US4963845A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Synthesis of electrical impedances
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1989-03-29
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Granted: 1990-10-16
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Expires: 2009-03-29
Abstract
Abstract A monodirectional, current-reducing impedance magnifier (MCRIM) provides continuously variable magnification of any general impedance Z 0 without affecting its phase charateristics. The monodirectional, current-reducing impedance magnifier circuit realizes floating resistors, inductors and capacitors, suitable for use over any range of frequencies, and the simulated impedance is continuously user-variable over wide ranges. In another embodiment, a monodirectional, generalized impedance synthesizer (MGIS) permits simulation of user-variable floating impedances whose phase and frequency characteristics are widely subject to design objectives. In addition to realizing all conventional circuit elements R, L and C, including positive and negative values thereof, the MGIS produces an infinite set of alternatives for the simulation of user-variable resistance and reactance functions of frequency. The MGIS is also usable over any bandwidth.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert L. Collier
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 06:21
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03H; H03H11/00; H03H11/02; H03H11/40; H03H11/405; H03H11/46; H03H11/48; H03H11/53
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
A network for simulating an impedance having a passive source terminal and an autonomous source terminal for coupling a passive source potential to an autonomous source potential, respectively, said network comprising, in combination: a potentiometer having a maximum resistance value R connected across said passive source terminal and said autonomous source terminal, said potentiometer having a divider tap dividing said potentiometer into a first section having a resistance value R T and a second section having a resistance value R-R T , thereby defining a voltage divider circuit; a unity gain voltage follower amplifier having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal of said voltage follower amplifier being connected to the divider tap of said potentiometer; and an impedance Z 0 being coupled between the output terminal of said voltage follower amplifier and said passive source terminal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
140 words
A network for simulating an impedance having a passive source terminal and an autonomous source terminal for coupling a passive source potential to an autonomous source potential, respectively, said network comprising, in combination: a potentiometer having a maximum resistance value R connected across said passive source terminal and said autonomous source terminal, said potentiometer having a divider tap dividing said potentiometer into a first section having a resistance value R T and a second section having a resistance value R-R T , thereby defining a voltage divider circuit; a unity gain voltage follower amplifier having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal of said voltage follower amplifier being connected to the divider tap of said potentiometer; and an impedance Z 0 being coupled between the output terminal of said voltage follower amplifier and said passive source terminal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
193 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional general impedance, said network having a passive source terminal and an autonomous source terminal for coupling a passive source potential to an autonomous source potential, respectively, said network comprising, in combination: first and second pairs of impedances (Z 1 , Z 2 ) and (Z 3 , Z 4 ); first and second cascaded differential amplifier stages, each differential amplifier stage including a differential amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a noninverting input terminal and an output terminal; the first stage inverting input terminal being coupled to the autonomous source terminal by the impedance Z 1 and also being coupled to the first stage output terminal by the impedance Z 2 ; the second stage inverting input terminal being coupled to the output terminal of the first stage by the impedance Z 3 and also being coupled to the second stage output terminal by the impedance Z 4 ; the non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier in each stage being connected to the passive source terminal; and, an impedance Z 0 connecting the passive source terminal to the output terminal of the second differential amplifier stage.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
193 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional general impedance, said network having a passive source terminal and an autonomous source terminal for coupling a passive source potential to an autonomous source potential, respectively, said network comprising, in combination: first and second pairs of impedances (Z 1 , Z 2 ) and (Z 3 , Z 4 ); first and second cascaded differential amplifier stages, each differential amplifier stage including a differential amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a noninverting input terminal and an output terminal; the first stage inverting input terminal being coupled to the autonomous source terminal by the impedance Z 1 and also being coupled to the first stage output terminal by the impedance Z 2 ; the second stage inverting input terminal being coupled to the output terminal of the first stage by the impedance Z 3 and also being coupled to the second stage output terminal by the impedance Z 4 ; the non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier in each stage being connected to the passive source terminal; and, an impedance Z 0 connecting the passive source terminal to the output terminal of the second differential amplifier stage.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
107 words
A method for simulating a floating two terminal electrical impedance Z SIM for coupling a first terminal of potential E to a second terminal of potential E A comprising the steps: directly coupling the terminal of potential E through a preselected impedance Z 0 to the output of an amplifier; driving the input of said amplifier to generate a potential v on the output of said amplifier, where v is a function of E-E A ; and, controlling the potential v on the output of said amplifier for the purpose of causing the current I entering the terminal of potential E to satisfy the relation: I=(E-V)/Z.sub.0 =(E-E.sub.A)/Z.sub.SIM.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
107 words
A method for simulating a floating two terminal electrical impedance Z SIM for coupling a first terminal of potential E to a second terminal of potential E A comprising the steps: directly coupling the terminal of potential E through a preselected impedance Z 0 to the output of an amplifier; driving the input of said amplifier to generate a potential v on the output of said amplifier, where v is a function of E-E A ; and, controlling the potential v on the output of said amplifier for the purpose of causing the current I entering the terminal of potential E to satisfy the relation: I=(E-V)/Z.sub.0 =(E-E.sub.A)/Z.sub.SIM.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
134 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional impedance having a passive terminal and an autonomous terminal, said network simulating an impedance coupling said passive terminal to the potential externally applied at said autonomous terminal, said network comprising, in combination: a differential-voltage amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, said non-inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier being connected to said passive terminal; a first impedance coupling said passive terminal of said network to the potential of said output terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier; a second impedance coupling said inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier to the potential of said output terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier; a third impedance coupling said inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier to the potential of said autonomous terminal of said network.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
134 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional impedance having a passive terminal and an autonomous terminal, said network simulating an impedance coupling said passive terminal to the potential externally applied at said autonomous terminal, said network comprising, in combination: a differential-voltage amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, said non-inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier being connected to said passive terminal; a first impedance coupling said passive terminal of said network to the potential of said output terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier; a second impedance coupling said inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier to the potential of said output terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier; a third impedance coupling said inverting input terminal of said differential-voltage amplifier to the potential of said autonomous terminal of said network.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
91 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional impedance having a passive terminal and an autonomous terminal, said network simulating an impedance Z SIM for coupling said passive terminal, having potential E, to the potential E A externally applied at said autonomous terminal, said network comprising, in combination: an amplifier, an impedance Z 0 coupling said passive terminal to an output terminal of said amplifier, and means coupled to the input of said amplifier for causing the potential V on said output terminal of said amplifier to identically satisfy the equation (E-V)/Z.sub.0 =(E-E.sub.A)/Z.sub.SIM.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
91 words
A network for simulating a monodirectional impedance having a passive terminal and an autonomous terminal, said network simulating an impedance Z SIM for coupling said passive terminal, having potential E, to the potential E A externally applied at said autonomous terminal, said network comprising, in combination: an amplifier, an impedance Z 0 coupling said passive terminal to an output terminal of said amplifier, and means coupled to the input of said amplifier for causing the potential V on said output terminal of said amplifier to identically satisfy the equation (E-V)/Z.sub.0 =(E-E.sub.A)/Z.sub.SIM.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-04-16 | 1994-10-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-10-15 | 1998-04-16 | 1998-10-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-10-15 | 2002-04-16 | 2002-10-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |