US4912010A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process for producing toner
Assignee: Canon Inc
•
Filing: 1989-06-30
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Granted: 1990-03-27
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Expires: 2009-06-30
Abstract
Abstract A process for producing a toner comprising: heating a monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer and a release agent to a temperature not lower than the melting point or the softening point of said release agent to dissolve the release agent in the polymerizable monomer and thereby preparing a monomer composition in which the release agent is dissolved; cooling the monomer composition to a temperature lower than the melting point or the softening point of the release agent to precipitate said release agent and thereby preparing a monomer composition containing the precipitated releasing agent particles having a number average size of 0.5 to 5 μm; granulating in an aqueous dispersion medium the monomer composition to prepare a particle; carrying out suspension polymerization of the particle of the monomer composition at a temperature lower than the melting point or the softening point of the release agent.
Inventors
- 👤 Hiromi Mori
- 👤 Satoshi Matsunaga
- 👤 Kuniko Kobayashi
- 👤 Yoshihiko Hyosu
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 08:06
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/0802; G03G9/0804; G03G9/0806; G03G9/0812; G03G9/0819
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
171 words
A process for producing a toner, comprising the steps of: heating a monomer composition without a polymerization initiator, said composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and a polyolefin wax and being heated to a temperature of at least the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax so as to dissolve said polyolefin wax in said polymerizable monomer, thereby preparing a monomer composition in which said polyolefin wax is dissolved; cooling said monomer composition to a temperature which is lower than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax while stirring said monomer composition with a high-shear stirrer so as to precipitate said polyolefin wax and prepare a monomer composition containing precipitated polyolefin wax particles which have a number average particle size of 0.5 to 5 μm; mixing the cooled monomer composition with a polymerization initiator; granulating said monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium to prepare a particle; suspension polymerizing said particle of the monomer composition at a lower temperature than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
171 words
A process for producing a toner, comprising the steps of: heating a monomer composition without a polymerization initiator, said composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and a polyolefin wax and being heated to a temperature of at least the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax so as to dissolve said polyolefin wax in said polymerizable monomer, thereby preparing a monomer composition in which said polyolefin wax is dissolved; cooling said monomer composition to a temperature which is lower than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax while stirring said monomer composition with a high-shear stirrer so as to precipitate said polyolefin wax and prepare a monomer composition containing precipitated polyolefin wax particles which have a number average particle size of 0.5 to 5 μm; mixing the cooled monomer composition with a polymerization initiator; granulating said monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium to prepare a particle; suspension polymerizing said particle of the monomer composition at a lower temperature than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin wax has a melting point or softening point of 100°-170° C., and the monomer composition is heated to a temperature for dissolving the polyolefin wax.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein the monomer composition in which the polyolefin wax is dissolved is cooled to a temperature at least 20° C. lower than the melting point or softening point of the polyolefin wax to precipitate the polyolefin wax particle.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin wax is added in an amount of 1-30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin wax is added in an amount of 2-30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process according to claim 4, wherein the polymerization initiator has a half life of 100-500 min. in the condition of a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the polyolefin wax.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin wax is added in an amount of 2-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer is a vinyl type monomer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 8, wherein the polymerizable monomer is a styrene monomer, an acrylic acid ester monomer or a methacrylic acid ester monomer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the monomer composition contains a polymer having a polar group or an copolymer having a polar group.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the monomer composition contains a cyclized rubber.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 10, wherein the polymer having a polar group is a cationic polymer formed from a nitrogen-containing vinyl type monomer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 10, wherein the copolymer having a polar group is a cationic copolymer formed from a nitrogen-containing vinyl type monomer, a styrene monomer or an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 10, wherein the polymer or copolymer having a polar group is an anionic polymer or anionic copolymer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 14, wherein the polymerization initiator is a radical-generating agent selected from the group consisting of azobisisobutylnitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, isopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichlorylbenzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the polymerization initiator is used in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. % based on a polymerizable monomer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 15, wherein the polymerization initiator is used in amount of 0.5-5 wt. % based on a polymerizable monomer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the monomer composition contains a crosslinking agent.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 18, wherein the crosslinking agent is a divinyl type crosslinking agent.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the monomer composition in which the polyolefin wax is dissolved is cooled at the cooling rate of 2° C./min. or more.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 20, wherein the monomer composition is cooled in the stirring condition of 3,000-7,000 r.p.m. by a stirrer of a high-shear type.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
174 words
A process for producing a binder resin containing polyolefin wax, comprising the steps of: heating a monomer composition without a polymerization initiator, said composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and a polyolefin wax and being heated to a temperature of at least the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax so as to dissolve said polyolefin wax in said polymerizable monomer, thereby preparing a monomer composition in which said polyolefin wax is dissolved; cooling said monomer composition to a temperature which is lower than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax, while stirring said monomer composition with a high-shear stirrer, so as to precipitate said polyolefin wax and prepare a monomer composition containing precipitated polyolefin wax particles which have a number average particle size of 0.5 to 5μm; mixing the cooled monomer composition with a polymerization initiator; granulating said monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium to prepare a particle; suspension polymerizing said particle of the monomer composition at a lower temperature than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
174 words
A process for producing a binder resin containing polyolefin wax, comprising the steps of: heating a monomer composition without a polymerization initiator, said composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and a polyolefin wax and being heated to a temperature of at least the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax so as to dissolve said polyolefin wax in said polymerizable monomer, thereby preparing a monomer composition in which said polyolefin wax is dissolved; cooling said monomer composition to a temperature which is lower than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax, while stirring said monomer composition with a high-shear stirrer, so as to precipitate said polyolefin wax and prepare a monomer composition containing precipitated polyolefin wax particles which have a number average particle size of 0.5 to 5μm; mixing the cooled monomer composition with a polymerization initiator; granulating said monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium to prepare a particle; suspension polymerizing said particle of the monomer composition at a lower temperature than the melting or softening point of said polyolefin wax.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polyolefin wax has a melting point or softening point of 100°-170° C., and the monomer composition is heated to a temperature for dissolving the polyolefin wax.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 23, wherein the monomer composition in which the polyolefin wax is dissolved is cooled to a temperature at least 20° C. lower than the melting point or softening point of the polyolefin wax to precipitate the polyolefin wax particle.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polyolefin wax is added in an amount of 2-30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polymerization initiator has a half life of 100-500 min. in the condition of a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the polyolefin wax.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polyolefin wax is added in an amount of 2-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polymerizable monomer is a vinyl type monomer.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 28, wherein the polymerizable monomer is a styrene monomer, an acrylic acid ester monomer or a methacrylic acid ester monomer.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the polymerization initiator is a radical-generating agent selected from the group consisting of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, isopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumeme hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichloryl-benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 30, wherein the polymerization initiator is used in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. % based on a polymerizable monomer.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 31, wherein the polymerization initiator is used in an amount of 0.5-5 wt. % based on a polymerizable monomer.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the monomer composition contains a crosslinking agent.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 33, wherein the crosslinking agent is a divinyl-type crosslinking agent.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 22, wherein the monomer composition in which the polyolefin wax is dissolved is cooled at the rate of 2° C./min or more.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 35, wherein the monomer composition is cooled while being stirred at 3,000-7,000 r.p.m.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-03-26 | 1993-09-25 | 1994-03-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-09-25 | 1998-03-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-03-26 | 2001-09-25 | 2002-03-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |