US5007086A
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Apparatus and method for generating low level noise signals
Assignee: Xylon LLC
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Filing: 1990-07-16
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Granted: 1991-04-09
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Expires: 2010-07-16
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for generating low level noise signals are provided. Two random numbers X 1 and Y 1 are first generated and bits 0-4 of the first random number X 1 are extracted to produce a number X 2 . A number X 3 is further computed by the formula: X 3 =2 -N (X 2 ·I), where N is a predetermined number and 1≦I≧2 N -1. Bit 7 of the second random number Y 1 is then extracted and combined as a sign bit with the computed number X 3 to produce a sign-magnitude eight bit number W representing a sample of low level noise encoded in accordance with μ-law.
Inventors
- 👤 Kishan Shenoi
- 👤 Helena S. Ho
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 21:18
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04B; H04B14/00; H04B14/02; H04B14/04; H04B14/046; H04B14/048
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 50
Claim 1
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for generating low level noise samples, comprising the steps of: producing a first random number having a first predetermined number of bits; masking out a second predetermined number of most significant bits of said random number and producing a second random number; adjusting said second random number to achieve a desired power level; adjusting said adjusted random number to achieve a desired power level granularity; and randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said adjusted random number and producing a noise sample.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for generating low level noise samples, comprising the steps of: producing a first random number having a first predetermined number of bits; masking out a second predetermined number of most significant bits of said random number and producing a second random number; adjusting said second random number to achieve a desired power level; adjusting said adjusted random number to achieve a desired power level granularity; and randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said adjusted random number and producing a noise sample.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the step of inverting the bit values of said produced noise sample.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said masking step comprises bit-wise ANDing said random number with a predetermined bit mask.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said bit-wise ANDing step performs the AND operation on said random number and said predetermined bit mask, said mask having 1's in the five least significant bits and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said power level adjusting step comprises multiplying said second random number with a third predetermined number I.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method, as set forth in claim 5, wherein said power level granularity adjusting step comprises right shifting said power level-adjusted second random number by a predetermined number of places N.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method, as set forth in claim 6, wherein said power level and granularity adjusting steps includes adjusting said second random number with I and N, where 1≦I≦2 N -1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method, as set forth in claim 6, wherein said right shifting step shifts said adjusted second random number by N, where 4≦N≦7.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said power level granularity adjusting step comprises right shifting said power level-adjusted second random number by a predetermined number of places.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said sign bit generating step comprises the steps of: generating a random number; and bit-wise ANDing said random number with a predetermined bit mask, said mask having a 1 at a predetermined sign bit position and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein said random number generating step generates said random number with a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first random number producing step produces said first random number with a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said noise sample generated is in accordance with the μ-law encoding scheme.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
80 words
A method for generating low level noise signals, comprising the steps of: generating a random number represented by m number of bits; extracting the n least significant bits of said random number, where m>n; multiplying said extracted n bits by a first predetermined number I and producing a product; right shifting the bits of said product by a second predetermined number N places; and randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said right shifted bits and producing a noise sample.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
80 words
A method for generating low level noise signals, comprising the steps of: generating a random number represented by m number of bits; extracting the n least significant bits of said random number, where m>n; multiplying said extracted n bits by a first predetermined number I and producing a product; right shifting the bits of said product by a second predetermined number N places; and randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said right shifted bits and producing a noise sample.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, further comprising the step of inverting the bits of said noise sample.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said multiplying step multiplies said first extracted n bits by said predetermined number I, where I is greater than and equal to 1 and less than and equal to 2 N -1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said generating step generates said random number with a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said random sign bit has a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said extracting step comprises the step of bit-wise ANDing said random number with a predetermined mask, where the five least significant bits are 1's and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said random number generating step generates said random number representable in m bits, where m is greater than eight.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said right shifting step shifts said product by N, where N is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 7.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said noise sample generated is in accordance with the μ-law encoding scheme.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
130 words
A method for generating low level noise signals, comprising the steps of: generating a first and second random number X 1 and Y 1 , each said random number represented in bits 0-n, where bit , 0 is the least significant bit and n is greater than 7; extracting bits 0-4 of said first random number X 1 and producing a number X 2 ; computing a number X 3 by the following formula: X.sub.3 =2.sup.-N (X.sub.2 ·I), where N is a predetermined number and 1≦I≦2 N -1; extracting bit 7 of said second random number Y 1 ; and combining said extracted bit 7 as a sign bit with said computed number X 3 and producing a sign-magnitude eight bit number W representing a sample of low level noise.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
130 words
A method for generating low level noise signals, comprising the steps of: generating a first and second random number X 1 and Y 1 , each said random number represented in bits 0-n, where bit , 0 is the least significant bit and n is greater than 7; extracting bits 0-4 of said first random number X 1 and producing a number X 2 ; computing a number X 3 by the following formula: X.sub.3 =2.sup.-N (X.sub.2 ·I), where N is a predetermined number and 1≦I≦2 N -1; extracting bit 7 of said second random number Y 1 ; and combining said extracted bit 7 as a sign bit with said computed number X 3 and producing a sign-magnitude eight bit number W representing a sample of low level noise.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, comprising additionally the step of inverting every bit of noise sample W.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, wherein said first and second random number generating step generates X 1 and Y 1 with uniform probability distribution functions.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, wherein said first extracting step comprises the step of bit-wise ANDing said first random number X 1 with a predetermined mask, where bits 0-4 thereof are 1's and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, where said second extracting step comprises the step of bit-wise ANDing said second random number Y 1 with a predetermined mask, where bit 7 thereof is a 1 and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, wherein said combining step comprises the step of bit-wise ORing said extracted sign bit with said number X 3 .
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method, as set forth in claim 23, wherein said noise sample generated is in accordance with the μ-law encoding scheme.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for generating low level noise signals, comprising: means for generating a random number represented by m number of bits; means for extracting the n least significant bits of said random number, where m >n; means for multiplying said extracted n bits by a first predetermined number I and producing a product; means for right shifting the bits of said product by a second predetermined number N places; and means for randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said right shifted bits and producing a noise sample.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for generating low level noise signals, comprising: means for generating a random number represented by m number of bits; means for extracting the n least significant bits of said random number, where m >n; means for multiplying said extracted n bits by a first predetermined number I and producing a product; means for right shifting the bits of said product by a second predetermined number N places; and means for randomly generating a sign bit, combining with said right shifted bits and producing a noise sample.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, further comprising means for inverting the bits of said noise sample.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein said first predetermined number I is greater than and equal to 1 and less than and equal to 2 N -1.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein said random number has a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein said random sign bit has a uniform probability distribution function.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein said extracting means further comprises means for bit-wise ANDing said random number with a predetermined mask, where the five least significant bits are 1's and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein the number of bits m of said random number is greater than eight.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein N is greater than and equal to 4 and less than and equal to 7.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 30, wherein said noise sample generated is in accordance with the μ-law encoding scheme.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
136 words
A apparatus for generating low level noise signals, comprising: means for generating a first and second random number X 1 and Y 1 , each said random number represented in bits 0-n, where bit 0 is the least significant bit and n is greater than 7; means for extracting bits 0-4 of said first random number X 1 and producing a number X 2 ; means for computing a number X 3 by the following formula: X.sub.3= 2.sup.-N (X.sub.2 ·I), where N is a predetermined number and 1≦I≦2 N -1; means for extracting bit 7 of said second random number Y 1 ; and means for combining said extracted bit 7 as a sign bit with said computed number X 3 and producing a sign-magnitude eight bit number W representing a sample of low level noise.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
136 words
A apparatus for generating low level noise signals, comprising: means for generating a first and second random number X 1 and Y 1 , each said random number represented in bits 0-n, where bit 0 is the least significant bit and n is greater than 7; means for extracting bits 0-4 of said first random number X 1 and producing a number X 2 ; means for computing a number X 3 by the following formula: X.sub.3= 2.sup.-N (X.sub.2 ·I), where N is a predetermined number and 1≦I≦2 N -1; means for extracting bit 7 of said second random number Y 1 ; and means for combining said extracted bit 7 as a sign bit with said computed number X 3 and producing a sign-magnitude eight bit number W representing a sample of low level noise.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, comprising additionally means for inverting every bit of noise sample W.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, wherein said first and second random number generating step generates X 1 and Y 1 with uniform probability distribution functions.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, wherein said first extracting means comprises means for bit-wise ANDing said first random number X 1 with a predetermined mask, where bits 0-4 thereof are 1's and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, where said second extracting means comprises means for bit-wise ANDing said second random number Y 1 with a predetermined mask, where bit 7 thereof is a 1 and 0's elsewhere.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, wherein said combining means comprises means for bit-wise ORing said extracted sign bit with said number X 3 .
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus, as set forth in claim 39, wherein said noise sample generated is in accordance with the μ-law encoding scheme.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4545024A
Cited
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