US5136474A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Proton exchange membrane electrochemical capacitors
Assignee: WALU TWO BV A NETHERLANDS Corp
•
Filing: 1991-02-11
•
Granted: 1992-08-04
•
Expires: 2011-02-11
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor, completely free of liquid electrolyte. The capacitor includes 1) a three-dimensional metal oxide-particulate-ionomer composite electrode structure, whereby the ionomer coats the individual particles and provides a mechanism for continuous proton transport throughout the composite structure and 2) a unitized repeating cell element that includes this three-dimensional composite electrode structure. The composite electrode structures are bonded to opposite sides of a thin sheet of a solid proton-conducting ionomer membrane and form an integrally bonded membrane and electrode assembly (MEA). The composite electrodes of the MEA are pressed against thin electrically conductive current collectors to form a repeating element in a bipolar cell capacitor arrangement. Energy storage and discharge are achieved by utilizing double-layer and reversible redox processes. High-energy-density is achieved by utilizing select high-surface-area conductive metal oxide powders wherein the individual particles are in intimate contact with a film of a highly ionically conducting solid polymer ionomer.
Inventors
- 👤 Srinivasan Sarangapani
- 👤 Philip M. Lessner
- 👤 Anthony B. LaConti
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 23:30
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01G; H01G9/00; H01G9/004; H01G9/022; H01G9/025; H01G9/04; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/13
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
69 words
A process for producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor comprising the steps of: coating high-surface-area metal oxide particles with a solid ionomer electrolyte; forming said high-surface-area metal oxide particles into a metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure; integrally bonding said metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure to a proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane to form a membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) that provides a continuous proton-conducting ionic linkage throughout the structure.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
69 words
A process for producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor comprising the steps of: coating high-surface-area metal oxide particles with a solid ionomer electrolyte; forming said high-surface-area metal oxide particles into a metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure; integrally bonding said metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure to a proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane to form a membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) that provides a continuous proton-conducting ionic linkage throughout the structure.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
58 words
The process of producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor of claim 1, wherein said high-surface-area metal oxide particles are RuO x particles coated with a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer and wherein said step of bonding said proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane comprises placing the RuO x particulate-ionomer structure in intimate contact with a hydrated perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
70 words
The process for producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor of claim 1, wherein said high-surface-area metal oxide particulates are high-surface-area Ru-Ir oxide particles coated with a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer film or films, and wherein said step of bonding said electrode structure to a proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane comprises the step of placing said metal oxide particulate ionomer structure in intimate contact with a hydrated perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
66 words
The process of producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor of claim 1, wherein said high-surface-area metal oxide particles are RuO x particles and carbon powder coated with a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer and wherein said step of bonding said electrode structure to a proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane comprises placing said metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure in intimate contact with a hydrated perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
66 words
The process of producing a high-energy-density all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor of claim 1, wherein said high-surface-area metal oxide particles are IrO x particles and carbon powder coated with a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer and wherein said step of bonding said electrode structure to a proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane comprises placing said metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode structure in intimate contact with a hydrated perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
124 words
A high-energy-density, all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor comprising: a hydrated proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane as the sole electrolyte; a first metal oxide-particulate-ionomer electrode in contact with a first surface of said membrane; a second metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode in contact with a second surface of said membrane, said second surface being the surface of said membrane opposite to said first surface; thin metal electronically conducting collectors in contact with said electrodes to form a membrane and electrode assembly; cell hardware enclosing said membrane and electrode assemblies that allows electrochemical proton transport to occur from one thin metal collector to the other through the said electrode-solid ionomer structure and allows reversible electrode surface reactions and double-layer process; an electrical circuit for charging and discharging said cell.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
124 words
A high-energy-density, all-solid ionomer electrochemical capacitor comprising: a hydrated proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane as the sole electrolyte; a first metal oxide-particulate-ionomer electrode in contact with a first surface of said membrane; a second metal oxide particulate-ionomer electrode in contact with a second surface of said membrane, said second surface being the surface of said membrane opposite to said first surface; thin metal electronically conducting collectors in contact with said electrodes to form a membrane and electrode assembly; cell hardware enclosing said membrane and electrode assemblies that allows electrochemical proton transport to occur from one thin metal collector to the other through the said electrode-solid ionomer structure and allows reversible electrode surface reactions and double-layer process; an electrical circuit for charging and discharging said cell.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The capacitor of claim 6, wherein said cell hardware only allows surface reactions and double-layer processes to occur without formation or consumption of either adsorbed or generated gases.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
66 words
The capacitor of claim 6, wherein said first and second particulate-ionomer electrodes are ionically (transports protons) and electrically conductive (transports electrons) so that when said electrodes are bonded to opposite sides of said hydrated proton-conducting solid ionomer membrane to form an integral all-solid ionomer membrane and electrode assembly, said membrane and electrode assembly displaying unique energy storage and discharge properties on short-time basis (milliseconds to seconds).
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
37 words
The capacitor of claim 6, further comprising plurality of said membrane and electrode assemblies with a bipolar separator positioned between each pair of the membrane and electrode assemblies, said bipolar separator being a thin electrically conductive foil.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The capacitor of claim 9, wherein said conductive foil is of a material selected from the valve metals group comprising Ti, Zr, Ta, N, and also C.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US1395931A
Cited
US3536963A
Cited
US3883784A
Cited
US4186423A
Cited
US4224121A
Cited
US4311569A
Cited
US4438481A
Cited
US4638407A
Cited
US4731705A
Cited
US4610938A
Cited
US4633372A
Cited
US4630176A
Cited
US4730239A
Cited
US4942501A
Cited
US4766522A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-08-04 | 1996-02-03 | 1996-08-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-02-03 | 2000-08-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-02-03 | 2004-08-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |