US4957890A — Surface treated permeable inorganic membranes and…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 127 words

A treated permeable inorganic membrane having a monomolecular layer of an organic material thereon and formed by treating the surface of a permeable inorganic membrane having oxide/hydroxide reactive sites with an organic acid to bond an acid group of the organic acid to the oxide/hydroxide sites on the membrane, the organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) phosphoric acid having the formula RPO(OH) 2 ; (b) phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); and (c) one or more precursors of the foregoing acids which decompose to form the acid functionality; where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group, R' comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group; and R" comprises a 2-30 carbon-containing group wherein excess organic acid material not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 127 words

A treated permeable inorganic membrane having a monomolecular layer of an organic material thereon and formed by treating the surface of a permeable inorganic membrane having oxide/hydroxide reactive sites with an organic acid to bond an acid group of the organic acid to the oxide/hydroxide sites on the membrane, the organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) phosphoric acid having the formula RPO(OH) 2 ; (b) phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); and (c) one or more precursors of the foregoing acids which decompose to form the acid functionality; where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group, R' comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group; and R" comprises a 2-30 carbon-containing group wherein excess organic acid material not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 33 words

The treated permeable inorganic membrane of claim 1 wherein said monomolecular layer of organic acid reactant is chemically bonded to at least 90% of the reactive sites on said permeable inorganic membrane surface.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 33 words

The treated permeable inorganic membrane of claim 1 wherein said monomolecular layer of organic acid reactant is chemically bonded to at least 99% of the reactive sites on said permeable inorganic membrane surface.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 27 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 1 wherein said coated membrane has an average pore size of from about 0.1 Å to about 1000 microns in diameter.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 116 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said membrane comprises one or more elements selected from the class consisting of Groups IIIa (Sc and Y), IVa (Ti, Zr, and Hf), Va (V, Nb, and Ta), VIa (Cr, Mo, and W), VIIa (Mn, Tc, and Re), VIII (Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt), Ib (Cu, Ag, and Au), IIb (Zn, Cd, and Hg), IIIb (B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl), IVb (Ge, Sn, and Pb), Vb (As, Sb, and Bi), an element in the lanthanide series, an element in the actinide series, mixtures thereof, and mixtures of Groups IIa (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) and VIb (Se, Te, and Po).

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 118 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said membrane comprises one or more oxide/hydroxides of elements selected from the class consisting of Groups IIIa (Sc and Y), IVa (Ti, Zr, and Hf), Va (V, Nb, and Ta), VIa (Cr, Mo, and W), VIIa (Mn, Tc, and Re), VIII (Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt), Ib (Cu, Ag, and Au), IIb (Zn, Cd, and Hg), IIIb (B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl), IVb (Ge, Sn, and Pb), Vb (As, Sb, and Bi), an element in the lanthanide series, an element in the actinide series, mixtures thereof, and mixtures of Groups IIa (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) and VIb (Se, Te, and Po).

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 37 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said membrane comprises one or more metals selected from the class consisting of Ti, Zr, Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ag, and Au.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 31 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said membrane comprises one or more oxides selected from the class consisting of aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and zeolites.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 26 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 8 wherein said membrane comprises one or more oxides selected from the class consisting of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 13 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 9 wherein said membrane comprises aluminum oxide.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 13 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 9 wherein said membrane comprises zirconium oxide.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 16 words

The permeable inorganic membrane material of claim 4 wherein said organic acid material comprises phosphonic acid.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 33 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein the thickness of said monomolecular layer of organic acid material chemically bonded to said membrane surface is in the range of 2 to 5,000 Å.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 33 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 13 wherein the thickness of said monomolecular layer of organic acid material chemically bonded to said membrane surface is in the range of 3 to 500 Å.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 22 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said R group of said organic acid material contains at least 5 carbon atoms.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 72 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said R group or said R' group comprises an organic radical selected from long and short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines, amides, thioamides, imides, lactams, anilines, pyridines, piperidines, anhydrides, carbohydrates, esters, lactones, ethers, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, nitriles, oximes, organosilicones, sulfur containing organic compounds, ureas, thioureas, perfluoro organic molecules, perchloro organic molecules, perbromo organic molecules and combinations of these groups.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 100 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 16 wherein said R group or said R' group has a functional group attached to a portion of said organic acid material spaced from the portion of said material bonded to said membrane surface and selected from the class consisting of a glucose group, a cyano group, a cyanate group, isocyanate group and thiocyanate group, a phenyl group, a diphenyl group, a tertiary butyl group, a sulfonic group, a benzyl sulfonic group, a halogen group, nitrate group, phosphate group, phosphinate group, phosphinite group, phosphonate group, quaternary ammonium salt group and combinations of these groups.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 38 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 16 wherein said organic acid material has attached thereto a group selected from the class consisting of --SO 3 H, --N + (CH 3 ) 3 Cl, --COONa, --NH 2 and --CN.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 28 words

The permeable inorganic membrane of claim 4 wherein said monomolecular layer of organic acid material is substantially free of hydroxyl groups after chemically bonding to said membrane surface.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 93 words

A permeable inorganic membrane selected from aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, said membrane having good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14, and having chemically bonded to oxide/hydroxide groups on the membrane surface thereof a monomolecular layer of a phosphonic acid material having the formula RPO(OH) 2 , where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group, and wherein excess phosphonic acid material not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed to ensure formation of said bonded monomolecular layer of said phosphonic acid material on the surfaces of said membrane.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 93 words

A permeable inorganic membrane selected from aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, said membrane having good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14, and having chemically bonded to oxide/hydroxide groups on the membrane surface thereof a monomolecular layer of a phosphonic acid material having the formula RPO(OH) 2 , where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group, and wherein excess phosphonic acid material not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed to ensure formation of said bonded monomolecular layer of said phosphonic acid material on the surfaces of said membrane.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 133 words

A process for chemically bonding a monomolecular layer of an organic acid material to a permeable inorganic membrane to form a coated permeable inorganic membrane which comprises: (a) providing a liquid containing an organic acid reactant therein selected from: (i) phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH) 2 ; (ii) phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); and (iii) one or more precursors of the foregoing acids which decompose to form the acid functionality; where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group and R' comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group; (b) contacting the membrane surface of said permeable inorganic membrane with said liquid containing said organic acid reactant to form a monomolecular layer of said organic acid material on said membrane surface; and (c) removing the excess acid not bonded to the underlying membrane surface.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 133 words

A process for chemically bonding a monomolecular layer of an organic acid material to a permeable inorganic membrane to form a coated permeable inorganic membrane which comprises: (a) providing a liquid containing an organic acid reactant therein selected from: (i) phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH) 2 ; (ii) phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); and (iii) one or more precursors of the foregoing acids which decompose to form the acid functionality; where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group and R' comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group; (b) contacting the membrane surface of said permeable inorganic membrane with said liquid containing said organic acid reactant to form a monomolecular layer of said organic acid material on said membrane surface; and (c) removing the excess acid not bonded to the underlying membrane surface.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 37 words

The process of claim 21 wherein said step of providing a liquid containing an organic acid reactant therein further comprises maintaining a concentration of said organic acid reactant in said liquid of at least about 0.001 molar.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 35 words

The process of claim 21 wherein said step of contacting said membrane surface with said liquid containing said organic acid reactant further comprises maintaining said contact for from about 0.01 second to about 20 hours.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 34 words

The process of claim 23 wherein said step of contacting said membrane surface with said liquid containing said organic acid reactant further comprises maintaining said contact for from about 0.5 to about 4 hours.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 42 words

The process of claim 21 wherein said step of contacting said membrane surface with said liquid containing said organic acid reactant further comprises maintaining the temperature of the reactants within a range of about 5 to 150° C. during said contacting step.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1993-09-17	1994-03-19	1994-09-18	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1997-09-17	1998-03-19	1998-09-18	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2001-09-17	2002-03-19	2002-09-18	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Surface treated permeable inorganic membranes and method of making same

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