US4941753A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Absorption microscopy and/or spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy control
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1989-04-07
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Granted: 1990-07-17
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Expires: 2009-04-07
Abstract
Abstract High resolution absorption microscopy, spectroscopy and similar applications are implemented by providing for a measurement tip which is maintained spaced from a sample under investigation sufficiently close so as to equalize thermal levels in the tip and the sample; generally within about 10 Angstroms. Energy is applied to the sample being investigated and either a steady state or dynamic junction potential is measured. The junction potential is representative of local sample temperature. The close separation can be maintained by techniques employed in scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy or capacitance microscopy. In the event the close separation is maintained using scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, then a switching arrangement is provided for connecting a conductive film (either of the sample or supported on a sample) to either a suitable potential or ground and simultaneously connecting the STM tip either in a feedback loop or to a device for measuring the junction potential. The feedback loop, in addition to conventional operational amplifier components, includes a sample and hold element to maintain the input voltage to an operational amplifier in the feedback loop during those times that the measurement tip is connected to the junction potential measurement device, as opposed to being connected in the STM feedback loop. The spectroscopy application uses similar architecture, althrough the energy source is tunable.
Inventors
- 👤 Hemantha K. Wickramasinghe
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 06:56
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01Q; G01Q60/00; G01Q60/10; G01Q60/12; B; B82; B82Y; B82Y35/00; G01B; G01B7/00; G01B7/02; G01B7/023; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S977/00; Y10S977/84; Y10S977/849; Y10S977/852; Y10S977/86; Y10S977/867
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
Apparatus for absorption measurements comprising: a sample with a conductive surface, means for supporting said sample for measurement, means for directing energy onto said sample to cause local heating of the sample, a thermal measurement tip, support means for maintaining said thermal measurement tip within about 10 A° of said conductive surface, and measurement means coupled to said thermal measurement tip for measuring a junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
75 words
Apparatus for absorption measurements comprising: a sample with a conductive surface, means for supporting said sample for measurement, means for directing energy onto said sample to cause local heating of the sample, a thermal measurement tip, support means for maintaining said thermal measurement tip within about 10 A° of said conductive surface, and measurement means coupled to said thermal measurement tip for measuring a junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said sample is non conductive and said conductive surface comprises a thin conductive film supported by said sample and lying between said sample and said thermal measurement tip.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said means for supporting said sample comprises a substrate transparent to said energy and interposed between said means for directing energy and said sample.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
56 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said sample is non conductive, said means for supporting said sample comprises a support with said conductive surface, said means for directing said energy and said thermal measurement tip are located adjacent one surface of said sample and said conductive surface is adjacent a different surface of said sample.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising mapping means supporting the thermal measurement tip and the support means for providing relative movement between the thermal measurement tip and the sample so as to scan a region of the sample.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
129 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said support means comprises tunneling current means for maintaining separation between said thermal measurement tip and said sample, said tunneling current means including: a piezoelectric drive for controlling movement of said thermal measurement tip toward and away from said sample, a two position switch, an operational amplifier with an output coupled to said piezoelectric drive, said operational amplifier having an input connected through said two position switch, in a first position, to said thermal measurement tip for conducting tunneling current from said thermal measurement tip, and wherein said measurement means comprises a current detector, an amplifier with an output connected to said current detector and an input connected through said two position switch, in a second position, to said thermal measurement tip.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said means for directing energy directs time modulated energy onto said sample and wherein said measurement means detects an AC junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 7 which further includes timing means for enabling said means for directing energy and for controlling the position of said two position switch.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
33 words
Apparatus as recited in claim 1 for absorption spectroscopy wherein said means for directing energy includes tuning means for varying a wavelength of energy directed onto said sample as a function of time.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
66 words
A method or effecting absorption measurements comprising: (a) supporting a sample with a conductive surface for measurement, (b) directing energy onto said sample to cause local heating of the sample, (c) supporting a thermal measurement tip sufficiently close to said conductive surface to equalize Fermi levels between said tip and surface, and (d) measuring a junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
66 words
A method or effecting absorption measurements comprising: (a) supporting a sample with a conductive surface for measurement, (b) directing energy onto said sample to cause local heating of the sample, (c) supporting a thermal measurement tip sufficiently close to said conductive surface to equalize Fermi levels between said tip and surface, and (d) measuring a junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as recited in claim 10 wherein said step (c) maintains a separation between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface of about 10 Angstroms.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as recited in claim 10 or 11 wherein said step (b) further includes tuning a wavelength of the energy directed at said sample as a function of time.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as recited in claim 10 or 11 wherein said step (a) includes providing a substrate transparent to said energy and directing said energy through said substrate to said sample.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method as recited in claim 10 or 11 wherein said sample is non conductive, said step (a) includes providing a support with said conductive surface, said step (b) includes directing said energy toward one surface of said sample and maintaining said conductive surface adjacent a different surface of said sample.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as recited in claim 10 which further includes mapping said the thermal measurement tip relative to the sample so as to scan a region of the sample.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as recited in claim 11 wherein said step (c) includes (ci) generating tunneling current between said thermal measurement tip and the sample, and (cii) monitoring said tunneling current to maintain said separation.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as recited in claim 16 wherein said monitoring step is interrupted when said measurement of step (d) is effected.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as recited in claim 10 or 11 wherein said step (b) includes time modulating said energy and said step (d) includes detecting an AC junction potential between said thermal measurement tip and said conductive surface
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as recited in claim 18 wherein said step (c) includes (ci) generating tunneling current between said thermal measurement tip and the sample, and (cii) monitoring said tunneling current to maintain said separation.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as recited in claim 19 wherein said monitoring step is interrupted when said measurement of step (d) is effected.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as recited in claim 12 wherein said step a) includes providing a substrate transparent to said energy and directing said energy through said substrate to said sample.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method as recited in claim 12 wherein said sample is non conductive, said step (a) includes providing a support with said conductive surface, said step (b) includes directing said energy toward one surface of said sample and maintaining said conductive surface adjacent a different surface of said sample.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-07-16 | 1994-01-15 | 1994-07-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-07-16 | 1998-01-15 | 1998-07-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-07-16 | 2002-01-15 | 2002-07-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |