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US4902570A
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Process for preparing highly dispersed metal oxides whose surfaces are modified by an ammonium-functional organopolysiloxane as a positive chargeable controlling agent for toners
Assignee: Wacker Chemie AG
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Filing: 1988-03-04
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Granted: 1990-02-20
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Expires: 2008-03-04
Abstract
Abstract The invention relates to a process for preparing highly dispersed metal oxides whose surfaces are modified by an ammonium-functional organopolysiloxane as a charge controlling substance for positive chargeable toners, in which the highly dispersed metal oxides are reacted with an organopolysiloxane which contains silicon-bonded terminal hydroxyl and/or alkoxy groups, diorganosiloxane units, in which the two organic radicals are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and siloxane units in which the organic radicals contain a positive charged nitrogen which is bonded to silicon via carbon.
Inventors
- 👤 Mario Heinemann
- 👤 Johann Bindl
- 👤 Johann Doppelberger
- 👤 Hans P. Scherm
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 05:15
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09C; C09C1/00; C09C1/40; C09C1/407; C09C1/28; C09C1/30; C09C1/3081; C09C1/36; C09C1/3607; C09C1/3684; C09C3/00; C09C3/12; G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09708; G03G9/09716; C01; C01P; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/11; C01P2006/12; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2991; Y10T428/2993; Y10T428/2995
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
82 words
A process for preparing highly dispersed metal oxides having their surfaces modified by an ammonium-functional organopolysiloxane as a positive charged controlling agent for toners, which comprises reacting highly dispersed metal oxides with an organopolysiloxane containing silicon-bonded terminal groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, and mixtures thereof, diorganosiloxane units, in which the organic radicals are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and siloxane units in which the organic radicals contain a positive charged nitrogen which is bonded to silicon via carbon.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process for preparing highly dispersed metal oxides having their surfaces modified by an ammonium-functional organopolysiloxane as a positive charged controlling agent for toners, which comprises reacting highly dispersed metal oxides with an organopolysiloxane containing silicon-bonded terminal groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, and mixtures thereof, diorganosiloxane units, in which the organic radicals are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and siloxane units in which the organic radicals contain a positive charged nitrogen which is bonded to silicon via carbon.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the organopolysiloxane contains siloxane units in which the organic radicals contain a positive charged nitrogen and basic nitrogen which is bonded to silicon via carbon.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein a highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide is used.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 2, wherein a highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide is used.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 3, wherein the highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 4, wherein the highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is silicon dioxide and is pretreated with a hydrophobic agent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is silicon dioxide and is pretreated with a hydrophobic agent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 3, wherein the highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide silicon dioxide and is pretreated with a hydrophobic agent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 4, wherein the highly dispersed pyrogenically produced metal oxide silicon dioxide and is pretreated with a hydrophobic agent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is a pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is a pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 4, wherein the highly dispersed metal oxide is a pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15, wherein the amount of organopolysiloxane ranges from 1 to 50 percent by weight based on the weight of the highly dispersed metal oxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
A positive charged controlling agent for toners, which is obtained from the process of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-02-19 | 1993-08-21 | 1994-02-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | 1998-02-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-02-19 | 2001-08-21 | 2002-02-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |