US5034298A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Toner compositions and processes thereof
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1989-10-31
•
Granted: 1991-07-23
•
Expires: 2009-10-31
Abstract
Abstract An electrophotographic process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Inventors
- 👤 John S. Berkes
- 👤 Richard B. Lewis
- 👤 Robert J. Gruber
- 👤 Eugene F. Young
- 👤 Michael J. Oszczakiewicz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 08:49
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G13/00; G03G13/06; G03G13/08; G03G13/09; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/087; G03G9/08702; G03G9/08706; G03G9/08713; G03G9/0872
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 66
Claim 1
Independent Claim
74 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
74 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
84 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image in an electronic printing magnetic image character recognition apparatus; thereafter developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
84 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image in an electronic printing magnetic image character recognition apparatus; thereafter developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
An imaging process in accordance with claim 2 wherein there is present on the surface of the toner flow aid additive components.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
An imaging process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the flow aid additive is colloidal silica.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toner composition contains as surface additives metal salts, or metal salts of fatty acids.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toner composition contains pigment particles.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toner composition contains magnetite particles in an amount of from about 28 to about 70 percent by weight, and pigment particles in an amount of from about 2 to about 10 percent by weight.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein a soft roll fuser is selected for affixing the developed latent images.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylfluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present as an internal, or as an external component.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene butadiene copolymers, styrene acrylate copolymers, and styrene methacrylate copolymers.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 12 wherein the styrene butadiene copolymer contains 91 percent by weight of styrene, and 9 percent by weight of butadiene.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the magnetite is present in an amount of from about 28 to about 70 percent by weight.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the magnetite is acicular and is present in an amount of from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the magnetite is cubic and is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 60 percent by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toner composition contains a charge enhancing additive.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein the charge enhancing additive is selected from the group consisting of distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, cetyl pyridinium halides, and stearyl phenethyl dimethyl ammonium tosylates.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein the charge enhancing additive is selected from the group consisting of Spilon TRH and potassium tetraphenyl borate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein the charge enhancing additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for generating personal checks which comprises generating images in an electronic printing device; developing the images with a developer composition comprised of a toner containing resin particles having dispersed therein pigment particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles; transferring the images to a substrate; fusing the images thereto; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for generating personal checks which comprises generating images in an electronic printing device; developing the images with a developer composition comprised of a toner containing resin particles having dispersed therein pigment particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles; transferring the images to a substrate; fusing the images thereto; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process in accordance with claim 21 wherein the resulting checks are utilized in the IBM 3890™ or NCR 6780™ reader/sorter device, and wherein image smearing and image offsetting is substantially avoided.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process in accordance with claim 21 wherein the resulting checks are utilized in a reader/sorter device, and wherein image smearing and image offsetting to the read and write heads is substantially avoided.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process in accordance with claim 21 wherein the resulting checks are utilized in a reader/sorter device, and wherein image smearing and image offsetting to a protective foil present on the read and write heads is avoided.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 21 wherein the reject rate in the reader/sorter device is less than one half of one percent.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
89 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
89 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein the carrier particles contain a polymeric coating thereover.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process in accordance with claim 27 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a steel or a ferrite core with a coating thereover selected from the group consisting of polychlorotrifluoroethylene-covinylchloride copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoropolymer, or a terpolymer of styrene, methacrylate, and an organo silane, fluorinated ethylenepropylene copolymers, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein the toner contains a charge enhancing additive.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 29 wherein the charge enhancing additive is distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein the read/write heads are free of image smearing after the documents generated are passed through a magnetic ink character recognition sorter, and the reject rate is less than one half of one percent.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 27 wherein toner offsetting is avoided after the documents generated are passed through a magnetic ink character recognition sorter.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
108 words
A process which comprises the formation of a latent image on a photoconductive member in an electronic imaging apparatus; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles having dispersed therein magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon; subsequently transferring the image to a supporting substrate; fixing the image; thereafter applying to the developed image during or subsequent to fusing a layer of said polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the documents with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
108 words
A process which comprises the formation of a latent image on a photoconductive member in an electronic imaging apparatus; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles having dispersed therein magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon; subsequently transferring the image to a supporting substrate; fixing the image; thereafter applying to the developed image during or subsequent to fusing a layer of said polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the documents with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 33 wherein the fluorocarbon is present as an external additive.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 33 wherein the fluorocarbon is present as an internal additive.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
92 words
A xerographic process which comprises forming a latent image on an imaging member; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and optional additive particles; subsequently transferring the image to a suitable substrate; fixing the image thereto; thereafter applying to the developed image a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the documents with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
92 words
A xerographic process which comprises forming a latent image on an imaging member; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and optional additive particles; subsequently transferring the image to a suitable substrate; fixing the image thereto; thereafter applying to the developed image a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the documents with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein there is added to the toner composition carrier particles.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 20 wherein a soft fuser roll is selected for affixing the developed image.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 20 wherein a hard fuser roll is selected for affixing the developed image.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
85 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
85 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the checks with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is substantially avoided.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process in accordance with claim 39 wherein carrier particles are added to the toner composition, or the toner composition is added to carrier particles.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
60 words
A process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
60 words
A process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present as an internal component.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present as an external component.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 10 weight percent.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is available at the surface of the toner in an amount of from about 2 to about 10 weight percent.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the polymeric fluorocarbon is present as an internal additive incorporated into the toner in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 2 weight percent.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein toner offsetting and image smearing are avoided.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein toner offsetting and image smearing are minimized.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 42 wherein the latent image is generated in an electronic printing magnetic image character recognition apparatus.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process in accordance with claim 50 wherein toner offsetting and image smearing are minimized.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process in accordance with claim 50 wherein toner offsetting and image smearing are avoided.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
71 words
An electrophotographic process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
66 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
66 words
A xerographic process for the preparation of personal checks which comprises generating latent images with high or low speed electronic printing devices; thereafter developing the image with a developer composition comprised of a toner composition containing resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon component selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof, and carrier particles.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
61 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
61 words
An imaging process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypentafluorostyrene, and mixtures thereof; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4187329A
Cited
US4388396A
Cited
JPS5937552A
Cited
JPS6079363A
Cited
JPS61275708A
Cited
US4859550A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-07-22 | 1995-01-21 | 1995-07-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-07-22 | 1999-01-21 | 1999-07-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-07-22 | 2003-01-21 | 2003-07-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |