US5130397A
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Hybrid sol-gel optical materials
Assignee: United States, ENERGY THE, Secretary of, Department of
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Filing: 1990-02-13
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Granted: 1992-07-14
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Expires: 2010-02-13
Abstract
Abstract Hybrid sol-gel materials comprise silicate sols cross-linked with linear polysilane, polygermane, or poly(silane-germane). The sol-gel materials are useful as optical identifiers in tagging and verification applications and, in a different aspect, as stable, visible light transparent non-linear optical materials. Methyl or phenyl silicones, polyaryl sulfides, polyaryl ethers, and rubbery polysilanes may be used in addition to the linear polysilane. The linear polymers cross-link with the sol to form a matrix having high optical transparency, resistance to thermooxidative aging, adherence to a variety of substrates, brittleness, and a resistance to cracking during thermal cycling.
Inventors
- 👤 John M. Zeigler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 12:10
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08L; C08L83/00; C08L83/02; C08G; C08G77/00; C08G77/02; C08G77/48; C08G77/58; C08G79/00; C08L83/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
44 words
A process for preparing a sol-gel like hybrid material, comprising copolymerizing esters selected from the group consisting of orthosilicate esters and mixtures of orthosilicate and orthotitanate esters, with a polymer selected from the groups consisting of linear polysilanes, linear polygermanes, and linear silane-germane copolymers.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process for preparing a sol-gel like hybrid material, comprising copolymerizing esters selected from the group consisting of orthosilicate esters and mixtures of orthosilicate and orthotitanate esters, with a polymer selected from the groups consisting of linear polysilanes, linear polygermanes, and linear silane-germane copolymers.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process as in claim 1, wherein said process further comprises including in the polymerization of said sol-gel hybrid a polymer selected from the group consisting of methyl silicone, phenyl silicone, polyaryl sulfide, polyaryl ethers and rubbery polysilanes, producing thereby a ternary hybrid structure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
64 words
A process as in claim 1, wherein said linear polysilane, linear polygermane, or linear silane-germane copolymer is of the formula: X--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X wherein X is a halogen, M is silicon or germanium or a mixture of these elements, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group of radicals consisting of alkyl, aryl, and silyl, and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as in claim 3, wherein X is selected from the group of elements consisting of chlorine and bromine.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process as in claim 4, wherein R 1 is methyl and R 2 is selected from chemical groups consisting of alkyl and aryl.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
10 words
A process as in claim 3, wherein M is silicon.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
65 words
A process as in claim 1, wherein said linear polysilane, linear polygermane, or linear silane-germane copolymer is of the formula RO(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein M is silicon, germanium, or a mixture of these elements, R is an alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl or aryl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl, or silyl group, and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as in claim 7, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 7, wherein R is selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of methyl and ethyl.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as in claim 7, wherein R 1 is methyl and R 2 is selected from chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl and silyl.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process as in claim 7, wherein R 1 and R 2 are each selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl, and silyl.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
10 words
A process as in claim 7, wherein M is silicon.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
73 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having linear polymers of the formula: X--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X substantially bonded therein, wherein X constitutes an oxygen atom which is part of the sol-gel network, M is silicon or germanium or a mixture of these elements, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl and silyl and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
73 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having linear polymers of the formula: X--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X substantially bonded therein, wherein X constitutes an oxygen atom which is part of the sol-gel network, M is silicon or germanium or a mixture of these elements, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl and silyl and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 13, formed from X--(MR 1 R 2 ) n --X wherein X is selected from the group of elements consisting of chlorine and bromine.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 13, formed from X--(MR 1 R 2 ) n --X wherein X comprises RO and R is an alkyl or aryl group.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 15, wherein R is an alkyl group.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 16, wherein R is selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of methyl and ethyl.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 15, wherein R 1 is methyl and R 2 is selected from chemical groups consisting of alkyl and aryl.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 18, wherein R 1 is methyl and R 2 is selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl, and silyl.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 15, wherein in said network further comprises a substantially bonded-in polymer selected from the group consisting of methyl silicone, phenyl silicone, polyaryl sulfide, polyaryl ethers and rubbery polysilanes.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 13, wherein R 1 is alkyl or aryl and R 2 is aryl.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
55 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear polygermanes of the formula: RO--(GeR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein R is alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl, or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, and n is from, 3 to 100.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
55 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear polygermanes of the formula: RO--(GeR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein R is alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl, or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, and n is from, 3 to 100.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 22, wherein R 1 is alkyl or aryl and R 2 is aryl.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
66 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear germane-silane copolymers of the formula: RO--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein M is a mixture of silicon and germanium, R is an alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
66 words
A hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear germane-silane copolymers of the formula: RO--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein M is a mixture of silicon and germanium, R is an alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 23, wherein R 1 is alkyl or aryl and R 2 is aryl.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
40 words
A hybrid sol-gel as in claim 24 having linear polysilanes, linear polygermanes or copolymers thereof bonded therein and at least one member bonded therein from the group consisting of methyl silicone, phenyl silicone, polyaryl sulfide, polyaryl ethers and rubbery polysilanes.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
77 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having linear polymers of the formula: X--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X substantially bonded therein, wherein X constitutes an oxygen atom which is part of the sol-gel network, M is silicon or germanium or a mixture of these elements, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl and silyl and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
77 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having linear polymers of the formula: X--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X substantially bonded therein, wherein X constitutes an oxygen atom which is part of the sol-gel network, M is silicon or germanium or a mixture of these elements, R 1 and R 2 are selected from the group of chemical groups consisting of alkyl, aryl and silyl and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
59 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear polygermanes of the formula: RO--(GeR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein R is alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl, or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, and n is from 3, to 100.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
59 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear polygermanes of the formula: RO--(GeR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein R is alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl, or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, and n is from 3, to 100.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
69 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear germanesilane copolymers of the formula: RO--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein M is a mixture of silicon and germanium, R is an alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
69 words
A waveguide comprised of a hybrid sol-gel comprising an orthosilicate or mixed orthosilicate-orthotitanate ester network having incorporated therein substantially linear germanesilane copolymers of the formula: RO--(MR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --OR wherein M is a mixture of silicon and germanium, R is an alkyl or aryl group, R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group, R 2 is an alkyl, aryl or silyl group and n is from 3 to 100.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
10 words
A waveguide comprised of the hybrid sol-gel of claim 21.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-07-14 | 1996-01-13 | 1996-07-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-01-13 | 2000-07-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-07-14 | 2004-01-13 | 2004-07-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |