Highly effective polarizers

Claim 2

A highly effective polarizer having a stretch ratio ε of more than 300%, which is made from a polyacetylene-containing polymer product having a matrix of pure polyvinylalcohol (PVS) with a degree of saponification of 90-100% and with a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 95% and a dichoric ratio Q E over almost the entire wavelength range of visible light, from 400 to 800 nm, of Q E =quotient of the extinction in the blocked position to the extinction in the transmission position=10 or greater in the form of a stretched film.

Claim 3

The plarizer of claim 1 with a stretch ratio ε of at least 500%.

Claim 4

The polarizer of claim 2 with a stretch ratio ε of cat least 600%.

Claim 5

The polarizer of claim 1 with a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 98% and a maximum Q E value of 15 and above.

Claim 6

The polarizer of cliam 4 with a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 99%.

Claim 7

The polarizer of cliam 4 with a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 99%.

Claim 8

The polarizer of claim 5 with a maximum degree of polarization P of at least 99.5%.

Claim 9

The polarizer of claim 4 with a maximum Q E value of 20 and above.

Claim 10

The polarizer of claim 7 with a maximum Q E value of 30 and above.

Claim 11

The polarizer of claim 8 with a maximum Q E value of 40 and above.

Claim 12

A highly effective polarier having a stretch ratio ε of more than 300%, which can be prepared by polymerizing acetylene at 20°-120° C. for a period of 5-1,000 sec. in the solution of a pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVS) with a degree of saponification of 90-100% in a cyclic, N-alkylsubistituted lactam or a cyclic N,N'-dialkylsubstituted urea as solvent in the presencde of 10 "1 to 10 -5 moles of a nickel catalyst per liter of polymerization ingredients, the nickel catalyst being obtained by reacting a nickel (O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel (O) compound with phosphorous compounds of the formulae ##STR6## in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently of one another denote C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy or C 7 -C 15 -aralkyl, denotes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 independently of one represent C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl or C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy and additionally R 7 can denote hydrogen, R 8 can denote hydrogen or acyl and R 9 and R 10 independently of one another can denote hydrogen, silyl, acyl, nitrophenyl, cyano or R 1 , or in the presence of nickel catalysts which can be prepared by reacting a nickel(O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel(O) compound with an adduct or a mixture of a quinonoid compound and a phosphine of the formula ##STR7## in which R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the above meaning, and of a compound of the formula (I), processing the polymer into a film and stretching the said film.

Claim 13

A highly effective polarier having a stretch ratio ε of more than 300%, which can be prepared by polymerizing acetylene at 20°-120° C. for a period of 5-1,000 sec. in the solution of a pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVS) with a degree of saponification of 90-100% in a cyclic, N-alkylsubistituted lactam or a cyclic N,N'-dialkylsubstituted urea as solvent in the presencde of 10 "1 to 10 -5 moles of a nickel catalyst per liter of polymerization ingredients, the nickel catalyst being obtained by reacting a nickel (O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel (O) compound with phosphorous compounds of the formulae ##STR6## in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently of one another denote C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy or C 7 -C 15 -aralkyl, denotes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 independently of one represent C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl or C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy and additionally R 7 can denote hydrogen, R 8 can denote hydrogen or acyl and R 9 and R 10 independently of one another can denote hydrogen, silyl, acyl, nitrophenyl, cyano or R 1 , or in the presence of nickel catalysts which can be prepared by reacting a nickel(O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel(O) compound with an adduct or a mixture of a quinonoid compound and a phosphine of the formula ##STR7## in which R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the above meaning, and of a compound of the formula (I), processing the polymer into a film and stretching the said film.

Claim 14

The polarizer of claim 10, wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a nickel catalyst which is obtained by reacting a nickel(O) compound with phosphorus compounds of the formula ##STR8## in which R 11 , R 12 and R 13 independently of one another denote C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, R 14 represents hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or phenyl, R 15 , R 16 and R 17 independently of one another denote C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or phenyl, and R 17 may additionally denote hydrogen or acyl, R 18 denotes hydrogen or phenyl and R 19 represents phenyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or to the use of nickel catalysts which can be prepared by reacting a nickel(O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel(O) compound with an adduct or a mixture of benzoquinone and a phosphine of the formula ##STR9## in which R 15 and R 16 have the above meaning, and of a compound of the formula (IV).

Claim 15

The polarizer of cliam 11, wherein the polymeization is carried out in the presence of an ickel catalyst which is obtained by reacting a nickel(O) compound with phosphorus compounds of the formulae ##STR10## are used, in which R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 17 have the meaning given in claim 5, or in the presence of nickel catalysts which can be prepared by reacting a nickel(O) compound or a compound which can be converted in situ into a nickel(O) compound with an adduct or a mixture of benzoquinone and triphenylphosphine and of a compound of the formula (VII).

Claim 16

The polarizer of claim 10 having a stretch ratio of at least 500%.

Claim 17

The polarizer of claim 13 having a stretch ratio ε of at least 600%.

Claim 18

The polarizer of claim 10 for which the polymerization is carried out for a period of 5 to 600 seconds.

Claim 19

The polarizer of claim 10 having adhesive layers applied on one or both sides, which can bear outer layers.