymer; (2) admixing a tetraalkoxysilane with the dispersion; (3) adding a water-soluble base to the dispersion, thereby bringing the pH of the dispersion to at least 8, thereby precipitating silica within the micelles; (4) adding to the dispersion a solution comprising water and a reactive dye capable of reacting with the block copolymer, thereby forming colored polymeric micelles with silica precipitated therein; and (5) admixing the colored micelles with a liquid vehicle to form an ink composition.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
154 words
An ink preparation process which comprises, in the order stated (1) adding to water a block copolymer of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydrophilic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, wherein the A segments exhibit a solubility in water of at least about 0.2 gram per milliliter and the B segment exhibits a solubility in water of no more than about 0.01 gram per milliliter, thereby forming a dispersion of micelles of the block copolymer; (2) admixing a tetraalkoxysilane with the dispersion; (3) adding a water-soluble base to the dispersion, thereby bringing the pH of the dispersion to at least 8, thereby precipitating silica within the micelles; (4) adding to the dispersion a solution comprising water and a reactive dye capable of reacting with the block copolymer, thereby forming colored polymeric micelles with silica precipitated therein; and (5) admixing the colored micelles with a liquid vehicle to form an ink composition.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 53 wherein alkoxy groups of the tetraalkoxysilane have from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 53 wherein the tetraalkoxysilane is selected from the group consisting of tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-i-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetra-s-butoxysilane, tetra-i-butoxysilane, tetrapentoxysilane, tetrakis-(2-methoxyethoxysilane), and mixtures thereof.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 53 wherein the tetraalkoxysilane is added to the dispersion in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 percent by weight of the micelles.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-09-08 | 1996-03-09 | 1996-09-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-03-09 | 2000-09-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-09-08 | 2004-03-09 | 2004-09-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |