Flc device with color filter and insulating protection layer with pencil hardness of at least hb

Claim 2

A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising: a liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates, each said substrate having an electrode thereon and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates having thereon a color filter layer and an insulating protection layer with a pencil hardness of HB or harder covering the color filter layer for preventing direct contact between the color filter layer and the ferroelectric liquid crystal, wherein the electrode is disposed closer to the ferroelectric liquid crystal than the color filter layer, said liquid crystal device further comprising spacer beads disposed between the substrates at an average of more than 15 beads/mm 2 , thereby providing a substantially uniform thickness of said ferroelectric liquid crystal. means for applying to said electrodes in a selecting period a first voltage of at least one threshold voltage providing one orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a second voltage of at least another threshold voltage providing another orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and for applying to said electrodes in a non-selecting period a third voltage between one and the other threshold voltages of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Claim 3

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ferroelectric liquid crystal is a chiral smectic liquid crystal.

Claim 4

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said ferroelectric liquid crystal is disposed in a layer thin enough to unwind the helical structure of the chiral smectic liquid crystal.

Claim 5

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said color filter layer was provided to each pixel so as to define a color pixel unit.

Claim 6

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said at least one substrate has three types of color pixels units including a blue color pixel unit, a green color pixel unit and a red color pixel unit.

Claim 7

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said protection layer comprises a film of an inorganic insulating material.

Claim 8

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said inorganic insulating material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium fluoride.

Claim 9

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said protection layer comprises a film of an organic insulating material.

Claim 10

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said organic insulating material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polyimide, polyparaxylylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, thermosetting acrylic resin, polyethylene and rubber-type photoresist.

Claim 11

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said color filter layer comprises colored polyimide, colored polyamide, colored polyamideimide, colored polyesterimide or colored polyester.

Claim 12

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said color filter layer comprises a dye or pigment which is not mutually soluble with the material constituting said protection layer.

Claim 13

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, which further comprises an alignment control film having a uniaxial orientation axis disposed on the electrode.

Claim 14

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said uniaxial orientation axis is a rubbing-treated axis.

Claim 15

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said insulating protection layer is disposed between the electrode and the color filter layer.

Claim 16

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said insulating protection layer is disposed on the electrode and the color filter layer.

Claim 17

A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising: a liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates respectively having scanning electrodes and signal electrodes which intersect with each other, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, at lest one of the substrates having thereon a color filter layer, and an insulating protection layer having a pencil hardness of HB or harder covering the color filter layer for preventing direct contact between the color filter layer and the ferroelectric liquid crystal wherein the electrode is disposed closer to the ferroelectric liquid crystal than the color filter layer, said liquid crystal device further comprising spacer beads disposed between the substrates at an average of more than 15 beads/mm 2 , whereby said ferroelectric liquid crystal has a substantially uniform thickness; means for applying a scanning selection signal having one and the other polarity voltage relative to a scanning non-selection signal, for applying a first voltage of at least one threshold voltage providing one orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to a selected intersecting point on a selected scanning line, for applying a second voltage of at least another threshold voltage providing another orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to a non-selected intersecting point, and for applying a third voltage between one and the other threshold voltage of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to an intersecting point on a non-selected scanning line.

Claim 18

A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising: a liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates respectively having scanning electrodes and signal electrodes which intersect with each other, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, at lest one of the substrates having thereon a color filter layer, and an insulating protection layer having a pencil hardness of HB or harder covering the color filter layer for preventing direct contact between the color filter layer and the ferroelectric liquid crystal wherein the electrode is disposed closer to the ferroelectric liquid crystal than the color filter layer, said liquid crystal device further comprising spacer beads disposed between the substrates at an average of more than 15 beads/mm 2 , whereby said ferroelectric liquid crystal has a substantially uniform thickness; means for applying a scanning selection signal having one and the other polarity voltage relative to a scanning non-selection signal, for applying a first voltage of at least one threshold voltage providing one orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to a selected intersecting point on a selected scanning line, for applying a second voltage of at least another threshold voltage providing another orientation state of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to a non-selected intersecting point, and for applying a third voltage between one and the other threshold voltage of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to an intersecting point on a non-selected scanning line.

Claim 19

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said ferroelectric liquid crystal is a chiral smectic liquid crystal.

Claim 20

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said ferroelectric liquid crystal is disposed in a layer thin enough to unwind the helical structure of the chiral smectic liquid crystal.

Claim 21

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said particulate spacers comprises alumina beads, glass beads, silica beads, or plastic beads.

Claim 22

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 16, which further comprises an alignment control film having a uniaxial orientation axis disposed on the scanning or signal electrodes.

Claim 23

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said uniaxial orientation axis is a rubbing-treated axis.

Claim 24

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said insulating protection layer is disposed between the electrode and the color filter layer.

Claim 25

A liquid crystal apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said insulating protection layer is disposed on the electrode and the color filter layer.