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US4904073A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Fractal tiling for multiple mirror optical devices

Assignee: Aware Inc
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Filing: 1988-08-10
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Granted: 1990-02-27
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Expires: 2008-08-10
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Abstract

Abstract A multiple mirror reflective surface for use in a multiple mirror telescope in which the objective surface of telescope is tiled with substantially identical planar mirrors having irregular boundaries and a mirror for use therein. The mirrors are groupable into groups of seven, one of which is bounded symmetrically by the other six, each mirror having an approximately fractal peripheral boundary such that each group of seven mirrors has a boundary shape which is approximately geometrically similar to that of the mirrors forming the group. The mirrors of such an array have their centers on a hexagonal lattice of points in the objective surface. In a particular embodiment, the mirrors have shapes which approximate that of a fractal shaped mirror by being defined by a combination of hexagonal shapes. With mirrors of this shape, the multiple mirror telescope experiences less optical aberrations which would otherwise be caused by linear edges of the mirrors, without reducing light gathering power.

Inventors

  • 👤 Wayne M. Lawton
  • 👤 Howard L. Resnikoff

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-27 19:48
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02B; G02B23/00; G02B23/02; G02B26/00; G02B26/06; G02B27/00; G02B27/58; G02B5/00; G02B5/08; G02B5/09

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim 152 words
An optical device, comprising: a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of said groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors wherein one of the mirrors in each of said groups is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, each mirror having an approximately fractal peripheral boundary such that each group of seven mirrors has a boundary shape of more than six sides which is approximately geometrically similar to that of each of the mirrors forming the group; and means for supporting said mirrors on a multifaceted objective surface, said surface having a peripheral boundary and an optical axis, each of said mirrors covering a portion of said surface so as to be oriented approximately orthogonal to said optical axis and being movable independently of, and unconstrained by the locations of the other mirrors, said supporting means including means for individually moving each of said mirrors in the direction of said optical axis.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 152 words
An optical device, comprising: a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of said groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors wherein one of the mirrors in each of said groups is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, each mirror having an approximately fractal peripheral boundary such that each group of seven mirrors has a boundary shape of more than six sides which is approximately geometrically similar to that of each of the mirrors forming the group; and means for supporting said mirrors on a multifaceted objective surface, said surface having a peripheral boundary and an optical axis, each of said mirrors covering a portion of said surface so as to be oriented approximately orthogonal to said optical axis and being movable independently of, and unconstrained by the locations of the other mirrors, said supporting means including means for individually moving each of said mirrors in the direction of said optical axis.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 17 words
A device as in claim 1, forming a multiple mirror reflective surface of a multiple mirror telescope.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 13 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said mirrors have planar reflecting surfaces.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 19 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said mirrors have reflecting surfaces with the same uniform radius of curvature.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 216 words
An optical device, comprising: a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of said groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors, wherein one of the mirrors in each group is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, said mirrors having centers disposed at the points of a regular hexagonal lattice; means for supporting said mirrors on and substantially covering a multifaceted objective surface, said surface having a peripheral boundary and an optical axis, each of said mirrors being oriented approximately orthogonal to said optical axis and being movable independently of, and unconstrained by the locations of the other mirrors, said supporting means including means for moving each of said mirrors individually, in the direction of said optical axis; defining a hexagonal region R 1 in an X,Y plane having equal sides of length S and oriented with two of its sides parallel to the Y axis, (√3)S being equal to the spacing between the centers at adjacent pointed of said lattice, and defining regions R N+1 in the X,Y plane for an integer N≧1, such that R.sub.N+1 =(aR.sub.N)U(U.sub.M=0,1,2,3,4,5 (aR.sub.N +(X(M,N),Y(M,N)))), where a=1/√7, and the translation vector defined by X(M,N)=√3 cos(πM/3+(N-2)Φ) and Y(M,N)=-√3 sin(πM/3+(N-2)Φ), where the angle Φ in radians is equal to arctangent √3/2, then R N+1 defines the shape and size of each of said mirrors.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 216 words
An optical device, comprising: a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of said groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors, wherein one of the mirrors in each group is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, said mirrors having centers disposed at the points of a regular hexagonal lattice; means for supporting said mirrors on and substantially covering a multifaceted objective surface, said surface having a peripheral boundary and an optical axis, each of said mirrors being oriented approximately orthogonal to said optical axis and being movable independently of, and unconstrained by the locations of the other mirrors, said supporting means including means for moving each of said mirrors individually, in the direction of said optical axis; defining a hexagonal region R 1 in an X,Y plane having equal sides of length S and oriented with two of its sides parallel to the Y axis, (√3)S being equal to the spacing between the centers at adjacent pointed of said lattice, and defining regions R N+1 in the X,Y plane for an integer N≧1, such that R.sub.N+1 =(aR.sub.N)U(U.sub.M=0,1,2,3,4,5 (aR.sub.N +(X(M,N),Y(M,N)))), where a=1/√7, and the translation vector defined by X(M,N)=√3 cos(πM/3+(N-2)Φ) and Y(M,N)=-√3 sin(πM/3+(N-2)Φ), where the angle Φ in radians is equal to arctangent √3/2, then R N+1 defines the shape and size of each of said mirrors.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 17 words
A device as in claim 5, forming a multiple mirror reflective surface of a multiple mirror telescope.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 69 words
A mirror for use in a multiple mirror reflecting telescope having a large number of substantially identically shaped mirrors, said mirror having an approximately fractal peripheral boundary of more than six sides such that a group of seven such mirrors, one of which is bounded symmetrically by the other six, has a boundary shape which is approximately geometrically similar to that of each of the mirrors forming the group.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 69 words
A mirror for use in a multiple mirror reflecting telescope having a large number of substantially identically shaped mirrors, said mirror having an approximately fractal peripheral boundary of more than six sides such that a group of seven such mirrors, one of which is bounded symmetrically by the other six, has a boundary shape which is approximately geometrically similar to that of each of the mirrors forming the group.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 11 words
A mirror as in claim 7, having a planar reflecting surface.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 16 words
A mirror as in claim 7, having a reflecting surface with a uniform radius of curvature.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 168 words
A mirror for use in a multiple mirror reflecting telescope having a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of the groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors, wherein one of the mirrors in each group is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, the mirrors having centers disposed at the points of a regular hexagonal lattice, said mirror having a shape which is defined such that by defining a hexagonal region R 1 in an X,Y plane having equal sides of length S and oriented with two of its sides parallel to the Y axis, (√3)S being equal to the spacing between the centers at adjacent points of the lattice, and by defining regions R N+1 in the X,Y plane for any integer N≧1, such that R.sub.N+1 =(aR.sub.N)U(U.sub.M=0,1,2,3,4,5 (aR.sub.N +(X(M,N),Y(M,N)))), where a=1/√7, and the translation vector defined by X(M,N)=√3 cos(πM/3+(N-2)Φ) and Y(M,N)=-√3 sin(πM/3+(N-2)Φ), where the angle Φ in radians is equal to arctangent √3/2, then R N+1 defines the planar shape and size of each of said mirrors.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 168 words
A mirror for use in a multiple mirror reflecting telescope having a plurality of groups of mirrors, each of the groups having seven substantially identically shaped mirrors, wherein one of the mirrors in each group is bounded symmetrically by the other six mirrors, the mirrors having centers disposed at the points of a regular hexagonal lattice, said mirror having a shape which is defined such that by defining a hexagonal region R 1 in an X,Y plane having equal sides of length S and oriented with two of its sides parallel to the Y axis, (√3)S being equal to the spacing between the centers at adjacent points of the lattice, and by defining regions R N+1 in the X,Y plane for any integer N≧1, such that R.sub.N+1 =(aR.sub.N)U(U.sub.M=0,1,2,3,4,5 (aR.sub.N +(X(M,N),Y(M,N)))), where a=1/√7, and the translation vector defined by X(M,N)=√3 cos(πM/3+(N-2)Φ) and Y(M,N)=-√3 sin(πM/3+(N-2)Φ), where the angle Φ in radians is equal to arctangent √3/2, then R N+1 defines the planar shape and size of each of said mirrors.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3923382A Cited
US4202605A Cited
US4568156A Cited
US4611891A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1993-02-26 1993-08-28 1994-02-27 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1997-02-26 1997-08-28 1998-02-27 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2001-02-26 2001-08-28 2002-02-27 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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