US5081649A
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Method of quadrature-phase amplitude modulation
Assignee: Nortel Networks Ltd
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Filing: 1989-06-01
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Granted: 1992-01-14
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Expires: 2009-06-01
Abstract
Abstract A rectangular array of signal points forming a QAM signal point constellation is modified by relocating signal points from adjacent corners of the rectangular array to positions extrapolated from the rectangular array and at reduced distances from the origin, corresponding to reduced peak amplitude levels. The location is effected in a manner to maintain, at least for a majority of the relocated points, a Hamming distance of one. To this end for a constellation of 2 2n+1 points, with n=4 or more and points with I and Q amplitudes 1, 3, 5 . . . units in the rectangular array, a plurality of points in each quandrant are relocated to positions, relative to positions which they would have in the rectangular array, rotated through an angle of 180° about a point having I and Q amplitude co-ordinates of (2 n , 2 n ). In addition, in each quadrant each of a plurality of the signal points which are relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, in which one of its I and Q amplitude co-ordinates is increased by 2 n and the other is reduced by 2 n . Specific examples are described for 512-QAM (n=4).
Inventors
- 👤 Paul A. Kennard
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 20:41
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L27/00; H04L27/32; H04L27/34; H04L27/3405; H04L27/3411
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
192 words
A method of quadrature-phase amplitude modulation comprising the step of amplitude modulating two carrier signal components I and Q in phase quadrature in accordance with signal points in a signal point constellation, the signal point constellation comprising 2 2n+1 signal points, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 4, arranged in a modified rectangular array with substantially 2 2n-1 points in each of four quadrants defined by I and Q axes intersecting at an origin of a phase-plane diagram, the signal points in each quadrant of the array having I and Q component amplitudes of 1,3,5, . . . units, the rectangular array being modified by relocating a plurality of points in each quadrant from positions adjacent to a corner of the rectangle to positions extrapolated from the rectangular array and having reduced distances from the origin, wherein in each quadrant each of a majority of the points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, rotated through an angle of 180° about a point having I and Q amplitude co-ordinates of substantially (2 n ,2 n ).
Claim 2
Independent Claim
192 words
A method of quadrature-phase amplitude modulation comprising the step of amplitude modulating two carrier signal components I and Q in phase quadrature in accordance with signal points in a signal point constellation, the signal point constellation comprising 2 2n+1 signal points, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 4, arranged in a modified rectangular array with substantially 2 2n-1 points in each of four quadrants defined by I and Q axes intersecting at an origin of a phase-plane diagram, the signal points in each quadrant of the array having I and Q component amplitudes of 1,3,5, . . . units, the rectangular array being modified by relocating a plurality of points in each quadrant from positions adjacent to a corner of the rectangle to positions extrapolated from the rectangular array and having reduced distances from the origin, wherein in each quadrant each of a majority of the points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, rotated through an angle of 180° about a point having I and Q amplitude co-ordinates of substantially (2 n ,2 n ).
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
63 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in each quadrant each of a plurality of the signal points which are relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, in which one of its I and Q amplitude co-ordinates is increased by 2 n and the other is reduced by 2 n .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
9 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein n=4.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein 32 signal points are relocated in each quadrant.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said majority of the relocated points comprises 22 points each quadrant.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said plurality of signal points which are relocated each with one of its I and Q amplitude co-ordinates increased by 2 n and the other reduced by 2 n comprises 8 signal points in each quadrant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signal point constellation is symmetrical about the I and Q axes and about lines passing through the origin at angles of 45° with respect to the I and Q axes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the signal point constellation is symmetrical about the I and Q axes and about lines passing through the origin at angles of 45° with respect to the I and Q axes.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the signal point constellation is symmetrical about the I and Q axes and about lines passing through the origin at angles of 45° with respect to the I and Q axes.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein n=4 and the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is not more than about √666 units.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is not more than about √666 units.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein n=4 and the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is substantially √650 units.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is substantially √650 units.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
223 words
A method of quadrature-phase amplitude modulation comprising the step of amplitude modulating two carrier signal components I and Q in phase quadrature in accordance with signal points in a signal point constellation, the signal point constellation comprising 512 signal points arranged in a modified rectangular array with 128 points in each of four quadrants defined by I and Q axes intersecting at an origin of a phase-plane diagram, the signal points in each quadrant of the array having I and Q component amplitudes of 1, 3, 5, . . . units, the rectangular array being modified by relocating 32 points in each quadrant from positions adjacent to a corner of the rectangle to positions extrapolated from the rectangular array and having reduced distances from the origin, wherein in each quadrant: each of about 22 points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, rotated through an angle of 180° about a point having I and Q amplitude co-ordinates of substantially (16,16); and each of at least about 8 other points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, in which one of its I and Q amplitude co-ordinates is increased by 16 units and the other is reduced by 16 units.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
223 words
A method of quadrature-phase amplitude modulation comprising the step of amplitude modulating two carrier signal components I and Q in phase quadrature in accordance with signal points in a signal point constellation, the signal point constellation comprising 512 signal points arranged in a modified rectangular array with 128 points in each of four quadrants defined by I and Q axes intersecting at an origin of a phase-plane diagram, the signal points in each quadrant of the array having I and Q component amplitudes of 1, 3, 5, . . . units, the rectangular array being modified by relocating 32 points in each quadrant from positions adjacent to a corner of the rectangle to positions extrapolated from the rectangular array and having reduced distances from the origin, wherein in each quadrant: each of about 22 points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, rotated through an angle of 180° about a point having I and Q amplitude co-ordinates of substantially (16,16); and each of at least about 8 other points so relocated is located in a position, relative to the position which it would have in the rectangular array, in which one of its I and Q amplitude co-ordinates is increased by 16 units and the other is reduced by 16 units.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the signal point constellation is symmetrical about the I and Q axes and about lines passing through the origin at angles of 45° with respect to the I and Q axes.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is substantially √650 units.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as claimed in claim 16 wherein two further ones of the points which are so relocated are relocated from positions with co-ordinates (27,1) and (31,5) to positions with co-ordinates (11,23) and (9,21) respectively.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is substantially √650 units.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the greatest distance of any signal point from the origin is not more than about √666 units.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-01-13 | 1995-07-15 | 1996-01-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-01-13 | 1999-07-15 | 2000-01-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-07-15 | 2004-01-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |