US4902426A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Ion exchange compositions
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1988-05-20
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Granted: 1990-02-20
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Expires: 2008-05-20
Abstract
Abstract The present invention comprises a process for separating rare earth ions or actinide ions or mixtures thereof in solution by passing the solution through an ion exchange material to separate the rare earths or actinides or mixtures thereof. The ion exchange material has a surface area of about 5-1500 m 2 /g. The ion exchange material is impregnated with a liquid containing alkali metal cations, Group Ib metal cations, ammonium cations, organic amines or mixtures thereof, at a pH range above about 9. A plurality of fractions of the solution is collected as the solution passes through the ion exchange material, preferably in a column. This process is particularly preferred for separating rare earth ions and especially lanthanum and neodymium. It is particularly preferred to purify lanthanum to contain less than 0.1 ppm, preferably less than 0.01 ppm, of neodymium. In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a method of producing a porous silicate glass containing at least one transition metal oxide additive selected from a group consisting of the bottom two rows of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. This method comprises preparing a base glass from a melt which contains 40-80 mol percent of silica and up to 10 mol percent of one or more transition metal oxide additives selected from said group or of precursors of said oxide additives, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, leaching out the soluble phase. In yet another embodiment, the present invention comprises an ion exchange material consisting of a porous glass or silica gel including at least about 0.2 mol percent of a transition metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide and containing at least 0.3 mol percent of alkali metal cation, Group Ib metal cation, ammonium, organic amines, or mixtures thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 Pedro B. Macedo
- 👤 Theodore A. Litovitz
- 👤 Hamid Hojaj
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 17:42
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C23/00; C03C23/0095; B; B01; B01J; B01J39/00; B01J39/08; B01J39/09; C01; C01F; C01F17/00; C01F17/10; C01F17/13; C03C1/00; C03C1/002; C03C11/00; C03C11/005; C03C12/00; C03C14/00; C03C14/004; C03C21/00; C03C21/001; C03C3/00; C03C3/04; C03C3/06; C03C3/061; C03C3/076; C03C3/089; C03C3/091; C03C3/093; C03C8/00; C03C8/14; G; G21; G21F; G21F9/00; G21F9/04; G21F9/06; G21F9/12; C03C2201/00; C03C2201/06; C03C2201/08; C03C2201/10; C03C2201/30; C03C2201/32; C03C2201/40; C03C2201/50; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S423/00; Y10S423/09; Y10S423/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
114 words
A process for chromatographically separating from each other rare earth ions or actinide ions or mixtures thereof in solution which comprises passing said solution through an ion exchange material to separate said rare earths or actinides or mixtures thereof, said ion exchange material having a surface area of about 5-1500 m 2 /g, said ion exchange material containing at least 50 mol % silica, said ion exchange material having been impregnated with a liquid containing alkali metal cations, Group Ib metal cations, ammonium cations, organic amines, or mixtures thereof at a pH range above about 9, and collecting a plurality of fractions of said solution as said solution passes through said ion exchange material.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
114 words
A process for chromatographically separating from each other rare earth ions or actinide ions or mixtures thereof in solution which comprises passing said solution through an ion exchange material to separate said rare earths or actinides or mixtures thereof, said ion exchange material having a surface area of about 5-1500 m 2 /g, said ion exchange material containing at least 50 mol % silica, said ion exchange material having been impregnated with a liquid containing alkali metal cations, Group Ib metal cations, ammonium cations, organic amines, or mixtures thereof at a pH range above about 9, and collecting a plurality of fractions of said solution as said solution passes through said ion exchange material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
71 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said ion exchange material includes at least about 0.2 mol percent of a metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide, said metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide being selected from the group consisting of the transition metals of Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib, and IIb of the Periodic Table, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, bismuth, beryllium, the actinides, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said ion exchange material is porous glass or silica gel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 3 wherein said metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of titania, zirconia, hafnia, thoria, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the content of metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide in said porous glass is about 2 to about 35 mol percent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said solution containing rare earth ions, actinide ions or mixtures thereof is passed through a column containing said ion exchange material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein said rare earth ions include lanthanum and neodymium and at least one of these two rare earths is substantially separated from the other.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 7 wherein lanthanum is purified to contain less than about 0.1 ppm of neodymium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the more strongly complexable rare earth ions or actinide ions are retained on the ion exchange material in preference to the less strongly complexable rare earth ions or actinide ions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said rare earth ions include lanthanum and neodynium in which lanthanum is collected in a fraction of said solution prior to the neodynium being collected in another fraction of said solution.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
145 words
A method of producing a porous silicate glass containing at least one transition metal oxide additive selected from a group consisting of the bottom two rows of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and of rhenium which comprises preparing a base glass from a melt which contains 40-80 mol percent of silica and an amount greater than zero and up to 10 mol percent of one or more transition metal oxide additives selected from said group or of precursors of said oxide additives, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, and leaching out the soluble phase to obtain a porous glass containing at least 50 mol percent silica and a sufficient amount of said oxide or additives to cause said porous glass to exhibit catalytic activity indicative of the presence of said additive or additives.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
145 words
A method of producing a porous silicate glass containing at least one transition metal oxide additive selected from a group consisting of the bottom two rows of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and of rhenium which comprises preparing a base glass from a melt which contains 40-80 mol percent of silica and an amount greater than zero and up to 10 mol percent of one or more transition metal oxide additives selected from said group or of precursors of said oxide additives, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, and leaching out the soluble phase to obtain a porous glass containing at least 50 mol percent silica and a sufficient amount of said oxide or additives to cause said porous glass to exhibit catalytic activity indicative of the presence of said additive or additives.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 11 wherein said oxide additive is an oxide of ruthenium.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
108 words
An ion exchange material having a surface area of about 5-1500 m 2 /g, said ion exchange material being a porous glass or silica gel, said ion exchange material including at least about 0.2 mol percent of a metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide, said metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide being selected from the group consisting of the transition metals of Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib, and IIb of the Periodic Table, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, bismuth, beryllium, the actinides, and mixtures thereof, said ion exchange material containing at least about 0.3 mol percent of ammonium cations., organic amines, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
108 words
An ion exchange material having a surface area of about 5-1500 m 2 /g, said ion exchange material being a porous glass or silica gel, said ion exchange material including at least about 0.2 mol percent of a metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide, said metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide being selected from the group consisting of the transition metals of Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib, and IIb of the Periodic Table, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, bismuth, beryllium, the actinides, and mixtures thereof, said ion exchange material containing at least about 0.3 mol percent of ammonium cations., organic amines, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
119 words
An ion exchange material according to claim 13 wherein said porous glass is prepared by a process comprising producing a base glass from a melt which contains 40 to 80 mol percent of silica and between 0.2 and 35 mol percent of one or more transition metal oxides selected from the group consisting of the transition metals of Groups IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa and VIII of the Periodic Table and of the actinides, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, and leaching out the soluble phase to obtain a porous glass containing at least 50 mol percent silica and at least 0.2 mol percent of said transition metal oxides.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
92 words
An ion exchange material according to claim 13 wherein said porous glass is prepared by melting a base glass which contains 40 to 80 mol percent silica, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, leaching the soluble phase, and treating said phase separated glass with a solution of one or more salts of said transition metals of Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib and IIb of the Periodic Table, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, bismuth, beryllium and the actinides.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
133 words
An ion exchange material according to claim 13 wherein said porous glass is prepared by melting a base glass which contains 40-80 mol percent silica, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, and treating said phase separated glass with a solution of one or more salts of additive elements selected from the group .consisting of the alkaline earth metals, the transition metals of Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib, and IIb of the Periodic Table, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, bismuth, the rare earth metals, and the actinides, said solution having a pH value lower than about 4, to effect both leaching out of the soluble phase and introduction of said additive element or elements onto the resulting porous glass.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 16 wherein said base glass contains 40-70 mol percent of silica.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
An ion exchange material according to claim 13 wherein said transition metal consists of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-02-19 | 1993-08-21 | 1994-02-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | 1998-02-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-02-19 | 2001-08-21 | 2002-02-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |