Patent US5055196A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5055196A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Extraction process to remove pcbs from soil and sludge
Assignee: ENSR Corp HOUSTON TX A CORP OF
•
Filing: 1988-12-22
•
Granted: 1991-10-08
•
Expires: 2008-12-22
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to a process for treating soil and sludge for removal of contaminants in contact with the soil or sludge. More particularly, this invention relates to a process where contaminants such as inorganic contaminants such as metal or metal salts or organic contaminants such as PCBs are removed from water-wet soil and sludge. In particular, this invention relates to a process for treating or cleaning a contaminated water-wet solid containing mixture by contacting the contaminated water-wet mixture with a solvent, the solvent containing a comminuting surfactant. The solvent used is a solvent for the contaminant and is sparingly soluble in water. The purpose of adding a comminuting surfactant to the solvent is to form a dispersed mixture of the solids, contaminants, and water whereby the contaminants are extractable into the solvent. The solvent containing the contaminants is easily separated from the solids and then the solvents and contaminants are separated and the solvent is reused. The solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon solvent containing a comminuting surfactant.
Inventors
- 👤 Saeed T. Darian
- 👤 Stephen P. Weinberg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 22:11
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/04; B; B01; B01D; B01D11/00; B01D11/02; B01D11/0215; B01D11/0253; B01D11/0257; B01D11/028; B09; B09C; B09C1/00; B09C1/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S210/00; Y10S210/902; Y10S210/908; Y10S210/909
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 138
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
A process for treating a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
88 words
A process for treating a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said solids-mixture is a soil.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said solids-mixture is a sludge.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said solids-mixture contains at least 1 wt.% water.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said process comprises physically removing physically separable water from said solids mixture prior to said contacting in step (1).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said contaminant comprises an organic contaminant or a mixture of organic contaminants.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 6, wherein said organic contaminant or mixture of organic contaminants comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 7, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is at least one of PCB, benzene, toluene and anthracene.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 7, wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon is at least one of trichloroethylene and acetone.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 7, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is PCB.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said contaminant is a metal salt.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said solids-mixture comprises solids in an amount of 10 to 20 wt.% of said solids-mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 12, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 13, wherein said hydrocarbon compound solvent is propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said solvent sparingly soluble in water is a hydrophobic solvent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 15, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a lower aliphatic or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound solvent.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said comminuting surfactant is sufficiently soluble in water to cause said contaminant to be extracted from said solids-mixture into said liquids phase.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 17, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of 1 to 6.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at an acid pH.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 19, wherein said contacting in step (1 ) is at a pH of less than 5.5.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 21, wherein said nonionic surfactant is a polyethoxy octyl phenol or a polyethoxy nonyl phenol containing 1 to 6 ethylene oxide units therein.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 21, wherein the nonionic surfactant has a hydrophillic/lipophilic balance of 4 to 10.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 21, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an adduct of a fatty acid or an amine with a polyethoxy phenolic compound.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 25, wherein said anionic surfactant is octylphenoxypolyethoxyethyl phosphate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a cationic surfactant.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 27, wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium chloride of a polypropoxy teritary amine.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said contacting in step (1) includes agitating said solids mixture.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the contacting in step (1) comprises a countercurrent contacting of said solids-mixture with said solvent in the presence of said surfactant.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
105 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solid phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; and (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquid mixture.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
105 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solid phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; and (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquid mixture.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said solids-mixture is a soil.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said solids-mixture is a sludge.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said solids-mixture contains at least 1 wt.% water.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said process comprises physically removing physically separable water from said solids mixture prior to said contacting in step (1).
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said contaminant comprises an organic contaminant or a mixture of organic contaminants.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 37, wherein said organic contaminant or mixture of organic contaminants comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 38, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is at least one of PCB, benzene, toluene and anthracene.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 38, wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon is at least one of trichloroethylene and acetone.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 38, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is PCB.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said contaminant is a metal salt.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said solids-mixture comprises solids in an amount of 10 to b 20 wt.% of said solids-mixture.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said solvent sparingly soluble in water is a hydrophobic solvent.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 44, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 46, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a lower aliphatic or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound solvent.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 45, wherein said hydrocarbon compound solvent is propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said comminuting surfactant is sufficiently soluble in water to cause said contaminant to be extracted from said solids-mixture into said liquids phase.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at an acid pH.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 49, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of 1 to 6.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 50, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of less than 5.5.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 52, wherein said nonionic surfactant is a polyethoxy octyl phenol or a polyethoxy nonyl phenol containing 1 to 6 ethylene oxide units therein.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 52, wherein the nonionic surfactant has a hydrophuilic/lipophilic balance of 4 to 10.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 52, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an adduct of a fatty acid or an amine with a polyethoxy phenolic compound.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 56, wherein said anionic surfactant is octylphenoxypolyethyl phosphate.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a cationic surfactant.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 58, wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium chloride of a polypropoxy tertiary amine.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 32, wherein said contacting in step (1) includes agitating said solids-mixture.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the contacting in step (1) comprises a countercurrent contacting of said solids-mixture with said solvent in the presence of said surfactant.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 32, wherein the contacting in step (2) is by physically separating said liquids phase from said solids phase.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 63, wherein the separating in step (2) is by gravity setting, centrifuging, hydroclone setting or a combination thereof of said liquids phase from said solids phase.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
149 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquids mixture; (3) removing the contaminant in said liquids phase from said liquids phase; and (4) recycling said liquids phase obtained after said removing of said contaminant in step (3) to said contacting step (1) as at least part of said solvent of said contacting step (1).
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
149 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising water, solids and a contaminant, said process comprising: (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquids mixture; (3) removing the contaminant in said liquids phase from said liquids phase; and (4) recycling said liquids phase obtained after said removing of said contaminant in step (3) to said contacting step (1) as at least part of said solvent of said contacting step (1).
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said solids-mixture is a soil.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said solids-mixture is a sludge.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said solids-mixture contains at least 1% water.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said process comprises physically removing physically separable water from said solids mixture prior to said contacting in step (1).
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said contaminant comprises an organic contaminant or a mixture of organic contaminants.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 70, wherein said organic contaminant or mixture of organic contaminants comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 71, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is at least one of PCB, benzene, toluene and anthracene.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 71, wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon is at least one of trichloroethylene and acetone.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 71, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is PCB.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said cibtanubabt us a metal salt.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said solids-mixture comprises solids in an amount of 10 to 20 wt.% of said solids-mixture.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said solvent sparingly soluble in water is a hydrophobic solvent.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 77, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 78, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a lower aliphatic or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound solvent.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 79, wherein said hydrocarbon compound solvent is propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said comminuting surfactant is sufficiently soluble in water to cause said contaminant to be extracted from said solids-mixture into said liquids phase.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at an acid pH.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 82, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of 1 to 6.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 83, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of less than 5.5.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 85, wherein said nonionic surfactant is a polyethoxy octyl phenol or a polyethoxy nonyl phenol containing 1 to 6 ethylene oxide units therein.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 85, wherein the nonionic surfactant has a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of 4 to 10.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 85, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an adduct of a fatty acid or an amine with a polyethoxy phenolic compound.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 89, wherein said anionic surfactant is octylphenoxypolyethoxyethyl phosphate.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a cationic surfactant.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium chloride of a polypropoxy tertiary amine.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said contacting in step (1) includes agitating said solids-mixture.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the contacting in step (1) comprises a countercurrent contacting of said solids-mixture with said solvent in the presence of said surfactant.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 65, wherein the separating in step (2) is by physically separating said liquids phase from said solids phase.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 96, wherein the separating in step (2) is by gravity setting, centrifuging, hydroclone settling or a combination thereof of said liquid phase from said solids phase.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said recovering of said solvent in step (3) is by distilling off said solvent from said liquids phase separated in step (2).
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 65, wherein said recycling of said liquids phase is with the addition of additional comminuting surfactant prior to or during said contacting in step (1).
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
180 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids-/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquids mixture. (3) removing the contaminant in said liquids phase from said liquids phase; (4) recycling said liquids phase obtained after said removing of said contaminant in step (3) to said contacting step (1) as at least part of said solvent of said contacting step (1); and (5) repeating a plurality of times and contacting in step (1), said separating in step (2), said removing in step (3) and said recycling in step (4) on said solids-mixture obtained each time in said separating in step (2).
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
180 words
A process for removing a contaminant from a solids-mixture comprising (1) contacting said solids-mixture with a solvent for said contaminant, said solvent being sparingly soluble in water, in the presence of a comminuting and dispersing surfactant to produce a solids-/liquids mixture comprising a liquids phase and a solids phase, whereby a significant portion of contaminant in said solids-mixture is extracted into the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture and the solids phase and the liquids phase of said solids/liquids mixture are readily separable; (2) separating the liquids phase from the solids phase of said solids/liquids mixture. (3) removing the contaminant in said liquids phase from said liquids phase; (4) recycling said liquids phase obtained after said removing of said contaminant in step (3) to said contacting step (1) as at least part of said solvent of said contacting step (1); and (5) repeating a plurality of times and contacting in step (1), said separating in step (2), said removing in step (3) and said recycling in step (4) on said solids-mixture obtained each time in said separating in step (2).
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said solids-mixture is a soil.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said solids-mixture is a sludge.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said solids-mixture contains at least 1 wt.% water.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said process comprises physically removing physically separable water from said solids mixture prior to said contacting in step (1).
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said contaminant comprises an organic contaminant or a mixture of organic contaminants.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 105, wherein said organic contaminant or mixture of organic contaminants comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 106, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is at least one of PCB, benzene, toluene and anthracene.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 106, wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon is at least one of trichloroethylene and acetone.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 106, wherein said aromatic hydrocarbon is PCB.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said contaminant is a metal salt.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said solids-mixture comprises solids in an amount of 10 to 20 wt.% of said solids-mixture.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said solvent sparingly soluble in water is a hydrophobic solvent.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 112, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 113, wherein said hydrophobic solvent is a lower aliphatic or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound solvent.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 114, wherein said hydrocarbon compound solvent is propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said comminuting surfactant is sufficiently soluble in water to cause said contaminant to be extracted from said solids-mixture into said liquids phase.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at an acid pH.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 117, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of 1 to 6.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 118, wherein said contacting in step (1) is at a pH of less than 5.5.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 120, wherein said nonionic surfactant is a polyethoxy octyl phenol or a polyethoxy nonyl phenol containing 1 to 6 ethylene oxide units therein.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 120, wherein the nonionic surfactant has a hydrophillic/lipophilic balance of 4 to 10.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 120, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an adduct of a fatty acid or an amine with a polyethoxy phenolic compound.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 124, wherein said anionic surfactant is octylphenoxypolyethoxyethyl phosphate.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the comminuting surfactant is a cationic surfactant.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 126, wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium chloride of a polypropoxy tertiary amine.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the comminuting surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said contacting in step (1) includes agitating said solids-mixture.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the contacting in step (1) comprises a countercurrent contacting of said solids-mixture with said solvent in the presence of said surfactant.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 100, wherein the separating in step (2) is by physically separating said liquids phase from said solids phase.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 130, wherein the separating in step (2) is by gravity setting, centrifuging, hydroclone settling or a combination thereof of said liquids phase from said solids phase.
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said recovering of said solvent in step (3) is by distilling off said solvent from said liquids phase separated in step (2).
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 100, wherein said recycling of said liquids phase is with the addition of additional comminuting surfactant prior to or during said contacting in step (1).
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-10-07 | 1995-04-08 | 1995-10-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-10-07 | 1999-04-08 | 1999-10-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-10-07 | 2003-04-08 | 2003-10-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |