Quantum-coupled ROM

Claim 2

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, said first and second potential wells each comprising and island of a semiconducting material having a minimum dimension less than 500 Angstroms and another dimension less than 1000 Angstroms; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein the minimum potential energy of carriers is at least 50 millielectronvolts higher than the minimum potential energy of carriers within said wells, said wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the smallest physical dimension of either of said wells; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information.

Claim 3

A read-only memory, for operation at a predetermined maximum temperature greater than 300 Kelvin, comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, said first and second potential wells each comprising an island of a semiconducting material having a minimum dimension less than 150 Angstroms and another dimension less than 500 Angstroms; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein the minimum potential energy of carriers is at least 30 millielectronvolts higher than the minimum potential energy of carriers within said wells, said wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the smallest physical dimension of either of said wells; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 4

A read-only memory, for operation at a predetermined maximum temperature greater than 300 Kelvin, comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, said first and second potential wells each comprising an island of a semiconducting material having a minimum dimension less than 150 Angstroms and another dimension less than 500 Angstroms; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein the minimum potential energy of carriers is at least 30 millielectronvolts higher than the minimum potential energy of carriers within said wells, said wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the smallest physical dimension of either of said wells; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 5

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said first and second potential wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the largest physical dimension of either of said wells; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels within each of said wells are separated by more than one half millielectronVolt; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 6

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said first and second potential wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the largest physical dimension of either of said wells; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels within each of said wells are separated by more than one half millielectronVolt; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 7

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, said first and second potential wells each comprising an island of a semiconducting material having a minimum dimension less than 200 Angstroms, said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels within each of said wells are separated by more than one half millielectronVolt; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein the minimum potential energy of carriers is at least 50 millielectronvolts higher than the minimum potential energy of carriers within said wells, said wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the smallest physical dimension of either of said wells; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 8

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, said first and second potential wells each comprising an island of a semiconducting material having a minimum dimension less than 200 Angstroms, said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels within each of said wells are separated by more than one half millielectronVolt; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein the minimum potential energy of carriers is at least 50 millielectronvolts higher than the minimum potential energy of carriers within said wells, said wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than three times the smallest physical dimension of either of said wells; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 9

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than one hundred times the Bloch wavelength of a carrier in said barrier medium; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels and all three components of momentum of carriers within each of said wells are discrete; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 10

A read-only memory comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells, a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than one hundred times the Bloch wavelength of a carrier in said barrier medium; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that energy levels and all three components of momentum of carriers within each of said wells are discrete; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 11

A read-only memory, for operation at a predetermined operating temperature, comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than one hundred times the Bloch wavelength of a carrier in said barrier medium; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that the lowest-lying two energy levels within each of said wells are separated by at least 3 times Boltzmann's constant times the value in degrees Kelvin of said operating temperature, and all three components of momentum of carriers within each of said wells are discrete; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 12

A read-only memory, for operation at a predetermined operating temperature, comprising: a plurality of chains of quantum wells, each said chain comprising an alternate series of first and second potential wells; a barrier medium, interposed between each adjacent pair of said first and second wells, wherein carriers have a first minimum potential energy; the potential energy of carriers in said wells being less than the potential energy of carriers within said barrier medium; said first and second potential wells being physically separated by a distance which is less than one hundred times the Bloch wavelength of a carrier in said barrier medium; said first and second wells being sufficiently small in all three dimensions that the lowest-lying two energy levels within each of said wells are separated by at least 3 times Boltzmann's constant times the value in degrees Kelvin of said operating temperature, and all three components of momentum of carriers within each of said wells are discrete; means for inputting carriers into each said chain of wells; means for removing carriers from each said chain of wells; and a plurality of conductors orthogonal to said plurality of chains of wells, wherein each said conductor is selectively either strongly or weakly coupled to plural ones of said chains of wells, in accordance with predetermined information, to encode said predetermined information; and means for sensing charge transfer along plural ones of said chains of wells; whereby said conductors define columns and said chains of wells define plural rows of a matrix of stored information.

Claim 13

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said barrier medium has a minimum potential energy for carriers which is at least 10 percent greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 14

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconducting material, said barrier medium comprises a second semiconducting material with a larger bandgap than the bandgap of said first semiconducting material.

Claim 15

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said carriers predominantly comprise electrons.

Claim 16

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said barrier medium has a potential energy for carriers which is at least one half millielectronVolt greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 17

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said wells and said barrier medium comprise respective semiconductor materials, and said barrier medium is doped n-type.

Claim 18

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is not lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 19

The ROM of claim 1, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 20

The ROM of claim 1, wherein each of said first and second wells has a maximum physical dimension which is less than 150 Angstroms.

Claim 21

The ROM of claim 1, wherein each of said first and second wells has a minimum physical dimension which is less than 100 Angstroms.

Claim 22

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said barrier medium has a minimum potential energy for carriers which is at least 10 percent greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 23

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconducting material, said barrier medium comprises a second semiconducting material with a larger bandgap than the bandgap of said first semiconducting material.

Claim 24

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said carriers predominantly comprise electrons.

Claim 25

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said barrier medium has a potential energy for carriers which is at least one half millielectronVolt greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 26

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said wells and said barrier medium comprise respective semiconductor materials, and said barrier medium is doped n-type.

Claim 27

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is not lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 28

The ROM of claim 2, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 29

The ROM of claim 2, wherein each of said first and second wells has a maximum physical dimension which is less than 150 Angstroms.

Claim 30

The ROM of claim 2, wherein each of said first and second wells has a minimum physical dimension which is less than 100 Angstroms.

Claim 31

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said barrier medium has a minimum potential energy for carriers which is at least 10 percent greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 32

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconducting material, said barrier medium comprises a second semiconducting material with a larger bandgap than the bandgap of said first semiconducting material.

Claim 33

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said carriers predominantly comprise electrons.

Claim 34

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said barrier medium has a potential energy for carriers which is at least one half millielectronVolt greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 35

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said wells and said barrier medium comprise respective semiconductor materials, and said barrier medium is doped n-type.

Claim 36

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 37

The ROM of claim 3, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 38

The ROM of claim 3, wherein each of said first and second wells has a maximum physical dimension which is less than 150 Angstroms.

Claim 39

The ROM of claim 3, wherein each of said first and second wells has a minimum physical dimension which is less than 100 Angstroms.

Claim 40

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said barrier medium has a minimum potential energy for carriers which is at least 10 percent greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 41

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconducting material, said barrier medium comprises a second semiconducting material with a larger bandgap than the bandgap of said first semiconducting material.

Claim 42

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said carriers predominantly comprise electrons.

Claim 43

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said barrier medium has a potential energy for carriers which is at least one half millielectronVolt greater than the minimum potential energy for carriers within said wells.

Claim 44

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said wells and said barrier medium comprise respective semiconductor materials, and said barrier medium is doped n-type.

Claim 45

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material. and wherein said first semiconductor material is not lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 46

The ROM of claim 4, wherein said wells comprise a first semiconductor material and said barrier medium comprises a second semiconductor material, and wherein said first semiconductor material is lattice-matched to said second semiconductor material.

Claim 47

The ROM of claim 4, wherein each of said first and second wells has a maximum physical dimension which is less than 150 Angstroms.

Claim 48

The ROM of claim 4, wherein each of said first and second wells has a minimum physical dimension which is less than 100 Angstroms.