US4928310A
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Pseudorandom pulse code generators using electro-optical XOR gates
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corp
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Filing: 1989-07-17
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Granted: 1990-05-22
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Expires: 2009-07-17
Abstract
Abstract Pseudorandom pulse code generators utilize XOR gates constructed of a pair of back to back parallel connected laser diodes, and fiber optic delay lines connecting the XOR gates to generate PN code sequences with tens of Gbits/s data rates. The single tap generator uses a fiber optic line of a length representing a selected number of delay stages connected to the optical output of the XOR gate and with optical splitters at the end of the delay line and at a selected delay stage feeding back optical signals to the optical inputs of the XOR gate to produce the PN sequence at the end of the delay line. Multi-tap generators utilize additional electro-optical XOR gates connected in serial-parallel, or preferably in a converging cascade arrangement to feed back pulses to the delay line. A syncopated PN code generator uses the electro-optical XOR gates to multiplex codes generated by syncopated pairs of relatively slow electronic shift register code generators with the required phase shifting provided by diffeence in the lengths of the optic fibers connected successive stages of XOR gates.
Inventors
- 👤 Anastosios P. Goutzoulis
- 👤 David K. Davies
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 12:47
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03K; H03K3/00; H03K3/84; H04; H04L; H04L9/00; H04L9/06; H04L9/065; H04L9/0656; H04L9/0662; H04L2209/00; H04L2209/12; H04L2209/125
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
92 words
A code generator generating pseudorandom digital codes comprising: a source of optical pulses; a plurality of optical XOR gates each having at least two optical inputs and one optical output; and optical fiber means interconnecting the optical outputs of selected of said XOR gates to selected inputs of other of said XOR gates in a pattern which generates a single optical output representing said pseudorandom digital code, said optic fiber means having lengths selected to effect selected delays in the transmission of light pulses between selected ones of said optical XOR gates.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
92 words
A code generator generating pseudorandom digital codes comprising: a source of optical pulses; a plurality of optical XOR gates each having at least two optical inputs and one optical output; and optical fiber means interconnecting the optical outputs of selected of said XOR gates to selected inputs of other of said XOR gates in a pattern which generates a single optical output representing said pseudorandom digital code, said optic fiber means having lengths selected to effect selected delays in the transmission of light pulses between selected ones of said optical XOR gates.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
161 words
The code generator of claim 1 wherein said optic fiber means comprises optic fibers connecting said plurality of optical XOR gates in a converging cascade arrangement funneling light pulses injected into a preselected number of said plurality of optical XOR gates to a single optical XOR gate, a fiber optic delay line having a plurality of delay stages between an input end and an output end and having the input end connected to the optical output of said single optical XOR gate, a plurality of optical splitters connecting selected ones of said delay stages in said delay line to the optical inputs of said preselected number of optical XOR gates, and an optical combiner connected to said source of optical pulses and to said delay line injecting initializing optical pulses into said delay line, said output end of said fiber optic delay line being said single output at which said pseudorandom digital code is generated as a sequence of light pulses.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
191 words
The code generator of claim 1 wherein said source of light pulses comprises a plurality of pairs of syncopated electronic pseudorandom pulse code generators and an electronic to optical XOR gate having two electronic inputs and a single optical output for each pair of syncopated electronic pseudorandom pulse code generators with the output of each of the electronic pseudorandom pulse code generators in each pair connected to one of the electronic inputs of one of the electronic to optical XOR gates, and wherein said optic fibers comprise first pairs of optic fibers connecting pairs of said electronic to optical XOR gates to the optical inputs of one of said optical XOR gates, and additional pairs of optic fibers connecting the optical XOR gates in a converging cascade arrangement funneling light pulses to a single optical XOR gate the output of which is said pseudorandom digital code, said pairs of optic fibers including one fiber which is longer than the other by an amount which delays light pulses transmitted thereby by intervals separating in time pulses in said pseudorandom digital code resulting from pulses generated by the electronic pseudorandom pulse code generators.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
202 words
A code generator for generating a pseudorandom optical pulse code from a series of input light pulses having a selected clock rate: at least one XOR gate having two optical inputs and one optical output; a fiber optic delay line having a length equal to a selected number of delay stages, with each delay stage length being equal to the speed of light in said fiber optic delay line divided by said clock rate, said fiber optic delay line having an input end connected to the optical output of said XOR gate and an output end at which said pseudorandom optical pulse code is generated; a first optical splitter adjacent said output end of said delay line feeding back light pulses appearing at the output end of said delay line to one of said optical inputs to said XOR gate; a second optical splitter inserted into said fiber optic delay line at a selected number of delay stages from the input end of said fiber optic delay line feeding back light pulses in said fiber optic delay line into the other optical input of said XOR gate; and an optical combiner injecting said input light pulses into said fiber optic delay line.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
202 words
A code generator for generating a pseudorandom optical pulse code from a series of input light pulses having a selected clock rate: at least one XOR gate having two optical inputs and one optical output; a fiber optic delay line having a length equal to a selected number of delay stages, with each delay stage length being equal to the speed of light in said fiber optic delay line divided by said clock rate, said fiber optic delay line having an input end connected to the optical output of said XOR gate and an output end at which said pseudorandom optical pulse code is generated; a first optical splitter adjacent said output end of said delay line feeding back light pulses appearing at the output end of said delay line to one of said optical inputs to said XOR gate; a second optical splitter inserted into said fiber optic delay line at a selected number of delay stages from the input end of said fiber optic delay line feeding back light pulses in said fiber optic delay line into the other optical input of said XOR gate; and an optical combiner injecting said input light pulses into said fiber optic delay line.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
120 words
The code generator of claim 4 wherein said XOR gates each comprise first and second diode-type light sources each having a cathode and an anode, first and second electrical leads connecting said first and second diode-type light sources back to back in parallel with the anode of each diode-type light source connected to the cathode of the other diode-type light source, first and second optical detectors serving as the inputs to said XOR gate and connected to said first and second electrical leads respectively, and a two to one optical combiner having first and second inputs gathering light emitted from the first and second diode-type light sources respectively and a single output forming said optical output of said XOR gate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The code generator of claim 5 wherein said diode-type light sources are laser diodes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The code generator of claim 5 including amplifiers connected between said optical detectors and said first and second electrical leads.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
124 words
The code generator of claim 4 including a second XOR gate having two optical inputs and a single optical output connected between the optical output of said at least one XOR gate and the input of the delay line with the output of said at least one XOR gate connected to one of said optical inputs of the second XOR gate and the output of the second XOR gate connected to the input end of the fiber optic delay line, and including a third optical splitter inserted in said delay line a predetermined number of delay stages from the input of said fiber optic delay line feeding back optical pulses from the delay line to the second optical input to said second XOR gate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
103 words
The code generator of claim 4 including multiple XOR gates each having two optical inputs and a single optical output, optic fibers connecting said plurality of XOR gates in a converging cascade arrangement funneling light pulses fed back into a preselected number of said plurality of XOR gates to a single XOR gate, and a plurality of optical splitters feeding back light pulses from selected ones of said delay stages in said delay line to the optical inputs of said preselected number of XOR gates, the optical output of said single XOR gate being connected to the input end of said delay line.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
120 words
The code generator of claim 9 wherein said XOR gates each comprise first and second diode-type light sources each having a cathode and an anode, first and second electrical leads connecting said first and second diode-type light sources back to back in parallel with the anode of each diode-type light source connected to the cathode of the other diode-type light source, first and second optical detectors serving as the inputs to said XOR gate and connected to said first and second electrical leads respectively and a two to one optical combiner having first and second inputs gathering light emitted from the first and second diode-type light sources respectively, and a single output forming said optical output of said XOR gate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The code generator of claim 10 including amplifiers connected between said optical detectors and said first and second electrical leads.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The code generator of claim 10 including in at least one of said XOR gates, switches in said electrical leads for selecting paths for light pulses through said XOR gates.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The code generator of claim 12 including amplifiers connected between said optical detectors and said first and second electrical leads in at least some of said XOR gates.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The code generator of claim 13 wherein said diode-type light sources are laser diodes.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
173 words
A code generator for generating a pseudorandom optical pulse code from a series of input light pulses comprising: a plurality of XOR gates having at least two optical inputs and a single optical output; optical fibers connecting said plurality of XOR gates in a converging cascade arrangement funneling optical pulses from a preselected number of said plurality of XOR gates to a single XOR gate; a fiber optic delay line having a plurality of delay stages between an input end and an output end with said input end connected to the optical input of said single XOR gate and with the pseudorandom optical pulse code being produced at the output end of said fiber optic delay line; a plurality of fiber optic splitters in said delay line connecting selected ones of said delay stages in said delay line to the optical inputs of said preselected number of XOR gates; and an optical combiner connected to the input end of said delay line injecting said input light pulses into said fiber optic delay line.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
173 words
A code generator for generating a pseudorandom optical pulse code from a series of input light pulses comprising: a plurality of XOR gates having at least two optical inputs and a single optical output; optical fibers connecting said plurality of XOR gates in a converging cascade arrangement funneling optical pulses from a preselected number of said plurality of XOR gates to a single XOR gate; a fiber optic delay line having a plurality of delay stages between an input end and an output end with said input end connected to the optical input of said single XOR gate and with the pseudorandom optical pulse code being produced at the output end of said fiber optic delay line; a plurality of fiber optic splitters in said delay line connecting selected ones of said delay stages in said delay line to the optical inputs of said preselected number of XOR gates; and an optical combiner connected to the input end of said delay line injecting said input light pulses into said fiber optic delay line.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
120 words
The code generator of claim 15 wherein said XOR gates each comprise first and second diode-type light sources each having a cathode and an anode, first and second electrical leads connecting said first and second diode-type light sources back to back in parallel with the anode of each diode-type light source connected to the cathode of the other diode-type light source, first and second optical detectors serving as the inputs to said XOR gate and connected to said first and second electrical leads respectively, and a two to one optical combiner having first and second inputs gathering light emitted from the first and second diode-type light sources respectively, and a single output forming said optical output of said XOR gate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The code generator of claim 16 wherein said diode-type light sources are laser diodes.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The code generator of claim 17 including amplifiers connected between said optical detectors and said first and second electrical leads.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
The encoder of claim 18 including in at least one of said XOR gates, switches in said electrical leads for selecting paths for light pulses through said XOR gates.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
220 words
A code generator for generating pseudorandom optical pulse codes comprising: a clock generating clock pulses at a selected clock rate; a plurality of pairs of electronic pseudorandom code generators each generating an electronic pulse code in response to said clock pulses; means delaying clock pulses to one electronic pseudorandom code generator in each pair of electronic code generators by one half said clock rate; a first set of XOR gates having two electronic inputs and a single optical output, with each of said first set of XOR gates having its electronic inputs connected to one of said pairs of said electronic pseudorandom code generators; a second set of XOR gates having two optical inputs and two optical outputs; and pairs of optical fibers connecting said XOR gates in successive converging cascaded stages funneling pulses from said first set of XOR gates to a single XOR gate in said second set of XOR gates, said pairs of optical fibers comprising one optical fiber which exceeds the length of the other optical fiber in the pair by an amount which delays pulses transmitted by said one optical fiber by one half the bit width of pulses transmitted by the pair, optical pulses appearing at the optical output of said single XOR gate in said second set being said pseudorandom optical pulse code.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
220 words
A code generator for generating pseudorandom optical pulse codes comprising: a clock generating clock pulses at a selected clock rate; a plurality of pairs of electronic pseudorandom code generators each generating an electronic pulse code in response to said clock pulses; means delaying clock pulses to one electronic pseudorandom code generator in each pair of electronic code generators by one half said clock rate; a first set of XOR gates having two electronic inputs and a single optical output, with each of said first set of XOR gates having its electronic inputs connected to one of said pairs of said electronic pseudorandom code generators; a second set of XOR gates having two optical inputs and two optical outputs; and pairs of optical fibers connecting said XOR gates in successive converging cascaded stages funneling pulses from said first set of XOR gates to a single XOR gate in said second set of XOR gates, said pairs of optical fibers comprising one optical fiber which exceeds the length of the other optical fiber in the pair by an amount which delays pulses transmitted by said one optical fiber by one half the bit width of pulses transmitted by the pair, optical pulses appearing at the optical output of said single XOR gate in said second set being said pseudorandom optical pulse code.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
128 words
The code generator of claim 20 wherein said XOR gates each comprise first and second diode-type light sources each having a cathode and an anode, first and second electrical leads connecting said first and second diode-type light sources back to back in parallel with the anode of each diode-type light source connected to the cathode of the other diode-type light source, and a two to one optical combiner having first and second inputs gathering light emitted from the first and second diode-type light sources respectively and a single output forming said optical output of said XOR gate said second set of XOR gates further including first and second optical detectors serving as the inputs to said XOR gate and connected to said first and second electrical leads respectively.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
The code generator of claim 21 including amplifiers connected between said optical detectors and said first and second electrical leads in said second set of XOR gates.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The code generator of claim 22 wherein said diode-type light sources comprise laser diodes.
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