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US5015348A
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High mass isotope separation arrangement
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1972-06-14
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Granted: 1991-05-14
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Expires: 1992-06-14
Abstract
Abstract An isotope separation arrangement for separating a preselected isotope from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules by either photon-induced pure rovibrational or vibronic selective excitation of the molecules containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated from a lower to a higher energy level, and a chemical reaction of the higher energy level molecules with a chemically reactive agent to form a chemical compound containing primarily the atoms of isotope to be separated in a physicochemical state different from the physicochemical state of the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules. The chemical compound containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated may be subsequently processed to obtain the isotope.
Inventors
- 👤 Jozef W. Eerkens
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 00:56
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J19/00; B01J19/08; B01J19/12; B01J19/121; B01D; B01D59/00; B01D59/34; H; H01; H01S; H01S3/00; H01S3/05; H01S3/08; H01S3/08004; H01S3/08009
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
496 words
In a process for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope wherein the molecules comprising the mixture having a preselected lower rovibrational energy state and a higher rovibrational energy state with photon-inducible transitions between the lower rovibrational energy state and the higher rovibrational energy state and the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher rovibrational energy states of the predetermined isotopic molecules is different from the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher rovibrational energy states of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in the mixture, the improvement comprising the steps of: supplying the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules into a reaction chamber at the lower rovibrational energy state, and in a first preselected physicochemical state; and supplying a chemically reactive agent in the reaction chamber and the chemically reactive agent chemically combinable with the molecules at the higher rovibrational energy state to produce a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope in a second physicochemical state different from the first physicochemical state, and the chemically reactive agent unreactive with the molecules at the lower rovibrational energy state; selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state to cause a chemical combination with the chemically reactive agent to provide a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope, and the step of selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules further comprises the steps of: generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the molecules in the mixture from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational state; filtering the beam of coherent photons to remove photons having energy at frequencies other than the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state; and subjecting the contents of the reaction chamber to the filtered beam of coherent photons to induce the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state; maintaining the contents of the reaction chamber at first predetermined temperature and at a first predetermined pressure; and wherein the step of filtering the beam of coherent photons further comprises the steps of: passing the beam of coherent photons through a filter cell containing a collection of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules contained in the mixture in the reaction chamber, and the collection of molecules in the filer cell substantially free of the predetermined isotopic molecules; maintaining the collection of the molecules in the filter cell at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure to provide molecules in the filter cell at the lower rovibrational energy state; and removing the chemical compound from the reaction chamber.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
496 words
In a process for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope wherein the molecules comprising the mixture having a preselected lower rovibrational energy state and a higher rovibrational energy state with photon-inducible transitions between the lower rovibrational energy state and the higher rovibrational energy state and the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher rovibrational energy states of the predetermined isotopic molecules is different from the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher rovibrational energy states of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in the mixture, the improvement comprising the steps of: supplying the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules into a reaction chamber at the lower rovibrational energy state, and in a first preselected physicochemical state; and supplying a chemically reactive agent in the reaction chamber and the chemically reactive agent chemically combinable with the molecules at the higher rovibrational energy state to produce a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope in a second physicochemical state different from the first physicochemical state, and the chemically reactive agent unreactive with the molecules at the lower rovibrational energy state; selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state to cause a chemical combination with the chemically reactive agent to provide a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope, and the step of selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules further comprises the steps of: generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the molecules in the mixture from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational state; filtering the beam of coherent photons to remove photons having energy at frequencies other than the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state; and subjecting the contents of the reaction chamber to the filtered beam of coherent photons to induce the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower rovibrational energy state to the higher rovibrational energy state; maintaining the contents of the reaction chamber at first predetermined temperature and at a first predetermined pressure; and wherein the step of filtering the beam of coherent photons further comprises the steps of: passing the beam of coherent photons through a filter cell containing a collection of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules contained in the mixture in the reaction chamber, and the collection of molecules in the filer cell substantially free of the predetermined isotopic molecules; maintaining the collection of the molecules in the filter cell at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure to provide molecules in the filter cell at the lower rovibrational energy state; and removing the chemical compound from the reaction chamber.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
61 words
The process defined in claim 1 wherein: the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules is continuously supplied to the reaction chamber; the chemically reactive agent is continuously supplied to the reaction chamber; the chemical compound is continuously removed from the reaction chamber; and the contents of the reaction chamber is continuously subjected to the filtered beam of coherent photons.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process defined in claim 2 wherein: the first predetermined temperature and first predetermined pressure are different from the second predetermined temperature and second predetermined pressure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
152 words
The process defined in claim 3 wherein: the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in the reaction chamber is UF 6 containing a mixture of U 238 F 6 and U 235 F 6 molecules, and the predetermined isotopic molecules comprise the U 235 F 6 molecules and the predetermined isotope comprises U 235 ; the filter cell contains substantially pure U 238 F 6 molecules; the chemically reactive agent is hydrogen; the first physicochemical state is the gaseous state; the second physicochemical state is the solid state; the chemical compound in the solid state is U 235 F 4 ; the first predetermined temperature is on the order of 300 degrees K and the first predetermined pressure is on the order of 0.01 atmospheres; and the second predetermined temperature is on the order of 290 degrees K and the second predetermined pressure is on the order of 0.005 atmospheres.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process defined in claim 4 wherein the step of generating a beam of coherent photons comprises the step of operating a laser, and the laser is selected from the class consisting of: CO 2 laser, OCS laser, H 2 O laser, HF laser, and UF 6 laser.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process defined in claim 5 wherein the step of operating the laser further comprises the step of: continuously operating the laser.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process defined in claim 5 wherein the step of operating the laser further comprises the step of: pulsing the laser.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
97 words
The process defined in claim 1 wherein: the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules contains molecules having U 235 atoms and other molecules having U 238 atoms and the molecules containing the U 235 atoms are the predetermined molecules and U 235 is the predetermined isotope, and the mixture is selected from the class consisting of: UF 6 , UI 4 , UI 3 F, UI 2 F 2 , UIF 3 , UAs, U 2 As, UAs 2 , UBi, UAl 2 , UMn 2 , UP, U 2 P and UP 2 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
420 words
An isotope separation arrangement for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope comprising, in combination: a reaction chamber having walls defining a cavity; means for supplying a mixture into said cavity of said reaction chamber of the chemically identical but isotopically different molecules and said mixture containing the predetermined isotopic molecules having atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated, and molecules containing atoms of other isotopes, and said mixture at a first preselected physicochemical state, a first predetermined pressure and a first predetermined temperature, and said molecules of said mixture having a lower rovibrational energy state and a higher rovibrational energy state, and photon-inducible transitions between said lower rovibrational energy state and said higher rovibrational energy state at predetermined photon frequencies, and said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules containing the isotope to be separated different from said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said chemically identical but isotopically different molecules containing atoms other than said predetermined isotope; means for supplying a chemically reactive agent into said reaction chamber, and said chemically reactive agent inactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said first preselected temperature and said first preselected pressure, and at said lower rovibrational energy state, and reactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said higher, rovibrational energy state; means for irradiating said mixture with photons having energy at said predetermined photon frequency corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules containing said atoms of said isotope to be separated to induce the chemical reaction with said chemically reactive agent at said higher rovibrational energy state to provide a chemical reaction compound containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated at a second preselected physicochemical state different from said first preselected physicochemical state, and said means for irradiating said mixture for chemically identical but isotopically different molecules further comprises: means for generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules; and filter cell means for filtering said beam of coherent photons to remove therefrom photons having energy at frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture other than said molecules containing atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated; and means for selectively removing said chemical reaction compound from said reaction chamber.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
420 words
An isotope separation arrangement for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope comprising, in combination: a reaction chamber having walls defining a cavity; means for supplying a mixture into said cavity of said reaction chamber of the chemically identical but isotopically different molecules and said mixture containing the predetermined isotopic molecules having atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated, and molecules containing atoms of other isotopes, and said mixture at a first preselected physicochemical state, a first predetermined pressure and a first predetermined temperature, and said molecules of said mixture having a lower rovibrational energy state and a higher rovibrational energy state, and photon-inducible transitions between said lower rovibrational energy state and said higher rovibrational energy state at predetermined photon frequencies, and said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules containing the isotope to be separated different from said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said chemically identical but isotopically different molecules containing atoms other than said predetermined isotope; means for supplying a chemically reactive agent into said reaction chamber, and said chemically reactive agent inactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said first preselected temperature and said first preselected pressure, and at said lower rovibrational energy state, and reactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said higher, rovibrational energy state; means for irradiating said mixture with photons having energy at said predetermined photon frequency corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules containing said atoms of said isotope to be separated to induce the chemical reaction with said chemically reactive agent at said higher rovibrational energy state to provide a chemical reaction compound containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated at a second preselected physicochemical state different from said first preselected physicochemical state, and said means for irradiating said mixture for chemically identical but isotopically different molecules further comprises: means for generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules; and filter cell means for filtering said beam of coherent photons to remove therefrom photons having energy at frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture other than said molecules containing atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated; and means for selectively removing said chemical reaction compound from said reaction chamber.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
93 words
The arrangement defined in claim 9 wherein said filter cell further comprises: a body member having walls defining a filter cell cavity; and a filter mixture in said filter cell cavity of said chemically identical but said isotopically different molecules of the type contained in said reaction chamber and said filter mixture substantially free of molecules containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated, and said filter mixture at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure, and at said lower rovibrational energy state and at said first preselected physicochemical state.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
The arrangement defined in claim 10 wherein said means for generating a beam of coherent photons comprises a tunable laser and said filter cell is external to said laser.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
The arrangement defined in claim 10 wherein said means for generating a coherent beam of photons comprises a tunable laser and said filter cell is positioned in said laser.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
52 words
The arrangement defined in claim 10 wherein: said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in said reaction chamber comprises a first portion having atoms of U 235 bearing molecules and a second portion having atoms of U 238 bearing molecules and U 235 comprises the predetermined isotope to be separated.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
89 words
The arrangement defined in claim 13 wherein said means for generating a beam of coherent photons comprises a CO 2 laser; said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in said reaction chamber comprises UF 6 ; said filter mixture in said filter cell cavity comprises substantially pure U 238 F 6 molecules and is substantially free of U 235 F 6 molecules; said first preselected physicochemical state is gaseous; said second preselected physicochemical state is solid; and said chemical reaction compound is U 235 F 4 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
497 words
In a process for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope wherein the molecules comprising the mixture having a preselected lower vibronic energy state and a higher vibronic energy state with photon-inducible transitions between the lower vibronic energy state and the higher vibronic energy state and the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher vibronic energy states of the predetermined isotopic molecules is different from the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher vibronic energy states of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in the mixture, the improvement comprising the steps of: supplying the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules into a reaction chamber at the lower vibronic energy state, and in a first preselected physicochemical state; supplying a chemically reactive agent into the reaction chamber and the chemically reactive agent chemically combinable with the molecules at the higher vibronic energy state to produce a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope in a second physicochemical state different from the first physicochemical state, and the chemically reactive agent unreactive with the molecules at the lower vibronic energy state; selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state to cause a chemical combination with the chemically reactive agent to provide a chemical compound produced having atoms of the predetermined isotope, and the step of selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules further comprises the steps of: generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the molecules in the mixture from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic state; filtering the beam of coherent photons to remove photons having energy at frequencies other than the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state; and subjecting the contents of the reaction chamber to the filtered beam of coherent photons to induce the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state; maintaining the contents of the reaction chamber at a first predetermined temperature and at a first predetermined pressure; and wherein the step of filtering the beam of coherent photons further comprises the steps of: passing the beam of coherent photons through a filter cell containing a collection of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules contained in the mixture in the reaction chamber, and the collection of molecules in the filter cell substantially free of the predetermined isotopic molecules; maintaining the collection of the molecules in the filter cell at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure to provide molecules in the filter cell at the lower vibronic energy state; and removing the chemical compound from the reaction chamber.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
497 words
In a process for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope wherein the molecules comprising the mixture having a preselected lower vibronic energy state and a higher vibronic energy state with photon-inducible transitions between the lower vibronic energy state and the higher vibronic energy state and the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher vibronic energy states of the predetermined isotopic molecules is different from the photon frequency for the photon-inducible transitions between the lower and higher vibronic energy states of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules in the mixture, the improvement comprising the steps of: supplying the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules into a reaction chamber at the lower vibronic energy state, and in a first preselected physicochemical state; supplying a chemically reactive agent into the reaction chamber and the chemically reactive agent chemically combinable with the molecules at the higher vibronic energy state to produce a chemical compound having atoms of the predetermined isotope in a second physicochemical state different from the first physicochemical state, and the chemically reactive agent unreactive with the molecules at the lower vibronic energy state; selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state to cause a chemical combination with the chemically reactive agent to provide a chemical compound produced having atoms of the predetermined isotope, and the step of selectively photon inducing the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules further comprises the steps of: generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the molecules in the mixture from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic state; filtering the beam of coherent photons to remove photons having energy at frequencies other than the frequencies corresponding to the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state; and subjecting the contents of the reaction chamber to the filtered beam of coherent photons to induce the transitions of the predetermined isotopic molecules from the lower vibronic energy state to the higher vibronic energy state; maintaining the contents of the reaction chamber at a first predetermined temperature and at a first predetermined pressure; and wherein the step of filtering the beam of coherent photons further comprises the steps of: passing the beam of coherent photons through a filter cell containing a collection of the other chemically identical but isotopically different molecules contained in the mixture in the reaction chamber, and the collection of molecules in the filter cell substantially free of the predetermined isotopic molecules; maintaining the collection of the molecules in the filter cell at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure to provide molecules in the filter cell at the lower vibronic energy state; and removing the chemical compound from the reaction chamber.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
422 words
An isotope separation arrangement for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope comprising, in combination: a reaction chamber having walls defining a cavity; means for supplying a mixture into said cavity of said reaction chamber of the chemically identical but isotopically different molecules and said mixture containing the predetermined isotopic molecules having atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated, and molecules containing atoms of other isotopes, and said mixture at a first preselected physicochemical state, a first predetermined pressure and a first predetermined temperature, and said molecules of said mixture having a lower vibronic energy state and a higher vibronic energy state, and photon-inducible transitions between said lower vibronic energy state and said higher vibronic energy state at predetermined photon frequencies, and said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules containing the isotope to be separated different from said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said chemically identical but isotopically different molecules containing atoms other than said predetermined isotope; means for supplying a chemically reactive agent into said reaction chamber, and said chemically reactive agent inactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said first preselected temperature and said first preselected pressure, and at said lower vibronic energy state, and reactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said higher, vibronic energy state; means for irradiating said mixture with photons having energy at said predetermined photon frequency corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules containing said atoms of said isotope to be separated to induce the chemical reaction with said chemically reactive agent at said higher vibronic energy state to provide a chemical reaction compound containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated at a second preselected physicochemical state different from said first preselected physicochemical state, and said means for irradiating said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules further comprises: means for generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in frequencies corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules; and filter cell means for filtering said beam of coherent photons to remove therefrom photons having energy at frequencies corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture other than said molecules containing atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated; and means for selectively removing said chemical reaction compound from said reaction chamber.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
422 words
An isotope separation arrangement for separating predetermined isotopic molecules from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules to obtain a concentration of the predetermined isotope comprising, in combination: a reaction chamber having walls defining a cavity; means for supplying a mixture into said cavity of said reaction chamber of the chemically identical but isotopically different molecules and said mixture containing the predetermined isotopic molecules having atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated, and molecules containing atoms of other isotopes, and said mixture at a first preselected physicochemical state, a first predetermined pressure and a first predetermined temperature, and said molecules of said mixture having a lower vibronic energy state and a higher vibronic energy state, and photon-inducible transitions between said lower vibronic energy state and said higher vibronic energy state at predetermined photon frequencies, and said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said molecules containing the isotope to be separated different from said predetermined photon frequencies corresponding to said photon-inducible transitions of said chemically identical but isotopically different molecules containing atoms other than said predetermined isotope; means for supplying a chemically reactive agent into said reaction chamber, and said chemically reactive agent inactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said first preselected temperature and said first preselected pressure, and at said lower vibronic energy state, and reactive with said molecules of said mixture for said molecules at said higher, vibronic energy state; means for irradiating said mixture with photons having energy at said predetermined photon frequency corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules containing said atoms of said isotope to be separated to induce the chemical reaction with said chemically reactive agent at said higher vibronic energy state to provide a chemical reaction compound containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated at a second preselected physicochemical state different from said first preselected physicochemical state, and said means for irradiating said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules further comprises: means for generating a beam of coherent photons having energy in frequencies corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules; and filter cell means for filtering said beam of coherent photons to remove therefrom photons having energy at frequencies corresponding to said photon inducible transitions of said molecules in said mixture other than said molecules containing atoms of the predetermined isotope to be separated; and means for selectively removing said chemical reaction compound from said reaction chamber.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
92 words
The arrangement defined in claim 16 wherein said filter cell further comprises: a body member having walls defining a filter cell cavity; and a filter mixture in said filter cell cavity of said chemically identical but said isotopically different molecules of the type contained in said reaction chamber and said filter mixture free of molecules containing atoms of said predetermined isotope to be separated, and said filter mixture at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure, and at said lower vibronic energy state and at said first preselected physicochemical state.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
The arrangement defined in claim 17 wherein said means for generating a beam of coherent photons comprises a tunable laser and said filter cell is external to said laser.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
The arrangement defined in claim 17 wherein said means for generating a coherent beam of photons comprises a tunable laser and said filter cell is positioned in said laser.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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