Method and apparatus for classifying picture elements in radiation images

Claim 1

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the differences, Δij=fij-f0, between the value of an image signal component f0 representing a predetermined picture element P0 and the values of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to a peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) finding a respective value, which is representative of said differences Δij, for each of said lines Li, (iii) calculating a mean-level value of two said representative values for each of a plurality of sets of two said lines which extend from said predetermined picture element P0 in approximately opposite directions, and (iv) from the mean-level values, which have been calculated for a plurality of said set of lines, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 2

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the differences, Δij=fij-f0, between the value of an image signal component f0 representing a predetermined picture element P0 and the values of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to a peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) finding a respective value, which is representative of said differences Δij, for each of said lines Li, (iii) calculating a mean-level value of two said representative values for each of a plurality of sets of two said lines which extend from said predetermined picture element P0 in approximately opposite directions, and (iv) from the mean-level values, which have been calculated for a plurality of said set of lines, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 9

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences, Δij=fij-f0, between the value of an image signal component f0 representing a predetermined picture element P0 and the values of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value, which is representative of said differences Δij, for each of said lines Li, (iii) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of two said representative values for each of a plurality of sets of two said lines which extend from said predetermined picture elements P0 in approximately opposite directions, and (iv) a judgment means for judging, from the mean-level values, which have been calculated for a plurality of said sets of lines, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 10

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences, Δij=fij-f0, between the value of an image signal component f0 representing a predetermined picture element P0 and the values of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value, which is representative of said differences Δij, for each of said lines Li, (iii) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of two said representative values for each of a plurality of sets of two said lines which extend from said predetermined picture elements P0 in approximately opposite directions, and (iv) a judgment means for judging, from the mean-level values, which have been calculated for a plurality of said sets of lines, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 17

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the gradients ∇fi of image signal components fi representing the picture elements Pi, which are located on a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a predetermined distance ri from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) calculating the normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| by dividing the gradients ∇fi by their magnitudes |∇fi|, (iii) calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| on the vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, the projections being expressed as ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, and * denotes the inner product, (iv) calculating a mean-level value from the values of said projections ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, and (v) from said mean-level value, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 18

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the gradients ∇fi of image signal components fi representing the picture elements Pi, which are located on a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a predetermined distance ri from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) calculating the normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| by dividing the gradients ∇fi by their magnitudes |∇fi|, (iii) calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| on the vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, the projections being expressed as ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, and * denotes the inner product, (iv) calculating a mean-level value from the values of said projections ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, and (v) from said mean-level value, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 23

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the gradients ∇fij of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) calculating the normalized gradients ∇fij|∇fij| by dividing the gradients ∇fij by their magnitudes |∇fij|, (iii) calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0 the projections being expressed as ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, and v denotes the inner product, (iv) finding a representative value {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which is representative of said projections ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, for each of said lines Li, (v) calculating a mean-level value of said representative values {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, and (vi) from said mean-level value, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 24

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating the gradients ∇fij of respective image signal components fij representing respective picture elements Pij, which are located on respective ones of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) calculating the normalized gradients ∇fij|∇fij| by dividing the gradients ∇fij by their magnitudes |∇fij|, (iii) calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0 the projections being expressed as ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, and v denotes the inner product, (iv) finding a representative value {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which is representative of said projections ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, for each of said lines Li, (v) calculating a mean-level value of said representative values {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, and (vi) from said mean-level value, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 31

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a gradient calculating means for calculating the gradients ∇fi of image signal components fi representing the picture elements Pi, which are located on a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a predetermined distance ri from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a normalization means for calculating the normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| by dividing the gradients ∇fi by their magnitudes |∇fi|, (iii) an inner product calculating means for calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0 the projections being expressed as ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, and * denotes the inner product, (iv) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of said projections ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, and (v) a judgment means for judging, from said mean-level value, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 32

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a gradient calculating means for calculating the gradients ∇fi of image signal components fi representing the picture elements Pi, which are located on a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a predetermined distance ri from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a normalization means for calculating the normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| by dividing the gradients ∇fi by their magnitudes |∇fi|, (iii) an inner product calculating means for calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fi/|∇fi| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0 the projections being expressed as ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pi to said predetermined picture element P0, and * denotes the inner product, (iv) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of said projections ∇fi/|∇fi|*ei, and (v) a judgment means for judging, from said mean-level value, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 37

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a gradient calculating means for calculating the gradients ∇fij of image signal components fij representing the picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a normalization means for calculating the normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| by dividing the gradients ∇fij by their magnitudes |∇fij|, (iii) an inner product calculating means for calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, the projections being expressed as ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, and denotes the inner product, (iv) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value {∇fij/|fij|*ei}r, which is representative of said projections ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, for each of said lines Li, (v) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of said representative values {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, and (vi) a judgment means for judging, from said mean-level value, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 38

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a gradient calculating means for calculating the gradients ∇fij of image signal components fij representing the picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from a predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a normalization means for calculating the normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| by dividing the gradients ∇fij by their magnitudes |∇fij|, (iii) an inner product calculating means for calculating the projections of said normalized gradients ∇fij/|∇fij| on vectors which are directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, the projections being expressed as ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, where ei denotes the unit vectors directed from said picture elements Pij to said predetermined picture element P0, and denotes the inner product, (iv) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value {∇fij/|fij|*ei}r, which is representative of said projections ∇fij/|∇fij|*ei, for each of said lines Li, (v) a mean calculating means for calculating a mean-level value of said representative values {∇fij/|∇fij|*ei}r, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, and (vi) a judgment means for judging, from said mean-level value, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 45

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgment are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 from the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions surrounding said center region, (ii) calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, corresponding to said peripheral regions, (iii) finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (iv) calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, (v) comparing said ratio with a predetermined threshold value, and (vi) from the results of the comparison, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region inside of said circular pattern.

Claim 46

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgment are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 from the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions surrounding said center region, (ii) calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, corresponding to said peripheral regions, (iii) finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (iv) calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, (v) comparing said ratio with a predetermined threshold value, and (vi) from the results of the comparison, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region inside of said circular pattern.

Claim 54

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of , an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including each of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) finding a representative value Qi, which is representative of said mean-level values, for each of said lines Li, (iii) calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective representative values Qi, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, (iv) finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (v) calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, (iv) comparing said ration with a predetermined threshold value, and (vii) from the results of the comparison, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 55

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of , an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including each of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) finding a representative value Qi, which is representative of said mean-level values, for each of said lines Li, (iii) calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective representative values Qi, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, (iv) finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (v) calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, (iv) comparing said ration with a predetermined threshold value, and (vii) from the results of the comparison, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 63

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions surrounding said center region, (ii) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, corresponding to said peripheral regions, (iii) a characteristic value calculating means for finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (iv) a ratio calculating means for calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, and (v) a judgment means which compares said ratio with a predetermined threshold value and judges, from the results of the comparison, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 64

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions surrounding said center region, (ii) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective mean-level values Qi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, corresponding to said peripheral regions, (iii) a characteristic value calculating means for finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (iv) a ratio calculating means for calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, and (v) a judgment means which compares said ratio with a predetermined threshold value and judges, from the results of the comparison, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said circular pattern.

Claim 72

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which picture elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value Qi, which is representative of said mean-level values, for each of said lines Li, (iii) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective representative values Qi, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, (iv) a characteristic value calculating means for finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (v) a ratio calculating means for calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, and (vi) a judgment means which compares said ratio with a predetermined threshold value and judges, from the results of the comparison, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region inside of said circular pattern.

Claim 73

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a circular pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a circular pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including a predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which picture elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, (ii) a representative value calculating means for finding a representative value Qi, which is representative of said mean-level values, for each of said lines Li, (iii) a difference calculating means for calculating the differences Δi, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, between said mean-level value Q0 corresponding to said center region and the respective representative values Qi, which have been found for the plurality of said lines Li, (iv) a characteristic value calculating means for finding a first characteristic value, which is representative of said differences Δi, and a second characteristic value, which represents the amount of dispersion in said differences Δi, (v) a ratio calculating means for calculating the ratio of said first characteristic value to said second characteristic value, and (vi) a judgment means which compares said ratio with a predetermined threshold value and judges, from the results of the comparison, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region inside of said circular pattern.

Claim 81

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a predetermined pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) the value Q0 of an image signal component representing a predetermined picture element P0, or a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including said predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which picture elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, the areas of said peripheral regions being selected such that peripheral regions which are more remote from said predetermined picture element P0 have larger areas, (ii) calculating a characteristic value Ci, which represents the change in said radiation image in the direction along which each of said lines Li extends, for each of said lines Li, and (iii) from a plurality of the characteristic values Ci, which have been calculated for the plurality of directions along which said lines Li extend, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said predetermined pattern.

Claim 82

A method for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a predetermined pattern in the radiation image, the method for classifying picture elements comprising the steps of: (i) calculating: (a) the value Q0 of an image signal component representing a predetermined picture element P0, or a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including said predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which picture elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, the areas of said peripheral regions being selected such that peripheral regions which are more remote from said predetermined picture element P0 have larger areas, (ii) calculating a characteristic value Ci, which represents the change in said radiation image in the direction along which each of said lines Li extends, for each of said lines Li, and (iii) from a plurality of the characteristic values Ci, which have been calculated for the plurality of directions along which said lines Li extend, judging whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said predetermined pattern.

Claim 89

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a predetermined pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) the value Q0 of an image signal component representing a predetermined picture element P0, or a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including said predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which pictures elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, the areas of said peripheral regions being selected such that peripheral regions which are more remote from said predetermined picture element P0 have larger areas, (ii) a characteristic value calculating means for calculating a characteristic value Ci, which represents the change in said radiation image in the direction along which each of said lines Li extends, for each of said lines Li, and (iii) a judgment means for judging, from a plurality of the characteristic values Ci, which have been calculated for the plurality of directions along which said lines Li extend, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said predetermined pattern.

Claim 90

An apparatus for classifying picture elements as belonging to or not belonging to a pattern wherein, from an image signal made up of a series of image signal components representing a radiation image of an object, judgments are made as to whether predetermined picture elements in the radiation image fall or do not fall within the region corresponding to a predetermined pattern in the radiation image, the apparatus for classifying picture elements comprising: (i) a mean calculating means for calculating: (a) the value Q0 of an image signal component representing a predetermined picture element P0, or a mean-level value Q0 of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements, which are located in a center region including said predetermined picture element P0, and (b) mean-level values Qij, each representing the mean level of the values of image signal components representing a plurality of picture elements located in each of a plurality of peripheral regions, each said peripheral region including one of a plurality of picture elements Pij, which are located on each of a plurality of lines Li, where i=1, 2, . . . , n, extending from said predetermined picture element P0 to the peripheral parts of said radiation image, and which pictures elements Pij are spaced a plurality of predetermined distances rij, where j=1, 2, . . . , m, from said predetermined picture element P0, the areas of said peripheral regions being selected such that peripheral regions which are more remote from said predetermined picture element P0 have larger areas, (ii) a characteristic value calculating means for calculating a characteristic value Ci, which represents the change in said radiation image in the direction along which each of said lines Li extends, for each of said lines Li, and (iii) a judgment means for judging, from a plurality of the characteristic values Ci, which have been calculated for the plurality of directions along which said lines Li extend, whether said predetermined picture element P0 falls or does not fall within the region corresponding to said predetermined pattern.