US5095058A
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US
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Stable polyamide resin dispersions and methods for the manufacture thereof
Assignee: Wilmington Trust FSB
•
Filing: 1991-03-04
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Granted: 1992-03-10
•
Expires: 2011-03-04
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous dispersions of polyamide resins having improved stability with respect to gelation and phase separation are provided, along with preparative methods therefor. The improved stability of the provided aqueous dispersions is achieved by the addition to such dispersion of a chemical moiety, such as a water soluble, amphoteric amino acid, anionic and cationic salts of amino acid, or mixtures thereof, in aqueous solutions. In a preferred embodiment, a dispersion-stabilizing amount of glycine is added with the inversion water used to invert an emulsion of water in polyamide resin. The resulting emulsion of resin in water is then cooled below the resin's melting point, causing the emulsified droplets of the polyamide resin to solidify as finely divided particles which are dispersed uniformly through the aqueous phase. The stable, aqueous dispersions of this invention are useful in coatings, inks, and as coatings for hot melt adhesive applications.
Inventors
- 👤 George A. Smith
- 👤 Scott R. Hagedorn
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 08:50
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08L; C08L77/00; C08J; C08J3/00; C08J3/02; C08J3/03; C08J2377/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 49
Claim 1
Independent Claim
147 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR2## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
147 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR2## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
181 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of an amorphous, non-solvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion of which is obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR3## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
181 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of an amorphous, non-solvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion of which is obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR3## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
161 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixture to a temperature which is at least as high as the melting point of said resin; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling said mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR4## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
161 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixture to a temperature which is at least as high as the melting point of said resin; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling said mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR4## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said water in said resin when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to a temperature which is at least as high as the softening point of said resin; adding to the mixture an amount of inversion water effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water; and cooling the mixture below the melting point of said resin; the improvement which comprises adding at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR5## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" repredents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said water in said resin when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to a temperature which is at least as high as the softening point of said resin; adding to the mixture an amount of inversion water effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water; and cooling the mixture below the melting point of said resin; the improvement which comprises adding at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR5## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" repredents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water, an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water, and a dispersion stabilizing amount of at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR6## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
125 words
A method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water, an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water, and a dispersion stabilizing amount of at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR6## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
81 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin and water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR7## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
81 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin and water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR7## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
74 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin in water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR8## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
74 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin in water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acid of the formula ##STR8## anionic and cationic salts derived therefrom and mixtures thereof, wherein "R" represents any alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group of one to ten carbon atoms and "Y" is any polar or non-polar ionic or non-ionic substituent, in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
110 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
110 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the resin is heated to a temperature at which the resin melt viscosity is about 5000 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the water is mixed with said liquified resin and surfactant in an amount sufficient to form an emulsion comprising between about 10 and about 60 percent resin by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the water mixed with said liquified resin and surfactant has a temperature such that the temperature of the mixture is above the softening point of the resin.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the step of subjecting the mixture to comminuting forces forms an emulsion of droplets of said liquified resin in water having an average volume size distribution of less than 5 microns.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the step of cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin forms finely dispersed particles of said resin in water having average size less than about 10 microns.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the step of cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin forms finely dispersed particles of said resin in water having average size less than about 2 microns.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 8 further comprising mixing acid with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount sufficient to neutralize an amine number up to about 8.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 8 further comprising mixing base with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount sufficient to neutralize an acid number up to about 8.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of an amorphous, non-solvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion of which is obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of an amorphous, non-solvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion of which is obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said liquified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
128 words
The method of claim 17 wherein: said polyamide resin is an amorphous, nonsolvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion thereof obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms; said polyamide resin has an acid number of up to about 45 and an amine number of up to about 250; the percentage of said resin in said mixture with water is between about 20 and about 60 percent; said surfactant is other than the salt of an organic primary amine; and the step of subjecting the mixture to comminuting forces forms an emulsion of droplets of said liquified resin in water having an average volume size distribution of less than about 20 microns.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
124 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixture to a temperature which is at least as high as the melting point of said resin; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling said mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said solidified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
124 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixture to a temperature which is at least as high as the melting point of said resin; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling said mixture below the melting temperature of said resin; the improvement which comprises mixing at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine with said solidified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
128 words
The method of claim 19 wherein: said polyamide resin is an amorphous, nonsolvated, polymerized fatty acid polyamide resin, the polymerized fatty acid portion thereof obtained by polymerization of a saturated, ethylenically unsaturated or acetylenically unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms; said polyamide resin has an acid number of up to about 45 and an amine number of up to about 250; the percentage of said resin in said mixture with water is between about 20 and about 60 percent; said surfactant is other than the salt of an organic primary amine; and the step of subjecting the mixture to comminuting forces forms an emulsion of droplets of said liquified resin in water having an average volume size distribution of less than about 20 microns.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
137 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said water in said resin when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to a temperature which is at least as high as the softening point of said resin; adding to the mixture an amount of inversion water effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water; and cooling the mixture below the melting point of said resin; the improvement which comprises adding at least one chemical moiety selected from the group of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine to the mixture with said inversion water in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
137 words
In a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: mixing said resin in solidified form with water and an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said water in said resin when said resin is in liquified form; heating the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to a temperature which is at least as high as the softening point of said resin; adding to the mixture an amount of inversion water effective to form an emulsion of said resin in water; and cooling the mixture below the melting point of said resin; the improvement which comprises adding at least one chemical moiety selected from the group of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine to the mixture with said inversion water in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the resin is heated to a temperature at which the resin melt viscosity is about 5000 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said water is mixed with said solidified resin such that said water comprises less than about 25% by weight of the mixture.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said inversion water is added to the mixture in an amount sufficient to form an emulsion comprising between about 10 and about 60 percent said resin by weight.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the step of cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin forms finely dispersed particles of said resin in water having average size less than about 10 microns.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the step of cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin forms finely dispersed particles of said resin in water having average size less than about 2 microns.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising mixing acid with said solidified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount sufficient to neutralize an amine number up to about 8.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising mixing base with said solidified resin, water, and surfactant in an amount sufficient to neutralize an acid number up to about 8.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
90 words
A method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water, an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water, and a dispersion stabilizing amount of at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
90 words
A method for preparing an aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin comprising the steps of: heating said resin to at least its melting point to liquify said resin; mixing said liquified resin with water, an amount of surfactant effective to form an emulsion of said liquified resin in water, and a dispersion stabilizing amount of at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine; subjecting the mixed resin, water, and surfactant to comminuting forces; and cooling the mixture below the melting temperature of said resin.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
19 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 comprising from about 10 to about 60 weight percent of said polyamide resin.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
21 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 wherein the polyamide resin comprises dispersed resin particles having average diameter less than 10 microns.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
21 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 wherein the polyamide resin comprises dispersed resin particles having average diameter less than 2 microns.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
35 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 wherein the particles are uniformly dispersed in the water to form the dispersion having a stability against separation into separate phases at ambient temperatures in excess of 24 hours.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
32 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 wherein the particles are uniformly dispersed in the water to form the dispersion having a stability against gelation at ambient temperatures in excess of 24 hours.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
40 words
The aqueous dispersion of claim 29 wherein the polyamide resin comprises dispersed particles of an amorphous a nonsolvated, low acid, low amine number polymerized fatty acid polyamine resin having a volume average particle size distribution of less than 20 microns.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
37 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin in water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
37 words
A stable aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin in water comprising at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine in an amount effective to improve the stability of said aqueous dispersion.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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