Patent US5083039A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5083039A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Variable speed wind turbine
Assignee: US WINDPOWER Inc A CORP OF
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Filing: 1991-02-01
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Granted: 1992-01-21
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Expires: 2011-02-01
Abstract
Abstract A variable speed wind turbine is disclosed comprising a turbine rotor that drives an AC induction generator, a power converter that converts the generator output to fixed-frequency AC power, a generator controller, and an inverter controller. The generator controller uses field orientation to regulate either stator currents or voltages to control the torque reacted by the generator. The inverter controller regulates the output currents to supply multi-phase AC power having leading or lagging currents at an angle specified by a power factor control signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert D. Richardson
- 👤 William L. Erdman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 06:37
CPC Classifications
F; F03; F03D; F03D7/00; F03D7/02; F03D7/0272; F03D7/0276; F03D7/04; F03D7/042; F03D9/00; F03D9/20; F03D9/25; F03D9/255; H; H02; H02J; H02J3/00; H02J3/18; H02J3/1821; H02J3/1835; H02J3/1842; H02J3/1892; H02J3/38; H02J3/381; H02M; H02M7/00; H02M7/42; H02M7/44; H02M7/48; H02M7/53; H02M7/537; H02M7/5387; H02M7/53871; H02M7/53875; H02M7/53876; H02P; H02P21/00; H02P21/06; H02P9/00; H02P9/04; H02P9/42; H02P9/48; F05; F05B; F05B2220/00; F05B2220/70; F05B2220/706; F05B2220/7064; F05B2270/00; F05B2270/10; F05B2270/1016; F05B2270/103; F05B2270/1032; F05B2270/104; F05B2270/20; F05B2270/30; F05B2270/327; F05B2270/328; F05B2270/335; H02J2101/00; H02J2101/20; H02J2101/28; H02J3/40; H02P2101/00; H02P2101/15; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E10/00; Y02E10/50; Y02E10/56; Y02E10/70; Y02E10/72; Y02E10/76; Y02E40/00; Y02E40/20
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 172
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
124 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
41 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator currents, and wherein the switch control means includes means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
105 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 2 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature axis current into desired stator currents, and wherein the switch control means further includes delta modulator means for comparing the desired stator currents to the sensed stator currents and for controlling the active switches to increase current in each phase if the actual stator current for that phase is less than the desired stator current for that phase and to decrease current if the actual stator current is greater than the desired stator current.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 2 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature axis current into desired stator currents, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator voltages, and wherein the switch control means includes means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
75 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 5 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature axis current into desired quadrature axis voltage by compensating for cross coupling between the direct and quadrature axes, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis voltage.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
89 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and are stator voltages at higher rotational speeds, and wherein the switch control means includes means responsive to the rotational speed of the generator for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current at the low rotational speeds and to produce stator voltages that correspond to a desired quadrature axis voltage at the higher rotational speeds.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
112 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 further comprising rotor speed sensor means for defining a rotor speed signal indicative of the rotational speed of the generator rotor, wherein the power converter establishes a flux field in the generator rotor that rotates at a slip speed with respect to the rotor, and wherein the generator controller means further includes means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and means for defining the direction of the rotor flux field as a function of the slip speed and rotor speed.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 8 wherein the means for defining the direction of the rotor flux vector includes means for defining the slip speed as a function of the quadrature axis current and the magnitude of the rotor flux, and includes means for adding the slip speed to the rotor speed and integrating the sum to obtain a rotor flux angle.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
67 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 8 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from rotating field coordinates into fixed stator coordinates to define desired stator electrical quantities, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the active switches that produces stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
46 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 10 wherein the means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from rotating field coordinates into fixed stator coordinates includes means for determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle that defines a coordinate transformation for the conversion.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
53 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents and a torque monitor operable for determining a measure of generator torque, wherein the torque monitor includes means for converting the sensed stator currents into field coordinates and then converting into a sensed torque value.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
57 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 12 further comprising rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor and pitch sensor means for sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade, and wherein the torque command means is responsive to blade pitch, rotor speed, and sensed torque for defining the torque reference signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
79 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the generator controller means includes a digital signal processor that periodically receives a torque reference signal indicative of desired generator torque and a rotor speed signal indicative of the rotational speed of the generator, computes the desired quadrature axis current and converts it into stator coordinates, and determines pulse width modulation signals for switching the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
72 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the power converter includes a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator winding of the generator and operable for switching stator electrical quantities therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 1 wherein the switch control means includes means for defining pulse-width modulation commutation signals for switching the active switches of the power converter.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
314 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
314 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
51 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 17 wherein the rotor flux field rotates at a slip speed with respect to the rotor, and wherein the generator controller means further includes means for defining the direction of the rotor flux field as a function of the slip speed and rotor speed.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
66 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 18 wherein the means for defining the direction of the rotor flux vector includes means for defining the slip speed as a function of the quadrature axis current and the magnitude of the rotor flux, and includes means for adding the slip speed to the rotor speed and integrating the sum modulo 2π to obtain a rotor flux angle.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 18 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator electrical quantities, and wherein the modulation means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the rectifier switches that produces stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
44 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 20 wherein the means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates includes means for determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle that defines a coordinate transformation for the conversion.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
84 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 17 further comprising stator current sensors coupled to the power converter and operable for sensing stator currents, a blade pitch sensor coupled to the turbine blade for sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade, and a torque monitor coupled to the stator current sensors and operable for defining a measure of generator torque, wherein the torque monitor includes means for converting the sensed stator currents into field coordinates and then converting into a torque feedback signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
31 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 22 wherein the torque command means includes means responsive to the pitch angle, generator torque, and rotor speed for defining the torque reference signal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
78 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 17 wherein the generator controller means includes a digital signal processor that periodically receives the torque reference signal and the rotor speed signal, computes the desired quadrature axis current and rotor flux angle and converts the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into stator coordinates, and determines pulse width modulation signals for switching the rectifier switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
278 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining a desired rotor flux angle as a function of the rotor speed and desired quadrature and direct axis currents, the processor means including means for converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates using the desired rotor flux angle to define desired stator electrical quantities, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
278 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining a desired rotor flux angle as a function of the rotor speed and desired quadrature and direct axis currents, the processor means including means for converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates using the desired rotor flux angle to define desired stator electrical quantities, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
113 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 further comprising the steps of: determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in field coordinates; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; and converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 wherein the step of defining a torque reference signal includes the steps of sensing the stator currents, converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field to define a torque feedback signal indicative of rotor torque, and using the torque feedback signal to define the torque reference signal.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 further comprising the steps of defining a rotor flux angle by defining a slip speed of the rotor flux as a function of the desired quadrature axis current and the rotor flux magnitude, sensing rotor speed and adding the rotor speed to the slip speed to define a rotor flux speed, and integrating the rotor flux speed to obtain the rotor flux angle.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 further comprising the steps of defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the relative rotation between the field coordinates and stationary coordinates, and transforming the desired quadrature axis current into a stationary frame of reference using the rotor flux angle.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator currents, and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 31 wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the steps of sensing the stator currents and minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
66 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator voltages, wherein the method further comprises the step of converting the desired quadrature axis current into a desired quadrature axis voltage, and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator voltages that corresponds to the desired quadrature axis voltage.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
85 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 26 wherein the stator electrical quantities are stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and are stator voltages at higher rotational speeds, and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current at the low rotational speeds and producing stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current at the higher rotational speeds.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to switches of the active rectifier to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to switches of the active rectifier to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 35 wherein the steps of defining a rotor flux angle, converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents, and supplying pulse width modulation signals are performed periodically.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 35 wherein the step of defining a torque reference signal includes the steps of sensing the stator currents, converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field, converting the quadrature axis current into a torque feedback signal indicative of torque, and using the torque feedback signal to define the torque reference signal.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 35 wherein the step of defining a rotor flux angle includes the steps of defining a slip speed of the rotor flux as a function of the desired quadrature axis current and the rotor flux magnitude, adding the rotor speed to the slip speed to define a rotor flux speed, and integrating the rotor flux speed modulo 2π to obtain the rotor flux angle.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
70 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 35 wherein the step of converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities includes the step of transforming the desired quadrature and direct axis current into a stationary frame of reference using the rotor flux angle, where the rotor flux angle defines the relative angle between the field coordinates and stationary coordinates.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
233 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; determining a measure of generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the desired instantaneous position of the rotor flux field as a function of the rotor speed and the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities using the rotor flux angle; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
233 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; determining a measure of generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the desired instantaneous position of the rotor flux field as a function of the rotor speed and the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator electrical quantities using the rotor flux angle; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired stator electrical quantities.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
122 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
122 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 41 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature axis current into desired stator currents, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 41 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from rotating field coordinates into fixed stator coordinates to define desired stator currents, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the active switches that produces stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
78 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 41 wherein the generator controller means includes a digital signal processor that periodically receives a torque reference signal indicative of desired generator torque and a rotor speed signal indicative of the rotational speed of the generator, computes the desired quadrature axis current and converts it into stator coordinates, and determines pulse width modulation signals for switching the active switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
312 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator currents, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
312 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator currents, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
106 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 45 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents, and wherein the modulation means further includes delta modulator means for comparing the desired stator currents to the sensed stator currents and for controlling the rectifier switches to increase current in each phase if the actual stator current for that phase is less than the desired stator current for that phase and to decrease current if the actual stator current is greater than the desired stator current.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
65 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 45 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents, and wherein the modulation means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
39 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 47 wherein the modulation means further includes means for periodically computing a distortion index for each combination of switch states and for periodically selecting the switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
66 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 47 wherein the modulation means further includes means for converting the desired stator currents into desired stator voltages, means for comparing the desired stator voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the rectifier switches, and means for choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
61 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 45 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator currents, and wherein the modulation means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the rectifier switches that produces stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
77 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 45 wherein the generator controller means includes a digital signal processor that periodically receives the torque reference signal and the rotor speed signal, computes the desired quadrature axis current and rotor flux angle and converts the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into stator coordinates, and determines pulse width modulation signals for switching the rectifier switches to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
250 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator currents, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator currents, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents or voltages that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
250 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator currents, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator currents, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents or voltages that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 62
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 63
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
110 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 53 further comprising the steps of: determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in field coordinates; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; and converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 53 wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the steps of sensing the stator currents and minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 66
Independent Claim
174 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 67
Independent Claim
174 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 56 wherein the step of converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents includes the step of transforming the desired quadrature and direct axis current into a stationary frame of reference using the rotor flux angle, where the rotor flux angle defines the relative angle between the field coordinates and stationary coordinates.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
85 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 56 wherein the step of supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier includes the steps of sensing the actual stator currents, comparing the desired stator currents to the actual stator currents, and for each winding, defining a modulation signal to increase the current in that winding if the actual stator current is less than the desired stator current, otherwise defining a modulation signal to decrease the current in that winding.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 56 wherein the step of supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier includes the steps of sensing the actual stator currents and minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired stator currents.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 59 wherein the step of minimizing a distortion index includes the steps of computing the distortion index for each combination of switch states of the rectifier switches, and selecting the switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 59 wherein the step of minimizing a distortion index includes the steps of converting the desired stator currents into desired stator voltages, comparing the desired stator voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the rectifier switches, and choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 73
Independent Claim
209 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; determining a measure of generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 74
Independent Claim
209 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; determining a measure of generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
122 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator voltage for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
122 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator voltage for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches including field orientation means responsive to the torque reference signal for defining a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates, and switch control means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
49 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 63 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature axis current into desired quadrature axis voltage by compensating for cross coupling between the direct and quadrature axes.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
64 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 63 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from rotating field coordinates into fixed stator coordinates to define desired stator voltages, and wherein the switch control means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the active switches that produces stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
78 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 63 wherein the generator controller means includes a digital signal processor that periodically receives a torque reference signal indicative of desired generator torque and a rotor speed signal indicative of the rotational speed of the generator, computes the desired quadrature axis current and converts it into stator coordinates, and determines pulse width modulation signals for switching the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
312 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator voltages, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
312 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; a power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator currents therebetween to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter currents therebetween; generator controller means coupled to the rectifier and responsive to a torque reference signal and a rotor speed signal for controlling the rectifier switches to regulate stator voltages, wherein the generator controller means includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the rectifier switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents; inverter controller means coupled to the inverter for controlling the inverter switches to regulate the inverter currents; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining the rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; and torque command means for defining a torque reference signal and supplying it to the generator controller.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
53 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 67 further comprising stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents, wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired quadrature and direct axis voltages by compensating for cross coupling between the direct and quadrature axes.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
61 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 67 further comprising means for periodically converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator voltages, and wherein the modulation means further includes means for periodically selecting a switch state for the rectifier switches that produces stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
30 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 69 wherein the modulation means includes means for selecting the switch states by modulating the desired stator voltages with a triangular carrier wave.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
248 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator voltages for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor mean responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator voltages, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator voltages, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
248 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator voltages for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor mean responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator voltages, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator voltages, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 87
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 88
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to a power converter with active switches, wherein the active switches establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing torque in rotating field coordinates normal to the rotor flux field; and controlling the active switches of the power converter to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired quadrature axis current.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
110 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 72 further comprising the steps of: determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in field coordinates; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; and converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and wherein the step of controlling the active switches includes the step of producing stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 90
Independent Claim
174 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 91
Independent Claim
174 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 74 wherein the step of converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages includes the step of transforming the desired quadrature and direct axis current into a stationary frame of reference using the rotor flux angle, where the rotor flux angle defines the relative angle between the field coordinates and stationary coordinates.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
138 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 74 wherein the step of supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier includes the steps of sensing the actual stator currents, converting the actual stator currents into actual direct and quadrature axis currents in field coordinates, forming direct and quadrature axis current errors by subtracting the actual direct and quadrature axis currents from the respective desired direct and quadrature axis currents, compensating the direct and quadrature axis current errors to account for cross coupling between the direct and quadrature axes to obtain desired direct and quadrature axis voltages, transforming the desired direct and quadrature axis voltages into desired stator voltages, and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator voltages that follow the desired stator voltages.
Claim 94
Independent Claim
198 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; sensing the generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 95
Independent Claim
198 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; sensing the generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
125 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches to regulate stator currents, wherein the generator controller includes means for regulating the generator torque by controlling the stator currents at a low speed of rotation of the generator and by controlling the stator voltages at a higher speed of rotation of the generator.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
125 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the active switches to regulate stator currents, wherein the generator controller includes means for regulating the generator torque by controlling the stator currents at a low speed of rotation of the generator and by controlling the stator voltages at a higher speed of rotation of the generator.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
33 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 78 further comprising means for defining desired stator currents when the generator is operating at the low speed of rotation and means for sensing stator currents.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
75 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 79 wherein the generator controller means further includes delta modulator means for comparing the desired stator currents to the sensed stator currents and for controlling the active switches to increase current in each phase if the actual stator current for that phase is less than the desired stator current for that phase and to decrease current if the actual stator current is greater than the desired stator current.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
34 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 79 wherein the generator controller means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
51 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 78 further comprising means for defining desired stator voltages when the generator is operating at the higher speed of rotation, and wherein the generator controller means includes means for controlling the active switches by modulating the desired stator voltages with a triangular carrier wave.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
35 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 78 further comprising means for sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor and for switching between regulating currents and regulating voltages according to the sensed rotor speed.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
254 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; rotor sensor means for sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator and for establishing a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the magnitude and frequency of stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller includes means responsive to the rotor speed for regulating the generator torque by controlling the stator currents at a low speed of rotation of the generator and by controlling the stator voltages at a higher speed of rotation of the generator, the generator controller means further includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference signal and rotor speed into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
254 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith, wherein the generator includes a stator power tap for each phase; rotor sensor means for sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator and for establishing a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the magnitude and frequency of stator electrical quantities, wherein the generator controller includes means responsive to the rotor speed for regulating the generator torque by controlling the stator currents at a low speed of rotation of the generator and by controlling the stator voltages at a higher speed of rotation of the generator, the generator controller means further includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference signal and rotor speed into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and further includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator electrical quantities that correspond to the desired quadrature and direct axis currents.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
33 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 84 further comprising means for defining desired stator currents when the generator is operating at the low speed of rotation and means for sensing stator currents.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
75 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 85 wherein the generator controller means further includes delta modulator means for comparing the desired stator currents to the sensed stator currents and for controlling the active switches to increase current in each phase if the actual stator current for that phase is less than the desired stator current for that phase and to decrease current if the actual stator current is greater than the desired stator current.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
34 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 85 wherein the generator controller means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
51 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 84 further comprising means for defining desired stator voltages when the generator is operating at the higher speed of rotation, and wherein the generator controller means includes means for controlling the active switches by modulating the desired stator voltages with a triangular carrier wave.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
277 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and controlling stator voltages when the generator is operating at higher rotational speeds, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator currents or voltages, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents or voltages that correspond to the desired stator currents or voltages.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
277 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator electrical quantities for each phase of the generator to establish a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; stator current sensors operable for sensing stator currents; torque monitor means responsive to sensed stator currents for determining a measure of generator torque; pitch sensing means for sensing the pitch of the turbine blade; rotor speed sensor means for sensing the speed of the generator rotor; torque command means responsive to the generator torque, blade pitch, and rotor speed for defining a torque reference signal; and generator controller means coupled to the active switches for controlling stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and controlling stator voltages when the generator is operating at higher rotational speeds, wherein the generator controller means includes processor means responsive to the torque reference signal and the rotor speed for defining a flux-producing desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and a torque-producing desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to the rotor flux field, the processor means including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from field coordinates into stator coordinates to define desired stator currents or voltages, and includes modulation means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents or voltages that correspond to the desired stator currents or voltages.
Claim 111
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the generator includes a stator and a rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: during low speed operation of the generator, controlling the orientation of a rotor flux field with respect to the rotor by switching the active rectifier to regulate currents in the stator; determining when the generator commences operation at a higher speed above the low speed; during the higher speed operation of the generator, controlling the orientation of the rotor flux field with respect to the rotor by switching the active rectifier to regulate voltages in the stator.
Claim 112
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having a generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the generator includes a stator and a rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: during low speed operation of the generator, controlling the orientation of a rotor flux field with respect to the rotor by switching the active rectifier to regulate currents in the stator; determining when the generator commences operation at a higher speed above the low speed; during the higher speed operation of the generator, controlling the orientation of the rotor flux field with respect to the rotor by switching the active rectifier to regulate voltages in the stator.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 90 wherein the step of switching the active rectifier to regulate currents includes the steps of sensing the stator currents, defining desired stator currents, and minimizing a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of error between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 90 wherein the step of switching the active rectifier to regulate voltages includes the steps of defining desired stator voltages and controlling the active switches by modulating the desired stator voltages with a triangular carrier wave.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 90 further comprising the steps of sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor and switching between regulating currents and regulating voltages according to the sensed rotor speed.
Claim 116
Independent Claim
215 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the generator includes a stator and a rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; during low speed operation of the generator, converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents and controlling the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents; determining when the generator commences operation at a higher speed above the low speed as a function of rotor speed; and during the higher speed operation of the generator, converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages and controlling the active rectifier to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 117
Independent Claim
215 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the generator includes a stator and a rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; during low speed operation of the generator, converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents and controlling the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents; determining when the generator commences operation at a higher speed above the low speed as a function of rotor speed; and during the higher speed operation of the generator, converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator voltages and controlling the active rectifier to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 94 wherein the step of controlling the active rectifier to regulate currents includes the steps of sensing the stator currents and minimizing a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of error between the sensed and desired stator currents.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 94 wherein the step of controlling the active rectifier to regulate voltages includes the step controlling the active switches by modulating the desired stator voltages with a triangular carrier wave.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine as recited in claim 94 further comprising the step switching between regulating currents and regulating voltages according to the sensed rotor speed.
Claim 121
Independent Claim
252 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; sensing the generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and into desired stator voltages when the generator is operating at higher rotational speeds; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents at the low rotational speeds and to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages at the higher rotational speeds.
Claim 122
Independent Claim
252 words
A method for controlling torque in a wind turbine having an induction generator coupled to an active rectifier, wherein the active rectifier establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising of the steps of: sensing stator currents; sensing the generator torque by converting the sensed stator currents into a quadrature axis current normal to the rotor flux field; sensing the pitch angle of the turbine blade; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque in response to the sensed generator torque, pitch angle, and rotational speed; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; periodically defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; periodically converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents when the generator is operating at low rotational speeds and into desired stator voltages when the generator is operating at higher rotational speeds; and periodically supplying pulse width modulation signals to the active rectifier to produce stator currents that correspond to the desired stator currents at the low rotational speeds and to produce stator voltages that correspond to the desired stator voltages at the higher rotational speeds.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
131 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; means coupled to the power converter for sensing stator currents; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the stator currents, including means for defining desired stator currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual stator currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
131 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; means coupled to the power converter for sensing stator currents; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the stator currents, including means for defining desired stator currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual stator currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
40 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 99 wherein the generator controller means further includes means for periodically computing a distortion index for each combination of switch states and for periodically selecting a switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
67 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 99 wherein the generator controller means further includes means for converting the desired stator currents into desired stator voltages, means for comparing the desired stator voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the active switches, and means for choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
24 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 99 wherein the distortion index is proportional to the sum of the squares of the current errors.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
28 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 99 wherein the distortion index is proportional to the sum of the sum of the absolute value of the current errors.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
138 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; power converter means coupled to the generator for converting the power generated by the generator to DC and then to a fixed frequency AC output, wherein the power converter means includes a bridge inverter having active switches and operable for controlling output currents; means for sensing output currents; and inverter controller means coupled to the bridge inverter for controlling the output currents, including means for defining desired output currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual output currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce output currents that minimize the distortion index.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
138 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; power converter means coupled to the generator for converting the power generated by the generator to DC and then to a fixed frequency AC output, wherein the power converter means includes a bridge inverter having active switches and operable for controlling output currents; means for sensing output currents; and inverter controller means coupled to the bridge inverter for controlling the output currents, including means for defining desired output currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual output currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce output currents that minimize the distortion index.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
40 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 104 wherein the inverter controller means further includes means for periodically computing a distortion index for each combination of switch states and for periodically selecting a switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
67 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 104 wherein the inverter controller means further includes means for converting the desired output currents into desired output voltages, means for comparing the desired output voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the active switches, and means for choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired output voltages.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
24 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 104 wherein the distortion index is proportional to the sum of the squares of the current errors.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
28 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 104 wherein the distortion index is proportional to the sum of the sum of the absolute value of the current errors.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
267 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator and for establishing a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining a rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; means coupled to the power converter for sensing stator currents; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the stator currents, including means for defining desired stator currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual stator currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index; and wherein the means for defining desired stator currents includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from the field coordinates into stator coordinates to define the desired stator currents.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
267 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a stator and a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter including active switches operable for controlling stator currents for each phase of the generator and for establishing a rotating flux field in the generator rotor; rotor speed sensor means for monitoring the speed of the generator rotor and for defining a rotor speed signal in accordance therewith; torque command means associated with turbine parameter sensors for defining a torque reference signal; means coupled to the power converter for sensing stator currents; and generator controller means coupled to the power converter for controlling the stator currents, including means for defining desired stator currents, means for periodically determining a distortion index indicative of errors between desired and actual stator currents, and means for controlling the active switches to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index; and wherein the means for defining desired stator currents includes field orientation means for defining the magnitude of the rotor flux field as a function of a desired direct axis current in rotating field coordinates aligned with the direction of the rotor flux field and for converting the torque reference and rotor speed signals into a desired quadrature axis current in field coordinates oriented normal to a rotor flux vector, and including means for periodically determining an instantaneous rotor flux angle and converting the desired direct and quadrature axis currents from the field coordinates into stator coordinates to define the desired stator currents.
Claim 137
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for controlling stator currents in a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds to obtain torque control of the generator, wherein the stator currents are switched by an active rectifier, the method comprising the steps of: determining desired stator currents; sensing the actual stator currents; and switching the active rectifier to produce stator currents that minimize a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired stator currents.
Claim 138
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for controlling stator currents in a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds to obtain torque control of the generator, wherein the stator currents are switched by an active rectifier, the method comprising the steps of: determining desired stator currents; sensing the actual stator currents; and switching the active rectifier to produce stator currents that minimize a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired stator currents.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method for controlling stator currents as recited in claim 110 further comprising the step of periodically computing a distortion index for each combination of switch states and selecting a switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
62 words
A method for controlling stator currents as recited in claim 110 further comprising the steps of converting the desired stator currents into desired stator voltages, comparing the desired stator voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the active switches, and choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired stator voltages.
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method for controlling stator currents as recited in claim 110 further comprising the step of computing a distortion index that is proportional to the sum of the squares of the current errors.
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method for controlling stator currents as recited in claim 110 further comprising the step of computing a distortion index that is proportional to the sum of the sum of the absolute value of the current errors.
Claim 143
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for controlling output currents generated by a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds, wherein the output currents are switched by a bridge inverter coupled to a DC voltage source powered by the generator, the method comprising the steps of: determining desired output currents; sensing the actual output currents; and switching the bridge inverter to produce output currents that minimize a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired output currents.
Claim 144
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for controlling output currents generated by a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds, wherein the output currents are switched by a bridge inverter coupled to a DC voltage source powered by the generator, the method comprising the steps of: determining desired output currents; sensing the actual output currents; and switching the bridge inverter to produce output currents that minimize a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired output currents.
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method for controlling output currents as recited in claim 115 further comprising the step of periodically computing a distortion index for each combination of switch states of the bridge inverter and selecting a switch state that minimizes the distortion index.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
62 words
A method for controlling output currents as recited in claim 115 further comprising the steps of converting the desired output currents into desired output voltages, comparing the desired output voltages to the voltages that would result from each combination of switch states of the bridge inverter, and choosing the switch state having associated voltages that are nearest to the desired output voltages.
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method for controlling output currents as recited in claim 115 further comprising the step of computing a distortion index that is proportional to the sum of the squares of the current errors.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method for controlling output currents as recited in claim 115 further comprising the step of computing a distortion index that is proportional to the sum of the sum of the absolute value of the current errors.
Claim 149
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for controlling stator currents in a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds to obtain torque control of the generator, wherein the stator currents are switched by an active rectifier that establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; sensing the actual stator currents; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; determining a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired stator currents; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index
Claim 150
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for controlling stator currents in a wind turbine generator rotating at variable speeds to obtain torque control of the generator, wherein the stator currents are switched by an active rectifier that establishes a rotating flux field in the generator rotor, the method comprising the steps of: defining a torque reference signal indicative of a desired generator torque; determining a desired direct axis current representing rotor flux in a direction aligned with the rotor flux field in a rotating field coordinate system; converting the torque reference signal into a desired quadrature axis current representing rotor torque, wherein the quadrature axis current is normal to the rotor flux field in the field coordinate system; sensing the rotational speed of the generator rotor; sensing the actual stator currents; defining a rotor flux angle indicative of the instantaneous position of the rotor flux field; converting the desired quadrature and direct axis currents into desired stator currents in a stationary stator coordinate system using the rotor flux angle; determining a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of current errors between the actual and desired stator currents; and supplying pulse width modulation signals to the switches of the active rectifier to produce stator currents that minimize the distortion index
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
98 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter for converting variable frequency electricity generated by the generator into fixed frequency electricity, the power converter including an inverter for supplying output electricity, wherein the inverter has active switches; and inverter controller means coupled to the inverter and responsive to a power factor control signal for controlling the active switches to supply electricity at a desired angle between voltage and current.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
98 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter for converting variable frequency electricity generated by the generator into fixed frequency electricity, the power converter including an inverter for supplying output electricity, wherein the inverter has active switches; and inverter controller means coupled to the inverter and responsive to a power factor control signal for controlling the active switches to supply electricity at a desired angle between voltage and current.
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
48 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 121 wherein the power factor control signal specifies a desired level of reactive power, and wherein the inverter controller further includes means for controlling the transfer of real power so that the output currents provide the desired level of reactive power.
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
27 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 121 wherein the power factor control signal specifies a desired angular relationship between voltage and current of the output electricity.
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
38 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 121 further comprising output current sensors operable for sensing output currents, wherein the inverter controller means further includes means responsive to the power factor control signal for supplying desired output currents.
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
34 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 124 wherein the inverter controller means further includes means for minimizing a distortion index indicating the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired output currents.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
66 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 125 wherein the means for supplying desired output currents includes means for creating a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity, means responsive to the power factor control signal for defining a template waveform that is offset from the reference waveform by a desired phase angle, and means for converting the template waveform into the desired output currents.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
37 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 126 wherein the means for creating the sinusoidal reference waveform includes means for sensing the voltages of the output electricity and for defining the reference waveform from the output voltages.
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
40 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 126 wherein the means for defining a template waveform includes processor means for periodically calculating the template waveform by shifting the reference waveform by an angle specified by the power factor control signal.
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
43 words
A wind turbine as recited in claim 126 further comprising means for regulating the voltage at the input of the inverters by multiplying the template waveform before conversion into the desired output currents by a control variable indicative of the inverter input voltage.
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
274 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter for converting variable frequency electricity generated by the generator into fixed frequency electricity, the power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator current therebetween, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter current therebetween; output current sensors operable for sensing output currents; and an inverter controller coupled to the inverter and responsive to a power factor control signal for controlling the inverter switches to supply output electricity at a desired angle between voltage and current, wherein the inverter controller includes means for creating a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity, means responsive to the power factor control signal for defining a template waveform that is offset from the reference waveform by a desired phase angle, means responsive to the voltage of the DC voltage link for multiplying the template waveform by a control variable indicative of the inverter input voltage, means for converting the multiplied template waveform into the desired output currents, and means for controlling the active switches of the inverter to produce output currents that correspond to the desired output currents.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
274 words
A variable speed wind turbine comprising: a turbine rotor including at least one blade mounted to a rotatable shaft; a multiphase induction generator having a rotor coupled to the turbine shaft for rotation therewith; a power converter for converting variable frequency electricity generated by the generator into fixed frequency electricity, the power converter including a rectifier, inverter, and DC voltage link coupled between the rectifier and inverter, wherein the rectifier includes a pair of active switches for each phase of the generator coupled between the DC voltage link and a stator power tap and operable for switching stator current therebetween, and wherein the inverter includes a pair of active switches for each phase of output power coupled between the DC voltage link and an output tap and operable for switching inverter current therebetween; output current sensors operable for sensing output currents; and an inverter controller coupled to the inverter and responsive to a power factor control signal for controlling the inverter switches to supply output electricity at a desired angle between voltage and current, wherein the inverter controller includes means for creating a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity, means responsive to the power factor control signal for defining a template waveform that is offset from the reference waveform by a desired phase angle, means responsive to the voltage of the DC voltage link for multiplying the template waveform by a control variable indicative of the inverter input voltage, means for converting the multiplied template waveform into the desired output currents, and means for controlling the active switches of the inverter to produce output currents that correspond to the desired output currents.
Claim 163
Independent Claim
91 words
A method for converting electricity generated by a variable speed wind turbine into fixed frequency output electricity, wherein the wind turbine includes a generator and means for supplying generated electricity to power converter that includes a switched inverter supplying the output electricity, the method comprising the steps of: forming a reference waveform; rotating the reference waveform by a selected power factor angle to yield a template waveform; using the template waveform to define desired output currents; and controlling the switched inverter to produce output currents corresponding to the desired output currents.
Claim 164
Independent Claim
91 words
A method for converting electricity generated by a variable speed wind turbine into fixed frequency output electricity, wherein the wind turbine includes a generator and means for supplying generated electricity to power converter that includes a switched inverter supplying the output electricity, the method comprising the steps of: forming a reference waveform; rotating the reference waveform by a selected power factor angle to yield a template waveform; using the template waveform to define desired output currents; and controlling the switched inverter to produce output currents corresponding to the desired output currents.
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 131 further comprising the steps of sensing the level of reactive power in the output electricity, and selecting the power factor angle according to a desired level of reactive power.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 131 further comprising the steps of sensing output currents and minimizing a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired output currents.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 131 further comprising the steps of creating a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity, defining a template waveform that is offset from the reference waveform by the power factor angle, and converting the template waveform into the desired output currents.
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 134 wherein the step of creating a reference waveform includes the steps of sensing the voltages of the output electricity and defining the reference waveform from the sensed output voltages.
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 134 wherein the step of defining a template waveform includes the step of periodically calculating the template waveform by shifting the reference waveform by the power factor angle.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method for converting electricity as recited in claim 134 further comprising the step of regulating the voltage at the input of the inverters by multiplying the template waveform before conversion into the desired output currents by a control variable indicative of the inverter input voltage.
Claim 171
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for converting electricity generated by a variable speed wind turbine into fixed frequency output electricity, wherein the wind turbine includes a generator and means for supplying generated electricity to power converter that includes a switched inverter supplying the output electricity, the method comprising the steps of: forming a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity; rotating the reference waveform by a selected power factor angle to yield a template waveform; sensing the input voltage to the inverter and defining a current control signal in response thereto; multiplying the template waveform by the current control signal to define desired output currents; sensing the output currents; and controlling the switched inverter to produce output currents corresponding to the desired output currents by minimizing a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired output currents.
Claim 172
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for converting electricity generated by a variable speed wind turbine into fixed frequency output electricity, wherein the wind turbine includes a generator and means for supplying generated electricity to power converter that includes a switched inverter supplying the output electricity, the method comprising the steps of: forming a sinusoidal reference waveform synchronized with the output electricity; rotating the reference waveform by a selected power factor angle to yield a template waveform; sensing the input voltage to the inverter and defining a current control signal in response thereto; multiplying the template waveform by the current control signal to define desired output currents; sensing the output currents; and controlling the switched inverter to produce output currents corresponding to the desired output currents by minimizing a distortion index indicative of the magnitude of current errors between the sensed and desired output currents.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-07-22 | 1996-01-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-01-20 | 1999-07-22 | 2000-01-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-01-20 | 2003-07-22 | 2004-01-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |