Patent US5065334A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5065334A
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US
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Method and apparatus for distinguishing narrowband continuous wave signals from broadband and impulsive signals
Assignee: HP Inc
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Filing: 1989-04-28
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Granted: 1991-11-12
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Expires: 2009-04-28
Abstract
Abstract Received signals preferably have a stable frequency spectrum over a frequency span derived from a resolution bandpass filter. Furthermore, the frequency span has a plurality of discrete frequency measurements across the frequency span. It is desired to determine which of the discrete frequencies correspond to peaks in the frequency spectrum. Each peak is integrated to initially determine which of the peaks are from narrowband continuous wave signals by comparing the aspect ratio of the peaks with the aspect ratio of a resolution bandpass filter. Those peaks which fail the aspect ratio test are discarded from the frequency spectrum. The remaining peaks are then fitted to a second order polynomial curve to finally determine whether they are due to narrowband continuous wave signals. The peaks which do not fit the curve are labeled as broadband.
Inventors
- 👤 John B. Taylor
- 👤 Michael K. Ellis
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 07:22
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R23/00; G01R23/16; G01R23/165
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A method of distinguishing narrowband continuous wave signals from broadband and impulsive signals, the narrowband continuous wave signals having a stable frequency spectrum over a predetermined frequency span derived from a resolution bandpass filter, the frequency span having a plurality of discrete frequencies, comprising the steps of: providing an electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter having a resolution bandwidth; capturing signals comprising the frequency spectrum over the predetermined frequency span by generating an electrical signal and driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across the frequency span and analyzing signals passed by the resolution bandpass filter; detecting peaks of the signals comprising the frequency spectrum; integrating each detected peak to determine which of the peaks are indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals; and discarding those peaks from the frequency spectrum indicated not to be from narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
148 words
A method of distinguishing narrowband continuous wave signals from broadband and impulsive signals, the narrowband continuous wave signals having a stable frequency spectrum over a predetermined frequency span derived from a resolution bandpass filter, the frequency span having a plurality of discrete frequencies, comprising the steps of: providing an electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter having a resolution bandwidth; capturing signals comprising the frequency spectrum over the predetermined frequency span by generating an electrical signal and driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across the frequency span and analyzing signals passed by the resolution bandpass filter; detecting peaks of the signals comprising the frequency spectrum; integrating each detected peak to determine which of the peaks are indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals; and discarding those peaks from the frequency spectrum indicated not to be from narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method recited in claim 1 further comprising the step of subsequently fitting non-discarded peaks to a predetermined curve to finally determine those peaks that are from narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method recited in claim 2 further comprising the step of ascertaining which discrete frequencies correspond to peaks that are from narrowband continuous wave signals in the measured frequency spectrum after those peaks are labeled.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method recited in claim 3 wherein the ascertaining step comprises comparing each discrete frequency in the predetermined frequency span to its adjacent neighbors to determine each frequency which exhibits a predetermined change from its adjacent neighbors thereby defining the peaks in the frequency spectrum.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method recited in claim 4 wherein there are approximately 1000 discrete frequencies in the predetermined frequency span.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method recited in claim 5 wherein the predetermined change is approximately 10 dB.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method recited in claim 6 wherein the integrating step comprises: determining the area under each peak to obtain an equivalent rectangular bandwidth for each peak; comparing each equivalent rectangular bandwidth for each peak to a predetermined bandwidth; and wherein the discarding step comprises: eliminating each peak from the frequency spectrum having an equivalent rectangular bandwidth greater than the predetermined bandwidth.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method recited in claim 7 wherein the predetermined bandwidth corresponds to the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method recited in claim 8 wherein the ascertaining step is carried out over a predetermined frequency span that allows the measured frequency spectrum to describe a shape associated with the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method recited in claim 9 wherein a ratio of the predetermined frequency span to resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter is chosen not to exceed 75.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
93 words
The method recited in claim 10 wherein the fitting step comprises: approximating a response of the resolution bandpass filter as a reference; determining a resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter response reference; approximating a shape for each peak indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals; determining a bandwidth for each approximated peak; and comparing the bandwidth for each approximated peak to the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter response reference to determine if each peak indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals is from a narrowband continuous wave signal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
90 words
The method recited in claim 11 wherein the approximation of the response of the resolution bandpass filter is a second order polynomial of the form: Δ=C.sub.0 +C.sub.1 (Δω)+C.sub.2 (Δω).sup.2, wherein Δ is the approximation of the response of the resolution bandpass filter, C 0 , C 1 , and C 2 are weighting coefficients calculated from the detected peaks with C 2 being a measure of the curvature of the shape of the resolution bandpass filter, and Δω is the deviation from the center frequency of the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method recited in claim 12 wherein the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter response reference is determined by the following relationship: BW=2√(Δ)/C.sub.2 ; wherein BW is the bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method recited in claim 13 wherein the approximated shape for each peak indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals is a second order polynomial.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
72 words
The method recited in claim 14 wherein the step of comparing the bandwidth for each approximated peak to the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter response reference to determine if each peak indicated to be from narrowband continuous wave signals is from a narrowband continuous wave signal further comprises calculating a predetermined percentage difference that the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter differs from the bandwidth for each approximated peak.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method recited in claim 15 wherein the predetermined percentage difference is correlated to a given resolution bandpass filter bandwidth error and a given level of random signal modulation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method recited in claim 16 wherein the predetermined percentage difference is approximately 35%.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
130 words
A system for distinguishing narrowband continuous wave signals from broadband and impulsive signals, comprising: electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter and means for generating an electrical signal and connected to the resolution bandpass filter for driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across a predetermined frequency span for obtaining a frequency spectrum passed by the resolution bandpass filter containing narrowband continuous wave and broadband and impulsive signals; means connected to the resolution bandpass filter for capturing signals comprising the frequency spectrum; means connected to the signal capturing means for detecting peaks of the signals of the frequency spectrum; and integrator means connected to the peak detecting means for determining whether the peaks in the frequency spectrum initially correspond to narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
130 words
A system for distinguishing narrowband continuous wave signals from broadband and impulsive signals, comprising: electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter and means for generating an electrical signal and connected to the resolution bandpass filter for driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across a predetermined frequency span for obtaining a frequency spectrum passed by the resolution bandpass filter containing narrowband continuous wave and broadband and impulsive signals; means connected to the resolution bandpass filter for capturing signals comprising the frequency spectrum; means connected to the signal capturing means for detecting peaks of the signals of the frequency spectrum; and integrator means connected to the peak detecting means for determining whether the peaks in the frequency spectrum initially correspond to narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
47 words
The system recited in claim 18 further comprising curve fitting means operatively coupled to the integrator means for fitting the peaks initially corresponding to narrowband continuous wave signals to a curve to determine which of the peaks in the frequency spectrum are from narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
40 words
The system recited in claim 19 wherein the peak detecting means comprises measurement means operatively coupled between the electromagnetic signal receiver means and the integrator means for determining the magnitude of a discrete number of peaks in the frequency spectrum.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system recited in claim 18 wherein a ratio of the predetermined frequency span to resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter does not exceed 75.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system recited in claim 20 wherein a ratio of the predetermined frequency span to resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter does not exceed 75.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system recited in claim 22 wherein the predetermined frequency span comprises approximately 1000 discrete frequencies.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
39 words
The system recited in claim 23 wherein the measurement means compares each discrete frequency with its adjacent neighbors to determine whether each discrete frequency exhibits a predetermined change, thereby defining the discrete number of peaks in the frequency spectrum.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system recited in claim 24 wherein the predetermined change is approximately 10 dB.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system recited in claim 25 wherein the integrator means determines an equivalent rectangular bandwidth for each peak and compares the equivalent rectangular bandwidth for each peak to the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
76 words
The system recited in claim 26 wherein the curve fitting means generates a second order polynomial approximation for the resolution bandwidth of the resolution bandpass filter and a second order polynomial approximation for the bandwidth of each of the peaks, and wherein the curve fitting means comprises means for calculating a percentage difference between the approximation of the bandwidth of each of the peaks and the approximation of the resolution bandwidth for the resolution bandpass filter.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system recited in claim 27 wherein the percentage difference is less than approximately 35% for narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
197 words
A method of pattern recognition of a continuous wave and frequency stable signal intermixed with broadband and impulsive signals, comprising the steps of: providing an electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter having a resolution bandwidth; obtaining a frequency spectrum of the signals over a frequency span having a plurality of discrete frequencies by generating an electrical signal and driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across the frequency span and analyzing signals passed by the resolution bandpass filter; comparing each discrete frequency with its adjacent neighbors to determine which discrete frequencies exhibit a predetermined change with respect to their adjacent neighbors, thereby defining a discrete number of peaks in the frequency spectrum; integrating each peak over its bandwidth to determine the peak's area and equivalent rectangular bandwidth; discarding each peak from the frequency spectrum that has an equivalent rectangular bandwidth greater than a minimum rectangular bandwidth; fitting the non-discarded peaks to a predetermined curve; labeling the non-discarded peaks from the frequency spectrum which do not fit the predetermined curve as broadband; and recognizing the non-discarded peaks from the frequency spectrum which fit the predetermined curve as narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
197 words
A method of pattern recognition of a continuous wave and frequency stable signal intermixed with broadband and impulsive signals, comprising the steps of: providing an electromagnetic signal receiver means comprising a resolution bandpass filter having a resolution bandwidth; obtaining a frequency spectrum of the signals over a frequency span having a plurality of discrete frequencies by generating an electrical signal and driving the resolution bandpass filter to sweep the resolution bandpass filter across the frequency span and analyzing signals passed by the resolution bandpass filter; comparing each discrete frequency with its adjacent neighbors to determine which discrete frequencies exhibit a predetermined change with respect to their adjacent neighbors, thereby defining a discrete number of peaks in the frequency spectrum; integrating each peak over its bandwidth to determine the peak's area and equivalent rectangular bandwidth; discarding each peak from the frequency spectrum that has an equivalent rectangular bandwidth greater than a minimum rectangular bandwidth; fitting the non-discarded peaks to a predetermined curve; labeling the non-discarded peaks from the frequency spectrum which do not fit the predetermined curve as broadband; and recognizing the non-discarded peaks from the frequency spectrum which fit the predetermined curve as narrowband continuous wave signals.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method recited in claim 29 wherein there are 1000 discrete frequencies in the frequency span.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method recited in claim 30 wherein the predetermined change is 10 dB.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method recited in claim 31 wherein the fitting step further comprises approximating the non-discarded peaks to a second order polynomial and determining a percentage difference between the equivalent rectangular bandwidth and an equivalent bandwidth associated with the predetermined curve.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method recited in claim 32 wherein the predetermined curve is a second order polynomial curve.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method recited in claim 33 wherein the percentage difference is less than approximately 35%.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-11-11 | 1995-05-13 | 1995-11-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-11-11 | 1999-05-13 | 1999-11-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-05-13 | 2003-11-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |