US5053074A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Ceramic-metal articles
Assignee: Verizon Laboratories Inc
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Filing: 1990-12-20
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Granted: 1991-10-01
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Expires: 2010-12-20
Abstract
Abstract A dense cermet article including about 80-90% by volume of a granular hard phase and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase. The hard phase is a carbide, nitride, carbonitride, oxycarbide, oxynitride, or carboxynitride of a cubic solid solution selected from W-Ti, W-Hf, W-Nb, W-Ta, Zr-Ti, Hf-Ti, Hf-Zr, V-Ti, Nb-Ti, Ta-Ti, or Mo-Ti. The metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight, and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, and/or carbon. The preferred hard phase is a cubic solid solution of tungsten and titanium. In the preferred metal phase, an amount of about 15-80% by volume of the metal phase component exhibits a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure. The article may be produced by presintering the hard phase - metal phase component mixture in a vacuum or inert atmosphere at about 1475°-1675° C., then densifying by hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of about 1575°-1675° C., in an inert atmosphere, and at about 34-207 MPa pressure. Limiting the presintering temperature to 1475°-1575° C. and keeping the presintering temperature at least 50° C. below the hot pressing temperature produces an article of gradated hardness, harder at the surface than at the core.
Inventors
- 👤 Sergej T. Buljan
- 👤 Helmut Lingertat
- 👤 Steven F. Wayne
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 20:54
CPC Classifications
C; C22; C22C; C22C29/00; C22C29/005
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
131 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
131 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
An article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure or of a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure coexistent with or modified by said additive.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said article has a surface hardness greater than its core hardness.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
148 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially or a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said binder phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a hardness gradated from a greater hardness at its surface to a lesser hardness at its core and a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
148 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially or a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said binder phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a hardness gradated from a greater hardness at its surface to a lesser hardness at its core and a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
170 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said metal phase comprises a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure or a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure coexistent with or modified by said additive, in an amount of about 15-80% by volume of said metal phase, and said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
170 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution selected from the group consisting of zirconium-titanium, hafnium-titanium, hafnium-zirconium, vanadium-titanium, niobium-titanium, tantalum-titanium, molybdenum-titanium, tungsten-titanium, tungsten-hafnium, tungsten-niobium, and tungsten-tantalum; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said metal phase comprises a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure or a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure coexistent with or modified by said additive, in an amount of about 15-80% by volume of said metal phase, and said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
An article in accordance with claim 5 wherein said metal phase comprises a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure in an amount of less than about 50% by volume of said metal phase.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
116 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution of tungsten and titanium; and 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
116 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution of tungsten and titanium; and 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said hard phase consists essentially of a cubic solid solution tungsten titanium carbide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said metal phase comprises about 7-15% by volume of said article.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
37 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said metal phase consists essentially of a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure or of a Ni 3 Al ordered crystal structure coexistent with or modified by said additive.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said article has a surface hardness greater than its core hardness.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
135 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution of tungsten and titanium; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said binder phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a hardness gradated from a greater hardness at its surface to a lesser hardness at its core and a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
135 words
A ceramic-metal article comprising: about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase consisting essentially of a ceramic material selected from the carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides of a cubic solid solution of tungsten and titanium; and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase, wherein said binder phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 by weight and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, carbon, and combinations thereof; wherein said article has a hardness gradated from a greater hardness at its surface to a lesser hardness at its core and a density of at least about 95% of theoretical.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of tungsten to titanium in said hard phase is about 1:3 to about 3:1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
An article in accordance with claim 13 wherein said ratio of tungsten to titanium is about 0.6:1 to about 1.5:1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
53 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said article is coated with one or more adherent, compositionally distinct layers, each layer being selected from the group consisting of a carbide, nitride and carbonitride of titanium, tantalum and hafnium, an oxide of aluminum, an oxide of zirconium, and mixtures and solid solutions thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
An article in accordance with claim 7 wherein said hard phase has an average grain size of about 0.5-20 μm.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
An article in accordance with claim 16 wherein said hard phase has an average grain size of about 0.5-5.0 μm, and said article is of a geometry suitable for use as a cutting tool.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
53 words
An article in accordance with claim 16 wherein said article is coated with one or more adherent, compositionally distinct layers, each layer being selected from the group consisting of a carbide, nitride and carbonitride of titanium, tantalum and hafnium, an oxide of aluminum, an oxide of zirconium, and mixtures and solid solutions thereof.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-09-30 | 1995-04-01 | 1995-10-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-09-30 | 1999-04-01 | 1999-10-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-04-01 | 2003-10-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |