US4545024A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Hybrid natural random number generator
Assignee: Nokia Bell Labs
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Filing: 1983-04-27
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Granted: 1985-10-01
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Expires: 2003-04-27
Abstract
Abstract A digital processor (16) is disclosed for improving the statistical characteristics of nondeterministic random-like binary sequence. The basic elements of the digital processor are a feedback loop comprising a delay (17) and a signal combiner (18) and a subsampler (19). Maximum performance of the digital processor is achieved when a relatively prime relationship exists between number of cells in the delay (17) and ratio of the original signaling rate to the output signaling rate of the subsampler (19). Mathematical analysis is presented for showing that the digital processor improves both the equidistribution of the binary variable and autocorrelation statistic of output signal over the nondeterministic random-like binary signal. A further improvement in statistical properties is obtained by using two digital processors (116 and 121) in serial fashion.
Inventors
- 👤 David P. Maher
- 👤 Robert J. Rance
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 10:27
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03K; H03K3/00; H03K3/84
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
70 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like sequence, for producing an output signal sequence having an even distribution of signal states and uncorrelated occurrences of signal states, said output sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
70 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like sequence, for producing an output signal sequence having an even distribution of signal states and uncorrelated occurrences of signal states, said output sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
79 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like binary sequence of signal states at a first rate, and first signal processing means, connected to receive the random-like binary sequence, for producing an output signal sequence having more even equiprobability of signal states than the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence and having its covariance reduced to essentially zero, said output sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
79 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like binary sequence of signal states at a first rate, and first signal processing means, connected to receive the random-like binary sequence, for producing an output signal sequence having more even equiprobability of signal states than the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence and having its covariance reduced to essentially zero, said output sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
69 words
A signal source according to claim 2 wherein the first signal processing means comprises means for combining each received signal state with associated priorly-received signal states, feedback means comprising delay for providing said priorly-received signal states from the combined signal states, and sampling means for sampling the combined signal states at a rate lower than the first rate so that only selected signal states form the output signal sequence.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
40 words
A signal source according to claim 3 wherein the delay stores a number of signal states and said number and the numerical ratio of the first rate divided by the second rate are relatively prime with respect to one another.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
103 words
A signal source according to claim 4 further comprising a second signal processing means, connected to receive the output signal sequence, for providing a second output signal sequence having further improved statistical random properties relative to said output signal sequence, said second signal processing means comprising second means for combining each signal state and associated priorly-received received signal states of said output sequence, second feedback means comprising second delay for providing said priorly-received signal states of said output sequence from the combined signal states formed by said second combining means, and second means for sampling said combined signal states at a third rate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The signal source of claim 5 wherein said third rate is a selected fraction of said second rate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
93 words
A random signal generator comprising noise generating means for producing an analog noise signal, converting means for changing the analog noise signal into a nondeterministic random-like signal sequence having signal states occurring at a first rate, and processing means for producing another nondeterministic random sequence from the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, the random sequence having a more uniform distribution of signal states and greater independence of signal state occurrence than the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, said random sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
93 words
A random signal generator comprising noise generating means for producing an analog noise signal, converting means for changing the analog noise signal into a nondeterministic random-like signal sequence having signal states occurring at a first rate, and processing means for producing another nondeterministic random sequence from the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, the random sequence having a more uniform distribution of signal states and greater independence of signal state occurrence than the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, said random sequence being produced at a second rate which is a fixed submultiple of said first rate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The generator of claim 7 wherein said first and second rates are independent of said noise signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
61 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like sequence, for solely producing an output signal sequence at a second rate, said output signal sequence having an even distribution of signal states and uncorrelated occurrences of signal states.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
61 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like sequence, for solely producing an output signal sequence at a second rate, said output signal sequence having an even distribution of signal states and uncorrelated occurrences of signal states.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
71 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like binary sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and first signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence, for solely producing an output signal sequence at a second rate, said output signal sequence having more even equiprobability of states than the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence and having its covariance reduced to essentially zero.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
71 words
A random signal source comprising signal generating means for producing a nondeterministic random-like binary sequence of signal states occurring at a first rate, and first signal processing means, connected to receive the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence, for solely producing an output signal sequence at a second rate, said output signal sequence having more even equiprobability of states than the nondeterministic random-like binary sequence and having its covariance reduced to essentially zero.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
80 words
A random signal generator comprising noise generating means for producing an analog noise signal, converting means for changing the analog noise signal into a nondeterministic random-like signal sequence having signal states occurring at a first rate, and processing means for solely producing at a second rate another nondeterministic random sequence from the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, the random sequence having a more uniform distribution of signal states and greater independence of signal state occurrence than the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
80 words
A random signal generator comprising noise generating means for producing an analog noise signal, converting means for changing the analog noise signal into a nondeterministic random-like signal sequence having signal states occurring at a first rate, and processing means for solely producing at a second rate another nondeterministic random sequence from the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence, the random sequence having a more uniform distribution of signal states and greater independence of signal state occurrence than the nondeterministic random-like signal sequence.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-09-30 | 1989-04-01 | 1989-10-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-09-30 | 1993-04-01 | 1993-10-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-09-30 | 1997-04-01 | 1997-10-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |