Patent US5023910A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5023910A
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Vector quantization in a harmonic speech coding arrangement
Assignee: Nokia Bell Labs
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Filing: 1988-04-08
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Granted: 1991-06-11
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Expires: 2008-04-08
Abstract
Abstract A harmonic speech coding arrangement where vector quantization is used to improve speech quality. Parameters are determined at the analyzer of an illustrative coding arrangement to model the magnitude and phase spectra of the input speech. A first codebook of vectors is searched for a vector that closely approximates the difference between the true and estimated magnitude spectra. A second codebook of vectors is searched for a vector that closely approximates the difference between the true and the estimated phase spectra. Indices and scaling factors for the vectors are communicated to the synthesizer such that scaled vectors can be added into the magnitude and phase spectra for use at the synthesizer in generating speech as a sum of sinusoids.
Inventors
- 👤 David L. Thomson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 23:43
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10L; G10L19/00; G10L19/02; G10L19/032; G10L19/038
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum comprising a Fourier transform of said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech, at least one parameter of said parameter set comprising an index to a codebook of vectors, communicating said calculated parameter set including said index, receiving said communicated parameter set including said index, processing said received parameter set including said index to determine a plurality of sinusoids corresponding to harmonics of said speech, and synthesizing speech as a sum of said sinusoids.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
96 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum comprising a Fourier transform of said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech, at least one parameter of said parameter set comprising an index to a codebook of vectors, communicating said calculated parameter set including said index, receiving said communicated parameter set including said index, processing said received parameter set including said index to determine a plurality of sinusoids corresponding to harmonics of said speech, and synthesizing speech as a sum of said sinusoids.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said determined spectrum comprises a magnitude spectrum.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said codebook of vectors comprises vectors constructed from a transform of a plurality of sinusoids with random frequencies and amplitudes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said calculating comprises finding peaks in said magnitude spectrum, and determining a plurality of sinusoids corresponding to said peaks.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said processing comprises determining a magnitude spectrum from said received parameter set including said index, and determining a sinusoidal amplitude and a sinusoidal frequency for each of said sinusoids from said magnitude spectrum determined from said received parameter set.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method in accordance with claim 5 wherein said determining a sinusoidal amplitude and a sinusoidal frequency comprises finding peaks in said magnitude spectrum determined from said received parameter set, and determining said sinusoidal amplitude and said sinusoidal frequency for each of said sinusoids from said peaks in said magnitude spectrum.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said determined spectrum comprises a phase spectrum.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said codebook of vectors comprises vectors constructed from white Gaussian noise sequences.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said processing comprises determining a phase spectrum from said received parameter set including said index, and determining a sinusoidal phase for each of said sinusoids from said phase spectrum determined from said received parameter set.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said determined spectrum comprises a Fast Fourier Transform of said speech.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said determined spectrum comprises an interpolated spectrum.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, and selecting said index to minimize error in accordance with an error criterion at the frequencies of said sinusoids.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said processing comprises determining a sinusoidal amplitude for each of said sinusoids based in part on a vector defined by said received index.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said processing comprises determining a sinusoidal frequency for each of said sinusoids based in part on a vector defined by said received index.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said processing comprises determining a sinusoidal phase for each of said sinusoids based in part on a vector defined by said received index.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
124 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said determining comprises determining a magnitude spectrum and a phase spectrum, and wherein said calculating comprises calculating said parameter set comprising first parameters modeling said determined magnitude spectrum and second parameters modeling said determined phase spectrum, at least one of said first parameters comprising an index to a first codebook of vectors, and at least one of said second parameters comprising an index to a second codebook of vectors.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
124 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said determining comprises determining a magnitude spectrum and a phase spectrum, and wherein said calculating comprises calculating said parameter set comprising first parameters modeling said determined magnitude spectrum and second parameters modeling said determined phase spectrum, at least one of said first parameters comprising an index to a first codebook of vectors, and at least one of said second parameters comprising an index to a second codebook of vectors.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
114 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal amplitude of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal amplitude of each of said plurality of sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal amplitudes and said estimated sinusoidal amplitudes, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
114 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal amplitude of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal amplitude of each of said plurality of sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal amplitudes and said estimated sinusoidal amplitudes, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
114 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal frequency of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal frequency of each of said plurality of sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal frequencies and said estimated sinusoidal frequencies, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
114 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal frequency of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal frequency of each of said plurality of sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal frequencies and said estimated sinusoidal frequencies, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
112 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal phase of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal phase of each of said sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal phases and said estimated sinusoidal phases, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
112 words
In a harmonic speech coding arrangement, a method of processing speech comprising determining a spectrum from said speech, calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech and communicating said parameter set, wherein at least one parameter of said parameter set comprises an index to a codebook of vectors, and wherein said calculating comprises determining a plurality of sinusoids from said determined spectrum, including determining sinusoidal phase of each of said plurality of sinusoids, estimating, based on said speech, sinusoidal phase of each of said sinusoids, determining errors between said determined sinusoidal phases and said estimated sinusoidal phases, and vector quantizing said determined errors to determine said index.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
113 words
A harmonic coding arrangement for processing speech comprising means responsive to said speech for determining a spectrum comprising a Fourier transform of said speech, means responsive to said determining means for calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech, at least one parameter of said parameter set comprising an index to a codebook of vectors, means for communicating said calculated parameter set including said index, means for receiving said communicated parameter set including said index, means for processing said received parameter set including said index to determine a plurality of sinusoids corresponding to harmonics of said speech, and means for synthesizing speech as a sum of said sinusoids.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
113 words
A harmonic coding arrangement for processing speech comprising means responsive to said speech for determining a spectrum comprising a Fourier transform of said speech, means responsive to said determining means for calculating, based on said determined spectrum, a set of parameters modeling said speech, at least one parameter of said parameter set comprising an index to a codebook of vectors, means for communicating said calculated parameter set including said index, means for receiving said communicated parameter set including said index, means for processing said received parameter set including said index to determine a plurality of sinusoids corresponding to harmonics of said speech, and means for synthesizing speech as a sum of said sinusoids.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-06-10 | 1994-12-10 | 1995-06-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-12-10 | 1999-06-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-12-10 | 2003-06-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |