US5030911A — Method and apparatus for displaying defects in tu…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 315 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete solid segments, the sum of which comprise the entire solid volume of said tubular member, comprising the steps of: generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defect in said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map without simultaneous display on said two-dimensional map of said amplitude values of each of said at least one defect signal, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member; wherein the relative number and positions of said indications with respect to said first and second axes indicate location of each of said plurality of defects on said tubular member and further indicate said shape, length, and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular members and to each other of said plurality of defects; and wherein said location, shape, length, and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular member and relative to others of said plurality of defects is directly measurable from said two-dimensional map,

Claim 2

Independent Claim 315 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete solid segments, the sum of which comprise the entire solid volume of said tubular member, comprising the steps of: generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defect in said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map without simultaneous display on said two-dimensional map of said amplitude values of each of said at least one defect signal, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member; wherein the relative number and positions of said indications with respect to said first and second axes indicate location of each of said plurality of defects on said tubular member and further indicate said shape, length, and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular members and to each other of said plurality of defects; and wherein said location, shape, length, and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular member and relative to others of said plurality of defects is directly measurable from said two-dimensional map,

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 37 words

The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: generating a plurality of said defect signals which collectively represent all defects in said entire solid volume of said tubular member.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 49 words

The method of claim 1 wherein said defect signal, said longitudinal signal, and said circumferential signals comprise analog electrical signals, said method further comprising the step of: displaying simultaneously said amplitude values of said at least one defect signal separately from said two-dimensional map of said plurality of defects.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 33 words

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of displaying at a display means said defect data comprises: displaying said defect data such that the different characteristics of said defect are separately identifiable.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 64 words

The method of claim 4 wherein said characteristics are displayed in a table having at least four portions, including: a first portion for displaying the longitudinal position of said defect, a second portion for displaying the circumferential position of said defect, a third portion for displaying the longitudinal length of said defect, and a fourth portion for displaying the angular orientation of said defect.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of displaying comprises: displaying said defect data on a visual monitor operative to selectively receive continuously generated electronic pulses and convert said electronic pulses to visual images.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 18 words

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of displaying comprises: displaying said defect on a chart recorder.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 18 words

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of displaying comprises: plotting said defect data on a plotter.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 18 words

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of displaying comprises: printing said defect data on a printer.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 34 words

The method of claim 1 wherein said amplitude of said at least one defect signal is displayed on a display separate from said two-dimensional map, but which is axially aligned with said two-dimensional map.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 40 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said two-dimensional map is defined by a plurality of pixels, and wherein each of said at least one defect signal represents a pixel on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 57 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said two-dimensional map is defined by a plurality of pixels, and wherein each of said at least one defect signal constitutes a pixel on said two-dimensional map, and represents the presence of said defect in a particular discrete solid segment of said tubular member.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 48 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects are classified into a plurality of differing types of defects, and wherein said step of displaying comprises selectively displaying only a selected one of said plurality of differing types of defects.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 109 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of defects of differing lengths and said tubular member has a longitudinal central axis, and wherein said step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to said longitudinal central axis of said tubular member in one of a plurality of alternative modes including a length of defect mode in which only a subset of defects of predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 136 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of defects of differing lengths, and wherein said step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in the following alternative modes; a long defect mode in which only defects having a length above a predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized; and a short defect mode in which only defects having a shortness below a predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 137 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular threshold, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to said central longitudinal axis of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in one of a plurality of alternative modes, including an angular defect mode in which only said subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said central longitudinal axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 236 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to said central longitudinal axis of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 270 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value; and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defect as one or more indications on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to said central longitudinal axis of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and a full defect mode in which said first subset of long defects, said second subset of short defects, and said third subset of angular defects are simultaneously displayed and emphasized on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 120 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in a plurality of discrete solid members said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; and recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 159 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of differing types of defects, and wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing a computer with memory and an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in a plurality of discrete solid members of said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording into computer memory said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal; and wherein said method further comprises: distinguishing with said computer said plurality of differing types of defects.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 183 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in a plurality of discrete solid members of said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal; and wherein said step of displaying further comprises: selecting at least one signal threshold; comparing said at least one signal threshold to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal to create a subset of datapoints ready for display; and displaying only said subset of datapoints to indicate the presence of said plurality of defects on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 193 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing a computer with memory and an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal in said memory of said computer; and wherein said step of displaying further comprises: selecting with said computer at least one signal threshold; comparing with said computer said at least one signal threshold to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal to create a subset of datapoints ready for display; and displaying only said subset of datapoints to indicate the presence of said plurality of defects on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 23 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, further comprising: selectively displaying only a portion of said two-dimensional map.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 33 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 1, further comprising: selectively displaying only a portion of said two dimensional map; and simultaneously enlarging said portion of said two-dimensional map.

Claim 26

Independent Claim 330 words

A method for mapping defects in a tubular member having a longitudinal central axis, said defects including a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by a predetermined angular value, comprising the steps of: generating a first signal corresponding to each of said defects; generating a second signal corresponding to the longitudinal position of each of said defects; generating a third signal corresponding to the circumferential position of each of said defects; correlating said first signal with said second signal and said third signal to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of each of said defects; and selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in the following alternative modes; a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a full defect mode in which said first subset of long defects, said second subset of short defects, and said third subset of angular defects are simultaneously displayed on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 27

Independent Claim 330 words

A method for mapping defects in a tubular member having a longitudinal central axis, said defects including a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by a predetermined angular value, comprising the steps of: generating a first signal corresponding to each of said defects; generating a second signal corresponding to the longitudinal position of each of said defects; generating a third signal corresponding to the circumferential position of each of said defects; correlating said first signal with said second signal and said third signal to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of each of said defects; and selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on a two-dimensional map having a first axis corresponding to the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member and a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member in the following alternative modes; a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a full defect mode in which said first subset of long defects, said second subset of short defects, and said third subset of angular defects are simultaneously displayed on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 76 words

The method of claim 25 wherein said step of selectively displaying further comprises: selectively generating a table having at least four portions, including: a first portion for displaying the longitudinal position of each of said defects; a second portion for displaying the circumferential position of each of said defects; a third portion for displaying the longitudinal length of each of said defects; and a fourth portion for displaying the angular orientation of each of said defects.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 56 words

The method of claim 25, further comprising: converting said first signal corresponding to each of said defects to a series of numerical values including a first portion representing said defects and a second portion representing non-defect characteristics; selecting a threshold number; and comparing said numerical values to said threshold number to identify said first portion thereof.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 40 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said two-dimensional map is defined by a plurality of pixels, and wherein each of said at least one defect signal represents a pixel on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 57 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said two-dimensional map is defined by a plurality of pixels, and wherein each of said at least one defect signal constitutes a pixel on said two-dimensional map, and represents the presence of said defect in a particular discrete solid segment of said tubular member.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 113 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said step of generating a first signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular members; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; and recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 174 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said step of generating a first signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal; and wherein said step of displaying further comprises: selecting at least one signal threshold; comparing said at least one signal threshold to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal to create a subset of datapoints ready for display; and displaying said subset of datapoints to indicate the presence of said plurality of defects on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 191 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said step of generating a first signal comprises: providing a computer with memory and an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal in said memory of said computer; and wherein said step of displaying further comprises: selecting with said computer at least one signal threshold; comparing with said computer said at least one signal threshold to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal to create a subset of datapoints ready for display; and displaying said subset of datapoints to indicate the presence of said plurality of defects on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 178 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of differing types of defects including a first subset of long defects, a second set of short defects, and a third subset of angular subset defects, and wherein said step of generating said first signal; providing a computer memory and an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member, detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; and recording into computer memory said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal; and wherein said method further comprises: distinguishing with said computer said plurality of differing types of defects, including said long, short, and angular defects.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 23 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, further comprising: selectively displaying only a portion of said two-dimensional map.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 33 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 25, further comprising: selectively displaying only a portion of said two dimensional map; and simultaneously enlarging said portion of said two-dimensional map.

Claim 38

Independent Claim 263 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete segments, comprising: means for generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete segment of said tubular member, for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; means for generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; means for generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; means for correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defects in said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; and display means for selectively displaying said defect data on a two-dimensional map independently of said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member; wherein the relative number and position of said at least one defect signal with respect to said first and second axes indicate the location, shape, length and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular member and relative to others of said plurality of defects, all without regard to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal.

Claim 39

Independent Claim 263 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete segments, comprising: means for generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete segment of said tubular member, for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; means for generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; means for generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; means for correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defects in said at least one discrete segment of said tubular member; and display means for selectively displaying said defect data on a two-dimensional map independently of said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member; wherein the relative number and position of said at least one defect signal with respect to said first and second axes indicate the location, shape, length and angular orientation of each of said plurality of defects relative to said tubular member and relative to others of said plurality of defects, all without regard to said amplitude value of each of said at least one defect signal.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 77 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said means for generating at least one defect signal comprise an electromagnetic inspection apparatus, including: at least one driven coil for inducing a magnetic field in said discrete segment of said tubular member, at least one pick-up coil for detecting the magnetic field induced by said driven coil, and at least one magnetic flux detector, responsive to the variations in said flux caused by defects and generating a signal corresponding thereto.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 102 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said means for generating a longitudinal signal comprise: a generally rigid support member disposed adjacent said tubular member; a wheel rotatably secured to said support member, wherein the outer perimeter of said wheel is in contact with the outer surface of said tubular member while said apparatus is operating, such that longitudinal movement of said tubular member relative to said apparatus causes corresponding rotational movement of said wheel; and signal generating means communicating with said wheel for generating a signal corresponding to the distance traveled by said wheel along the outer surface of said tubular member.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 41 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said means for generating a circumferential signal comprise: sensing means for detecting the position of said defect signal generating means relative to said tubular member; and means for generating a signal indicating said relative position.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 142 words

The apparatus of claim 39, wherein: said defect signal generating means comprise a generally annularly-shaped, rotatable defect detector having an open interior of sufficiently large diameter to allow said tubular member to pass axially therethrough, said defect detector being rotatably mounted within said apparatus such that said tubular member is passable through said open interior of said defect detector during rotation thereof; and said sensing means comprise: a position indicator rigidly secured to said defect detector and rotatable therewith, a stationary sensor, cooperating with said position indicator, for detecting each revolution of said defect detector and generating a revolution signal indicative thereof, clock means for generating a time signal, and computing means for receiving and correlating said revolution signal and said time signal, and selectively determining the circumferential position of said defect detector relative to said tubular member at any given time.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 19 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said means for correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals comprise a computer.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 31 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said display means comprise at least one of the following: (a) a CRT screen; (b) a chart recorder; (c) a plotter; or (d) a printer.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 48 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said plurality of defects are classified into a plurality of differing types of defects, and wherein said display means is operable in a plurality of display modes, each for displaying a different type of defect.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 75 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said display means includes: means for selectively displaying each of said plurality of defects as at least one indication on said two-dimensional map in one of a plurality of alternative modes including a length defect mode in which only a subset of defects of predetermined length value are displayed and emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 114 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of defects of differing lengths, and wherein said display means further includes: means for selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on said two-dimensional map in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only defects having a length above a predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized; and a short defect mode in which only defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 113 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said plurality of defects include a subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular threshold, wherein said display means further includes: means for selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on said two-dimensional map in one of a plurality of alternative modes, including an angular defect mode in which only said subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said central longitudinal axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 211 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein said display means includes: means for selectively displaying the presence of said defect as at least one indication on said two-dimensional map in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 244 words

An apparatus for mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 36, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein said display means further includes: means for selectively displaying the presence of said defect as one or more indications on said two-dimensional map in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and a full defect mode in which said first subset of long defects, said second subset of short defects, and said third subset of angular defects are simultaneously displayed on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 52

Independent Claim 225 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, said plurality of defects being classified into a plurality of differing types of defects, including defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations, in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete solid segments, the sum of which comprise the entire solid volume of said tubular member, comprising the steps of: generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defect in said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; selectively displaying the presence of a selected one of said plurality of said differing types of defects as a plurality of indications in a two-dimensional map, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member.

Claim 53

Independent Claim 225 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, said plurality of defects being classified into a plurality of differing types of defects, including defects of differing shapes, lengths, and angular orientations, in a tubular member having a plurality of discrete solid segments, the sum of which comprise the entire solid volume of said tubular member, comprising the steps of: generating at least one defect signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; generating a longitudinal signal indicating the longitudinal position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; generating a circumferential signal indicating the circumferential position of said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; correlating said defect, longitudinal, and circumferential signals to obtain defect data, said defect data including the longitudinal position and circumferential position of said defect in said at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member; selectively displaying the presence of a selected one of said plurality of said differing types of defects as a plurality of indications in a two-dimensional map, said map including: a first axis corresponding to the length of said tubular member; a second axis corresponding to the circumference of said tubular member.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 86 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of defects of differing lengths, and said tubular member has a longitudinal central axis, and wherein said step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defects in one of a plurality of alternative modes including a length of defect mode in which only a subset of defects of predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 103 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said plurality of defects include a plurality of defects of differing lengths, and wherein said step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defects in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only defects having a length above a predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized; and a short defect mode in which only defects having a length below a predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 102 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said plurality of defects include a subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular threshold, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defects in one of a plurality of alternative modes including an angular defect mode in which only said subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said central longitudinal axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defects are not emphasized.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 201 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defects in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset of short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 232 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said plurality of defects include a first subset of long defects having a length above a predetermined length value, a second subset of short defects having a length below a predetermined shortness value, and a third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with the longitudinal central axis of said tubular member by a predetermined angular value, wherein the step of displaying comprises: selectively displaying the presence of said defects in the following alternative modes: a long defect mode in which only said first subset of long defects having a length above said predetermined length value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; a short defect mode in which only said second subset short defects having a length below said predetermined shortness value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; an angle defect mode in which only said third subset of angular defects out of axial alignment with said longitudinal central axis by said predetermined angular value are emphasized on said two-dimensional map and all other defect types are not emphasized; and a full defect mode in which said first subset of long defects, said second subset of short defects, and said third subset of angular defects are simultaneously emphasized on said two-dimensional map.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 114 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; and recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 171 words

A method of mapping a plurality of defects, according to claim 49, wherein said step of generating at least one defect signal comprises: providing an inspection means including a plurality of flux detecting coils; generating a magnetic flux in said tubular member; detecting with said plurality of flux detecting coils said magnetic flux in said tubular member; producing from said detected magnetic flux at least one signal representing a defect in at least one discrete solid segment of said tubular member for each of said plurality of defects, each of said at least one defect signal having an amplitude value; recording said amplitude value for each of said at least one defect signal; wherein said step of displaying comprises: selecting at least one signal threshold; comparing said at least one signal threshold to said amplitude value of each at least one defect signal to create a subset of datapoints ready for display; and displaying said subset of datapoints to indicate the presence of said plurality of defects on said two-dimensional map.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1994-07-08	1995-01-07	1995-07-09	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1998-07-08	1999-01-07	1999-07-09	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2002-07-08	2003-01-07	2003-07-09	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method and apparatus for displaying defects in tubular members on a two-dimensional map in a variety of display modes

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