US5032144A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Octane enhancers for fuel compositions
Assignee: ConocoPhillips Co
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Filing: 1988-08-04
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Granted: 1991-07-16
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Expires: 2008-08-04
Abstract
Abstract The octane value of fuels such as gasoline is increased by adding thereto an organic compound containing a tert-butyl group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom, which, in turn, is bonded to yet another atom by double or triple bonds.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter J. Jessup
- 👤 Stephen G. Brass
- 👤 Michael C. Croudace
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 11:45
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L10/00; C10L10/10; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C10L1/18; C10L1/188
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
A composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and an octane-enhancing proportion of a compound of chemical formula: ##STR13## wherein X═Y is C═O, C═N--R3, C═C═W, ##STR14## or C═S; X.tbd.Y is C.tbd.N or C.tbd.C-R8; N═Z is N═O, N═C═W, or ##STR15## W is oxygen or sulfur; and A is an aryl-containing group with R1 bonded to the carbon atom of an aromatic ring, provided that A is not phenyl; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group; and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are the same or different organic or inorganic species, provided that R4 is not hydrogen or a methyl group.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
104 words
A composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and an octane-enhancing proportion of a compound of chemical formula: ##STR13## wherein X═Y is C═O, C═N--R3, C═C═W, ##STR14## or C═S; X.tbd.Y is C.tbd.N or C.tbd.C-R8; N═Z is N═O, N═C═W, or ##STR15## W is oxygen or sulfur; and A is an aryl-containing group with R1 bonded to the carbon atom of an aromatic ring, provided that A is not phenyl; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group; and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are the same or different organic or inorganic species, provided that R4 is not hydrogen or a methyl group.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
10 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said compound is gasoline-soluble.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic radicals having 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, provided that R4 is not hydrogen or methyl.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the compound corresponds to formula (I), (II) or (III) and X═Y is selected from the group consisting of C═O, C═N--R3, and C═S.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the compound corresponds to formula (I) or (II) where X═Y is C═O and X.tbd.Y is C.tbd.N.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, carbyloxy, hydroxy, amino, acetyl, and acetyl-containing species of formula: ##STR16## where R9 is an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein R1 is an unsubstituted tert-butyl group.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the compound corresponds to formula (III) where N═Z is C═O.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said compound is present in a proportion of at least 2 volume percent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein R4 is neither hydrogen nor an alkyl group.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
104 words
A fuel composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and an additive for improving the octane of said base fuel, the additive comprising a compound containing a nitrogen or carbon atom double bonded or triple bonded to yet another atom, with said nitrogen or carbon atom being further bonded to a substituted or unsubstituted tertiary butyl group, and with said double bond not being (1) between two carbon atoms in an unsubstituted phenyl ring of formula --C6H5 or (2) between two carbon atoms where one of the carbon atoms is bonded only to species selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
104 words
A fuel composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and an additive for improving the octane of said base fuel, the additive comprising a compound containing a nitrogen or carbon atom double bonded or triple bonded to yet another atom, with said nitrogen or carbon atom being further bonded to a substituted or unsubstituted tertiary butyl group, and with said double bond not being (1) between two carbon atoms in an unsubstituted phenyl ring of formula --C6H5 or (2) between two carbon atoms where one of the carbon atoms is bonded only to species selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel composition of as defined in claim 11 comprising gasoline and said double or triple bond is selected from the group consisting of C═O, C.tbd.N, or N═C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A fuel composition as defined in claim 11 wherein said double or triple bond is not between two carbon atoms.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fuel composition comprising unleaded gasoline and an additive selected from the group consisting of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl hexa-3,5-dione, pivalonitrile, methyl trimethyl acetate, pinacolone, pivalic acid, and t-butyl isocyanate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fuel composition comprising unleaded gasoline and an additive selected from the group consisting of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl hexa-3,5-dione, pivalonitrile, methyl trimethyl acetate, pinacolone, pivalic acid, and t-butyl isocyanate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
11 words
The fuel composition of claim 14 wherein said additive is pivalonitrile.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
11 words
The fuel composition of claim 14 wherein said additive is pinacolone.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 14 wherein said additive is pivalic acid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
In a method for operating a spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising using as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 1.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
In a method for operating a spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising combusting as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 5.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
28 words
In a method for operating an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising using as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 7.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
In a method for operating an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising using as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 11.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
28 words
In a method for operating an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising combusting as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 15.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
In a method for operating an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising combusting as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 14.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
In a method for operating a spark ignition internal combustion engine, the improvement comprising using as a fuel in said engine the fuel composition of claim 17.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
113 words
A composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and one or more octane-enhancing additives, said additives consisting essentially of one or more compounds of chemical formula: ##STR17## wherein X═Y is C═O, C═N-R3, C═C═W, ##STR18## or C═S; X.tbd.Y is C.tbd.N or C.tbd.C-R8; N═Z is N═O, N=50 C═W, or ##STR19## W is oxygen or sulfur; and A is an aryl-containing group with R1 bonded to the carbon atom of an aromatic ring, provided that A is not phenyl; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group; and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are the same or different organic or inorganic species, provided that R4 is not hydrogen or a methyl group.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
113 words
A composition comprising a base fuel comprising unleaded gasoline and one or more octane-enhancing additives, said additives consisting essentially of one or more compounds of chemical formula: ##STR17## wherein X═Y is C═O, C═N-R3, C═C═W, ##STR18## or C═S; X.tbd.Y is C.tbd.N or C.tbd.C-R8; N═Z is N═O, N=50 C═W, or ##STR19## W is oxygen or sulfur; and A is an aryl-containing group with R1 bonded to the carbon atom of an aromatic ring, provided that A is not phenyl; R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group; and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are the same or different organic or inorganic species, provided that R4 is not hydrogen or a methyl group.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 1 further containing less than 0.5 volume percent alcohol.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 1 further containing less than 0.1 volume percent alcohol.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-07-15 | 1995-01-14 | 1995-07-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-01-14 | 1999-07-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-07-15 | 2003-01-14 | 2003-07-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |