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US5017446A
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US
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Electrodes containing conductive metal oxides
Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Co
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Filing: 1989-10-24
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Granted: 1991-05-21
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Expires: 2009-10-24
Abstract
Abstract An electrode suitable for use as a lead-acid battery plate contains an inorganic metal oxide additive which enhances the formation of the plate. The additive is electrically conductive, stable in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, but does not participate in the electrode reaction. Suitable metal oxides include conductive oxides such as TiO 2-x , WO 3-x , MoO 3-x , V 2 O 5-x , Nb 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements. The conductive oxides may also be used in electrodes for bipolar lead-acid batteries.
Inventors
- 👤 Benjamin Reichman
- 👤 James I. Strebe
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 11:05
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/62; H01M4/624; H01M4/36; H01M4/48; H01M4/56; H01M4/64; H01M4/66; H01M4/68; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
33 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
33 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said conductive metal oxide has an oxygen overpotential about the same as or greater than PbO 2 when employed under like conditions in a positive electrode of a lead-sulfuric acid battery.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said active lead material contains about 0.1 to 50 wt. % of said conductive metal oxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
46 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said electrode is a positive electrode in which said collector consists essentially of lead, and said active lead material comprises a lead sulfate compound which is converted to lead dioxide when said electrode is charged in a lead-sulfuric acid battery.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrode of claim 4, wherein said collector comprises a generally flat grid, and said active lead material forms a layer on said grid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrode of claim 4, wherein said collector comprises an elongated rod, said electrode further comprises a sheath made of a sulfuric acid-resistant fiber mesh, and said active lead material is disposed between said collector and said sheath.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrode of claim 3, wherein said active lead material contains from about 0.1 to 8 wt. % of said conductive metal oxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said transition metal oxide comprises oxides of transition elements of Groups 4, 5 or 6, mixtures thereof, and conductive mixed oxides of these elements.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said transition metal oxide comprises WO 3-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode of claim 1, wherein said transition metal oxide comprises V 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising: said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising: said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
46 words
The battery of claim 11, wherein said current collector comprises a grid essentially of lead, and said active lead material comprises a layer on said grid and contains lead sulfate which is converted to lead dioxide when said electrode is charged in a lead-sulfuric acid battery.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The battery of claim 11, wherein the improvement further comprises said negative electrode containing carbon therein.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The battery of claim 11, wherein said active lead material contains from about 0.1 to 8 wt. % of said conductive metal oxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The paste mixture of claim 15, wherein said particles are dispersed in an amount of water effective to form a paste.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
55 words
The paste mixture of claim 16, wherein said lead oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of PbO, Pb 3 O 4 , and mixtures thereof, said lead sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of PbSO 4 , PbO.PbSO 4 , 3PbO.PbSO 4 .H 2 O, 4PbO.PbSO 4 , and mixtures thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
67 words
The paste mixture of claim 17, wherein solids in said paste consist essentially or 0.01 to 50 wt. % of said conductive metal oxide, up to about 0.5 wt. % of a fiber, and the balance is said lead oxide compound and said lead sulfate compound, and the amount of water in said paste is in the range of about 0.15 to 0.2 ml/g of said solids.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive, transition metal oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
66 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive, transition metal oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
11 words
The bipolar electrode of claim 19, wherein said matrix comprises polyethylene.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
52 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula TiO 2-x , wherein X is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
52 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula TiO 2-x , wherein X is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
52 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula MoO 3-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
52 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula MoO 3-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
54 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula Nb 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
54 words
In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula Nb 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula TiO 2-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula TiO 2-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula MoO 3-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
83 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula MoO 3-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
85 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula Nb 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
85 words
In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises: particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula Nb 2 O 5-x , wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising: said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2-x , MoO 3-x , Nb 2 O 5-x , mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising: said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2-x , MoO 3-x , Nb 2 O 5-x , mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
75 words
A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2-x , MoO 3-x , Nb 2 O 5-x , mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, said particles being dispersed in an amount of water effective to form a paste.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
75 words
A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2-x , MoO 3-x , Nb 2 O 5-x , mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, said particles being dispersed in an amount of water effective to form a paste.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3795543A
Cited
US4326017A
Cited
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