US4893349A — FM communication system with improved response to…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 197 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals comprising: receiver means for receiving the FM signal, said receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; and noise reduction means for minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the amount of above-band noise contained in said baseband signal only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N, said noise reduction means comprising: means for generating a noise control signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal; means for attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal in response to an attenuation control signal thereby providing noise-minimized speech signals; and means for generating said attenuation control signal in response to said noise control signal such that said attenuation control signal is substantially a constant when said noise control signal is below a predetermined threshold, and which changes proportionately with said noise control signal when said noise control signal is above said predetermined threshold.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 197 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals comprising: receiver means for receiving the FM signal, said receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; and noise reduction means for minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the amount of above-band noise contained in said baseband signal only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N, said noise reduction means comprising: means for generating a noise control signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal; means for attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal in response to an attenuation control signal thereby providing noise-minimized speech signals; and means for generating said attenuation control signal in response to said noise control signal such that said attenuation control signal is substantially a constant when said noise control signal is below a predetermined threshold, and which changes proportionately with said noise control signal when said noise control signal is above said predetermined threshold.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 89 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, wherein said noise control signal generating means includes: high pass filter means, coupled to said receiver discriminator means, for passing only frequencies above the speech band; detector means, coupled to said high pass filter means, for providing a signal which corresponds to the magnitude of the high frequency discriminator noise passing through said high pass filter means; and low pass filter means, coupled to said detector means, for providing a smoothed control signal corresponding to the average magnitude of said detected noise.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 21 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined threshold corresponds to the FM noise threshold of said receiver means.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 23 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined threshold corresponds to an in-band audio signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 12 dB SINAD.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 45 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, wherein the gain of said noise reduction means is optimally set to provide speech signal attenuation within the range of 5 dB to 15 dB below a reference speech signal level when no FM signal is being received

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 17 words

The FM receiver according to claim 5, wherein said attenuation range is 8 dB to 10 dB.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 110 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, wherein said noise reduction means further comprises: means for generating a first control signal which is proportional to the strength of said received FM signal; means for combining said attenuation control signal with a second control signal such that said attenuating means is responsive to both of said control signals; and means for generating said second control signal in response to said first control signal such that said in-band speech signals are further attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first control signal decreases below a second predetermined threshold, said second predetermined threshold set relative to the magnitude of said first control signal.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 83 words

The FM receiver according to claim 7, wherein said second control signal generating means causes said attenuating means to further attenuate said in-band speech signals at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where Y is the change in the amplitude of the received FM signal and X is the corresponding change in speech signal attenuation, such that the amount of attenuation increases at a greater rate than the rate of decrease in strength of the received FM signal during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 71 words

The FM receiver according to claim 1, further comprising audio processing means for providing output speech signals from said noise-minimized speech signals, said audio processing means including noise attenuation means for selectively attenuating said noise-minimized speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold, said noise attenuation means further minimizing noise bursts without substantially adversely affecting said noise-minimized speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 120 words

The FM receiver according to claim 9, wherein said noise attenuation means comprises: means for generating a noise suppression signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal; means for attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said noise-minimized speech signals in response to a noise attenuation signal thereby providing said output speech signals; and means for generating said noise attenuation signal in response to said noise suppression signal such that said noise attenuation signal is substantially a constant when said noise suppression signal is above a predetermined control signal value, and which changes proportionately with said noise suppression signal when said noise suppression signal is below said predetermined control signal value.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 90 words

The FM receiver according to claim 10, wherein said noise suppression signal generating means includes: band pass filter means, coupled to said receiver discriminator means, for passing only frequencies within the speech band; detector means, coupled to said band pass filter means, for providing a signal which corresponds to the magnitude of the in-band speech signals passing through said band pass filter means; and low pass filter means, coupled to said detector means, for providing a smoothed noise suppression signal corresponding to the average magnitude of the detected speech signal.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 137 words

The FM receiver according to claim 10, wherein said noise attenuation signal generating means includes: first means for increasing speech signal attenuation at a ratio of A/B greater than 1 for speech signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level, where B is the change in amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of said output speech signals; and second means for increasing speech signal attenuation at a ratio of A'/B' greater than A/B for speech signals having an amplitude below a second predetermined input level, wherein A' and B' correspond to A and B at input levels below said second predetermined input level, such that the amount of attenuation increases at a substantially greater rate than the rate of decrease in amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 24 words

The FM receiver according to claim 12, wherein the ratio A/B is at least 2:1, and wherein the ratio A'/B' is at least 3:1.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 23 words

The FM receiver according to claim 12, wherein said first predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 23 words

The FM receiver according to claim 12, wherein said second predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 15 percent full system modulation.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 42 words

The FM receiver according to claim 9, wherein said audio processing means further includes AGC means, coupled to said noise attenuation means, for controlling the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals to be substantially constant when applied to said noise attenuation means.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 54 words

The FM receiver according to claim 16, wherein said AGC means includes speech detection means for enabling said AGC means to change the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals only when speech activity is being detected, thereby preventing said AGC means from increasing the amplification of said output speech signals during a noise burst.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 42 words

The FM receiver according to claim 17, wherein said AGC means further includes control means for preventing said speech detection means from erroneously detecting speech activity when said received FM signal is being subjected to strong-signal multipath interference at rapid fading rates.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 178 words

An FM repeater communication system having improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals, said FM communication system comprising: base receiver means for receiving an inbound FM signal containing speech signals, said base receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; noise reduction means for minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal thereby producing outbound speech signals, said noise reduction means operating only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N; audio processing means including noise attenuation means for providing noise-suppressed speech signals from said outbound speech signals and for selectively attenuating said outbound speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said outbound speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined threshold; and base transmitter means for transmitting said noise-suppressed speech signals via an outbound FM signal.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 178 words

An FM repeater communication system having improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals, said FM communication system comprising: base receiver means for receiving an inbound FM signal containing speech signals, said base receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; noise reduction means for minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal thereby producing outbound speech signals, said noise reduction means operating only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N; audio processing means including noise attenuation means for providing noise-suppressed speech signals from said outbound speech signals and for selectively attenuating said outbound speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said outbound speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined threshold; and base transmitter means for transmitting said noise-suppressed speech signals via an outbound FM signal.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 115 words

The FM communication system according to claim 19, wherein said noise reduction means comprises: means for generating a noise control signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal; means for attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal in response to an attenuation control signal thereby providing said noise-minimized speech signals; and means for generating said attenuation control signal in response to said noise control signal such that said attenuation control signal is substantially a constant when said noise control signal is below a predetermined threshold, and which changes proportionately with said noise control signal when said noise control signal is above said predetermined threshold.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 22 words

The FM communication system according to claim 20, wherein said predetermined threshold corresponds to the FM noise threshold of said receiver means.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 46 words

The FM communication system according to claim 19, wherein the gain of said noise reduction means is optimally set to provide speech signal attenuation within the range of 5 dB to 15 dB below a reference speech signal level when no FM signal is being received.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 111 words

The FM communication system according to claim 20, wherein said noise reduction means further comprises: means for generating a first control signal which is proportional to the strength of said received FM signal; means for combining said attenuation control signal with a second control signal such that said attenuating means is responsive to both of said control signals; and means for generating said second control signal in response to said first control signal such that said in-band speech signals are further attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first control signal decreases below a second predetermined threshold, said second predetermined threshold set relative to the magnitude of said first control signal.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 84 words

The FM communication system according to claim 23, wherein said second control signal generating means causes said attenuating means to further attenuate said in-band speech signals at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where Y is the change in the amplitude of the received FM signal and X is the corresponding change in speech signal attenuation, such that the amount of attenuation increases at a greater rate than the rate of decrease in strength of the received FM signal during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 121 words

The FM communication system according to claim 19, wherein said noise attenuation means comprises: means for generating a noise suppression signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal; means for attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said noise-minimized speech signals in response to a noise attenuation signal thereby providing said output speech signals; and means for generating said noise attenuation signal in response to said noise suppression signal such that said noise attenuation signal is substantially a constant when said noise suppression signal is above a predetermined control signal value, and which changes proportionately with said noise suppression signal when said noise suppression signal is below said predetermined control signal value.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 24 words

The FM communication system according to claim 25, wherein said predetermined control signal value corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 43 words

The FM communication system according to claim 19, wherein said audio processing means further includes AGC means, coupled to said noise attenuation means, for controlling the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals to be substantially constant when applied to said noise attenuation means.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 55 words

The FM communication system according to claim 27, wherein said AGC means includes speech detection means for enabling said AGC means to change the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals only when speech activity is being detected, thereby preventing said AGC means from increasing the amplification of said output speech signals during a noise burst.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 145 words

The FM communication system according to claim 19, further comprising: inter-site transmission means for communicating said outbound speech signals to a remote geographic location separate from the location of said base transmitter means, thereby providing remote outbound speech signals, said outbound speech signals including low speed data signals; remote audio processing means including simulcast noise attenuation means for providing remote noise-suppressed speech signals from said remote outbound speech signals and for selectively attenuating said remote outbound speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said remote outbound speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined threshold, and without substantially adversely affecting the amplitude of said low speed data signals; and remote transmitter means for simultaneously transmitting said remote noise-suppressed speech signals with said low speed data signals via a simulcast outbound FM signal from said remote location.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 166 words

The FM communication system according to claim 29, wherein said simulcast noise attenuation means includes: first attenuator means, having an input and output and responsive to a first simulcast attenuation signal, for increasing speech signal attenuation at a ratio of A/B greater than 1 for remote outbound speech and low speed data signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level, where B is the change in amplitude of input speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of output speech signals; second attenuator means, having an input and output and coupled to said first attenuator means and responsive to a second simulcast attenuation signal, for decreasing speech signal attenuation of only said low speed data signals in a complementary manner to the increasing speech signal attenuation of said first attenuator means; and summing means for combining said first and second attenuator means outputs to provide combined output data signals having an amplitude which is substantially constant as applied to said transmitter means.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 17 words

The FM communication system according to claim 30, wherein the attenuation ratio A/B is at least 2:1.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 24 words

The FM communication system according to claim 30, wherein said first predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 233 words

An audio processing circuit for an FM receiver having means for receiving speech signals which have been transmitted via an FM signal, said audio processing circuit providing output speech signals having improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals, said audio processing circuit comprising: noise attenuation means for selectively attenuating said received speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold, said noise attenuation means minimizing noise bursts without substantially adversely affecting said received speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold, said noise attenuation means including: first means for increasing speech signal attenuation, in response to a first noise attenuation signal, for speech signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level, at a ratio of A/B greater than 1, where B is the change in amplitude of said received speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of said output speech signals; and second means for increasing speech signal attenuation, in response to a second noise attenuation signal, for speech signals having an amplitude below a second predetermined input level, at a ratio of A'/B' greater than A/B, wherein A' and B' correspond to A and B at input levels below said second predetermined input level, such that the amount of speech signal attenuation increases at a substantially greater rate than the rate of decrease in amplitude of said received speech signals.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 233 words

An audio processing circuit for an FM receiver having means for receiving speech signals which have been transmitted via an FM signal, said audio processing circuit providing output speech signals having improved audio response to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals, said audio processing circuit comprising: noise attenuation means for selectively attenuating said received speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold, said noise attenuation means minimizing noise bursts without substantially adversely affecting said received speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold, said noise attenuation means including: first means for increasing speech signal attenuation, in response to a first noise attenuation signal, for speech signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level, at a ratio of A/B greater than 1, where B is the change in amplitude of said received speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of said output speech signals; and second means for increasing speech signal attenuation, in response to a second noise attenuation signal, for speech signals having an amplitude below a second predetermined input level, at a ratio of A'/B' greater than A/B, wherein A' and B' correspond to A and B at input levels below said second predetermined input level, such that the amount of speech signal attenuation increases at a substantially greater rate than the rate of decrease in amplitude of said received speech signals.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 17 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, wherein the attenuation ratio A/B is at least 2:1.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 17 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, wherein the attenuation ratio A'/B' is at least 3:1.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 24 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, wherein said first predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 24 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, wherein said second predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 15 percent full system modulation.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 130 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, wherein said noise attenuation means further includes: means for generating a noise suppression signal which is proportional to the magnitude of said received speech signals; means for generating said first and second noise attenuation signals in response to said noise suppression signal such that said first and second noise attenuation signals are substantially a constant when said noise suppression signal is above a first predetermined control signal value, said first noise attenuation signal changing to attenuation ratio A/B when said noise suppression signal is below said first predetermined control signal value, said second noise attenuation signal changing to attenuation ratio A'/B' when said noise suppression signal is below a second predetermined control signal value less than said first predetermined control signal value.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 90 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 38, wherein said noise suppression signal generating means includes: band pass filter means, coupled to said receiver means, for passing only frequencies within the speech band; detector means, coupled to said band pass filter means, for providing a signal which corresponds to the magnitude of the received speech signals passing through said band pass filter means; and low pass filter means, coupled to said detector means, for providing a smoothed noise suppression signal corresponding to the average magnitude of the detected speech signal.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 88 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 38, wherein said noise attenuation signal generating means includes: first threshold means for providing said first predetermined control signal value below which said first noise attenuation signal has an attenuation ratio A/B and above which said first noise attenuation signal is substantially a constant; and second threshold means for providing said second predetermined control signal value below which said second noise attenuation signal has an attenuation ratio of A'/B' and above which said second noise attenuation signal is substantially a constant.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 38 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 33, further comprising: AGC means, coupled to said noise attenuation means, for controlling the amplitude of said received speech signals to be substantially constant when applied to said noise attenuation means.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 55 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 41, wherein said AGC means includes speech detection means for enabling said AGC means to change the amplitude of said received speech signals only when speech activity is being detected, thereby preventing said AGC means from increasing the amplification of said output speech signals during a noise burst.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 43 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 42, wherein said AGC means further includes control means for preventing said speech detection means from erroneously detecting speech activity when said received FM signal is being subjected to strong-signal multipath interference at rapid fading rates.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 243 words

An audio processing circuit for improving the audio quality of transmitted speech signals in an FM repeater system having receiver means for receiving an inbound FM signal containing speech and low speed data signals, and having transmitter means for transmitting said speech and low speed data signals via an outbound FM signal, said audio processing circuit comprising: noise attenuation means, coupled to said transmitter means, for selectively attenuating the received speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said received speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold, and without substantially adversely affecting the amplitude of said low speed data signals, said noise attenuation means including: first attenuator means, responsive to a first simulcast attenuation signal, for increasing speech signal attenuation of said speech and low speed data signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level at a ratio of A/B greater than 1, where B is the change in amplitude of input speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of output speech signals; and second attenuator means, coupled to said first attenuator means and responsive to a second simulcast attenuation signal, for decreasing speech signal attenuation of only said low speed data signals in a complementary manner to the increasing speech signal attenuation of said first attenuator means such that the amplitude of said low speed data signals is substantially constant as applied to said transmitter means.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 243 words

An audio processing circuit for improving the audio quality of transmitted speech signals in an FM repeater system having receiver means for receiving an inbound FM signal containing speech and low speed data signals, and having transmitter means for transmitting said speech and low speed data signals via an outbound FM signal, said audio processing circuit comprising: noise attenuation means, coupled to said transmitter means, for selectively attenuating the received speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said received speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold, and without substantially adversely affecting the amplitude of said low speed data signals, said noise attenuation means including: first attenuator means, responsive to a first simulcast attenuation signal, for increasing speech signal attenuation of said speech and low speed data signals having an amplitude below a first predetermined input level at a ratio of A/B greater than 1, where B is the change in amplitude of input speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of output speech signals; and second attenuator means, coupled to said first attenuator means and responsive to a second simulcast attenuation signal, for decreasing speech signal attenuation of only said low speed data signals in a complementary manner to the increasing speech signal attenuation of said first attenuator means such that the amplitude of said low speed data signals is substantially constant as applied to said transmitter means.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 17 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 44, wherein the attenuation ratio A/B is at least 2:1.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 24 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 44, wherein said first predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 103 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 44, wherein said noise attenuation means further includes: means for generating a simulcast suppression signal which is proportional to the magnitude of said received speech signals; threshold means for providing said predetermined input level below which said speech signals and said low speed data signals are attenuated; and converter means for providing said first and second simulcast attenuation signals in response to said simulcast suppression signal, said first simulcast attenuation signal changing in a complementary manner to said second simulcast attenuation signal such that the amplitude of said low speed data signals is substantially a constant.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 144 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 44, wherein said noise attenuation means further includes: third attenuator means, coupled to said first attenuator means and responsive to a third simulcast attenuation signal, for increasing speech signal attenuation of said speech and low speed data signals having an amplitude below a second predetermined input level at a ratio of A'/B' greater than A/B, wherein A' and B' correspond to A and B at input levels below said second predetermined input level; and fourth attenuator means, coupled to said second attenuator means and responsive to a fourth simulcast attenuation signal, for decreasing speech signal attenuation of only said low speed data signals in a complementary manner to the increasing speech signal attenuation of said third attenuator means such that the amplitude of said low speed data signals is substantially constant as applied to said transmitter means.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 17 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 48, Wherein the attenuation ratio A'/B' is at least 3:1.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 24 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 48, wherein said second predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 15 percent full system modulation.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 88 words

The audio processing circuit according to claim 48, wherein said noise attenuation means further includes: second threshold means for providing said second predetermined input level below which said speech signals and said low speed data signals are further attenuated; and second converter means for providing said third and fourth simulcast attenuation signals in response to said simulcast suppression signal, said third simulcast attenuation signal changing in a complementary manner to said fourth simulcast attenuation signal such that the amplitude of said output data signals is substantially a constant.

Claim 56

Independent Claim 200 words

A method of improving the audio response of an FM receiver to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals comprising the steps receiving the FM signal in a receiver means) said receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; and noise reducing including minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the amount of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N, said noise reduction step comprising the steps of: generating a noise control signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal; attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal in response to an attenuation control signal thereby providing noise-minimized speech signals; and generating said attenuation control signal in response to said noise control signal such that said attenuation control signal is substantially a constant when said noise control signal is below a predetermined threshold, and which changes proportionately with said noise control signal when said noise control signal is above said predetermined threshold.

Claim 57

Independent Claim 200 words

A method of improving the audio response of an FM receiver to weak and Rayleigh-faded FM signals comprising the steps receiving the FM signal in a receiver means) said receiver means including discriminator means for converting the FM signal into a baseband signal containing both in-band speech signals and above-band noise; and noise reducing including minimizing noise bursts in the in-band speech signals of said baseband signal in response to the amount of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal only when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the received FM signal is less than a predetermined C/N, said noise reduction step comprising the steps of: generating a noise control signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the above-band noise contained in said baseband signal; attenuating the in-band speech signals contained in said baseband signal in response to an attenuation control signal thereby providing noise-minimized speech signals; and generating said attenuation control signal in response to said noise control signal such that said attenuation control signal is substantially a constant when said noise control signal is below a predetermined threshold, and which changes proportionately with said noise control signal when said noise control signal is above said predetermined threshold.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 20 words

The method according to claim 52, wherein said predetermined threshold corresponds to the FM noise threshold of said receiver means.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method according to claim 52, wherein said predetermined threshold corresponds to an in-band audio signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 12 dB SINAD.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 38 words

The method according to claim 52, wherein said noise reducing step optimally provides speech signal attenuation within the range of 5 dB to 15 dB below a reference speech signal level when no FM signal is being received.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 16 words

The method according to claim 55, wherein said attenuation range is 8 dB to 10 dB.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 106 words

The method according to claim 52, wherein said noise reducing step further comprises the steps of: generating a first control signal which is proportional to the strength of said received FM signal; combining said attenuation control signal with a second control signal such that said attenuating means is responsive to both of said control signals; and generating said second control signal in response to said first control signal such that said in-band speech signals are further attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first control signal decreases below a second predetermined threshold, said second predetermined threshold set relative to the magnitude of said first control signal.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 82 words

The method according to claim 57, wherein said second control signal generating step causes said attenuating step to further attenuate said in-band speech signals at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where Y is the change in the amplitude of the received FM signal and X is the corresponding change in speech signal attenuation, such that the amount of attenuation increases at a greater rate than the rate of decrease in strength of the received FM signal during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 62 words

The method according to claim 52, further comprising the step of audio processing said noise-minimized speech signals to provide output speech signals, said audio processing step including the step of selectively attenuating said noise-minimized speech signals having an amplitude less than a predetermined amplitude threshold without substantially adversely affecting said noise-minimized speech signals having an amplitude greater than said predetermined amplitude threshold.

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 120 words

The method according to claim 59, wherein said selective attenuation step includes the steps of: increasing speech signal attenuation below a first predetermined input level at a ratio of A/B greater than 1, where B is the change in amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals and A is the corresponding change in amplitude of said output speech signals; and further increasing speech signal attenuation below a second predetermined input level at a ratio of A'/B' greater than A/B, wherein A' and B' correspond to A and B at input levels below said second predetermined input level, such that the amount of attenuation increases at a substantially greater rate than the rate of decrease in amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 25 words

The method according to claim 60, wherein the attenuation ratio A/B is at least 2:1, and wherein the attenuation ratio A'/B' is at least 3:1.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method according to claim 60, wherein said first predetermined input level corresponds to no greater than 50 percent full system modulation.

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 36 words

The method according to claim 59, wherein said audio processing step further includes the step of AGC controlling the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals to be substantially constant when processed by said selective attenuation step.

Claim 69

Dependent Claim 58 words

The method according to claim 63, wherein said AGC controlling step includes the step of detecting speech activity and enabling said AGC step to change the amplitude of said noise-minimized speech signals only when speech activity is being detected, thereby preventing said AGC controlling step from increasing the amplification of said output speech signals during a noise burst.

Claim 70

Dependent Claim 42 words

The method according to claim 64, wherein said AGC controlling step further includes the step of preventing said speech detecting step from erroneously detecting speech activity when said received FM signal is being subjected to strong-signal multipath interference at rapid fading rates.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 101 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received signals comprising: discriminating means for converting the received FM signal into an audio signal; means for determining an average signal strength of the received signal; means for generating a control signal which is substantially a constant for received signals having signal strengths greater than a predetermined level below said average signal strength and which changes proportionately with decreasing received signal strengths below said predetermined level; and means for attenuating said audio signal in response to said control signal so that the audio signal is attenuated during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 72

Dependent Claim 101 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received signals comprising: discriminating means for converting the received FM signal into an audio signal; means for determining an average signal strength of the received signal; means for generating a control signal which is substantially a constant for received signals having signal strengths greater than a predetermined level below said average signal strength and which changes proportionately with decreasing received signal strengths below said predetermined level; and means for attenuating said audio signal in response to said control signal so that the audio signal is attenuated during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 73

Dependent Claim 17 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said predetermined level is within the range of 5-20 dB.

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 17 words

The receiver according to claim 67, wherein said predetermined level is within the range of 10-15 dB.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 35 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said average signal strength corresponds to the time averaged magnitude of said received signal for a time interval substantially longer than the time duration of a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 66 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said attenuating means increases said audio signal attenuation at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where X is the change in attenuation and Y is the corresponding change in the amplitude of the received signal, whereby the amount of attenuation increases at a greater rate than the decrease in amplitude of a received signal during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 32 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said generating means generates said control signal which changes at a rate greater than the rate of change of the amplitude of the received signal.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 29 words

The receiver according to claim 70, wherein said attenuating means comprises at least two cascaded attenuation circuits each having its respective amount of attenuation controlled by said control signal.

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 32 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said attenuating means comprises at least one attenuator circuit in which the amount of attenuation it provides is controlled in response to said control signal.

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 45 words

The receiver according to claim 66, further comprising: means, coupled to said attenuating means, for providing additional attenuation proportional to the high frequency noise components associated with said received signal, whereby additional attenuation is provided for received signals near the noise threshold of the receiver.

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 22 words

The receiver according to claim 66, wherein said received signals comprise FM signals having a peak deviation of less than 5 kHz.

Claim 82

Independent Claim 99 words

A method for improving the audio response of an FM receiver for Rayleigh faded received signals comprising the steps of: converting the received FM signal into an audio signal; determining the average strength of the received signal; and attenuating the audio signal so that a substantially constant amount of attenuation is provided for received signals greater than a predetermined level below the average strength of the received signal and so that increasing attenuation is provided as the strength of the received signal deceases below said predetermined level and so that said audio signal has a substantially constant frequency bandwidth.

Claim 83

Independent Claim 99 words

A method for improving the audio response of an FM receiver for Rayleigh faded received signals comprising the steps of: converting the received FM signal into an audio signal; determining the average strength of the received signal; and attenuating the audio signal so that a substantially constant amount of attenuation is provided for received signals greater than a predetermined level below the average strength of the received signal and so that increasing attenuation is provided as the strength of the received signal deceases below said predetermined level and so that said audio signal has a substantially constant frequency bandwidth.

Claim 84

Dependent Claim 17 words

The method according to claim 76, wherein said predetermined level is within the range of 5-20 dB.

Claim 85

Dependent Claim 17 words

The method according to claim 77, wherein said predetermined level is within the range of 10-15 dB.

Claim 86

Dependent Claim 70 words

The method according to claim 76, further comprising the steps of: generating a control signal which is substantially a constant for received signals having signal strengths greater than a predetermined level below said average signal strength and which changes proportionately with decreasing received signal strengths below said predetermined level; and attenuating said audio signal in response to said control signal so that the audio is attenuated during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 87

Dependent Claim 46 words

The method of claim 76, further comprising the step of: providing additional attenuation in response to the high frequency components above the audio frequencies associated with said received signal, whereby additional attenuation is provided when the received signal is near the noise threshold of the receiver.

Claim 88

Dependent Claim 98 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response for Rayleigh faded received signals comprising: discriminator means for converting the received FM signals into audio signals; and means for controllably attenuating said audio signals so that substantially constant attenuation is provided for received signals greater than a certain signal level, said certain signal level consisting of a predetermined level below the average magnitude of the received signal, said attenuating means increasing attenuation of said audio signals when said received signals are less than said certain signal level, said attenuating means maintaining a substantially constant bandwidth to said audio signals.

Claim 89

Dependent Claim 98 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response for Rayleigh faded received signals comprising: discriminator means for converting the received FM signals into audio signals; and means for controllably attenuating said audio signals so that substantially constant attenuation is provided for received signals greater than a certain signal level, said certain signal level consisting of a predetermined level below the average magnitude of the received signal, said attenuating means increasing attenuation of said audio signals when said received signals are less than said certain signal level, said attenuating means maintaining a substantially constant bandwidth to said audio signals.

Claim 90

Dependent Claim 37 words

The receiver according to claim 81, wherein said average magnitude of the received signal comprises the time averaged magnitude of said received signal for a time interval substantially longer than the time duration of a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 91

Dependent Claim 26 words

The receiver according to claim 81, wherein said attenuation means increases attenuation at a rate greater than the rate the amplitude of the received signal decreases.

Claim 92

Dependent Claim 45 words

The receiver according to claim 81, further comprising: means coupled to said attenuating means for providing additional attenuation proportional to the high frequency noise components associated with said received signal, whereby additional attenuation is provided for received signals near the noise threshold of the receiver.

Claim 93

Dependent Claim 17 words

The receiver according to claim 81, wherein said predetermined level is within the range of 5-20 dB.

Claim 94

Dependent Claim 124 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received FM signals comprising: means for converting said received FM signals into amplitude varying audio signals; means for generating a first signal which is proportional to the strength of said received FM signals; means for attenuating said audio signals in response to a second signal; and means for generating said second signal in response to said first signal so that said audio signals are attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first signal decreases below a predetermined threshold, said predetermined threshold set relative to the average value of said first signal, whereby improved audio is provided in response to Rayleigh fading of the received signal regardless of the strength of the received signal.

Claim 95

Dependent Claim 124 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received FM signals comprising: means for converting said received FM signals into amplitude varying audio signals; means for generating a first signal which is proportional to the strength of said received FM signals; means for attenuating said audio signals in response to a second signal; and means for generating said second signal in response to said first signal so that said audio signals are attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first signal decreases below a predetermined threshold, said predetermined threshold set relative to the average value of said first signal, whereby improved audio is provided in response to Rayleigh fading of the received signal regardless of the strength of the received signal.

Claim 96

Dependent Claim 25 words

The received according to claim 86, wherein said predetetermined threshold is within the range of 5-20 dB below the average value of said first signal.

Claim 97

Dependent Claim 25 words

The received according to claim 87, wherein said predetermined threshold is within the range of 10-15 dB below the average value of said first signal.

Claim 98

Dependent Claim 80 words

The received according to claim 86, wherein said second generating means generates a second signal during a Rayleigh fade which causes said attenuating means to increase audio signal attenuation at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where Y is the change in the amplitude of the received signal and X is the corresponding change in attenuation, whereby the amount of attenuation increases at a greater rate than the decrease in amplitude of the received signal during a Rayleigh fade.

Claim 99

Dependent Claim 30 words

The received according to claim 86, wherein said first signal generating means generates a signal which is proportional to the mathematical log of the strength of said received FM signals.

Claim 100

Dependent Claim 38 words

The receiver according to claim 90, further comprising: means for providing a logarithmic to linear conversion of said second signal so that during Rayleigh fades said second signal is linearly proportional the strength of said received FM signals.

Claim 101

Dependent Claim 17 words

The received according to claim 86, wherein said attenuating means comprises a plurality of series connected attenuators.

Claim 102

Dependent Claim 48 words

The receiver according to claim 86, wherein said second signal generating means comprises means for detecting the average noise present in the received signal, said second signal changing in response to said detected noise exceeding a predetermined level to cause said attenuating means to attenuate the audio signals.

Claim 103

Dependent Claim 22 words

The received according to claim 93, wherein said predetermined level corresponds to a signal to noise level of approximately 12 dB SINAD.

Claim 104

Independent Claim 104 words

A method for improving the audio response of an FM receiver when the received FM signals are Rayleigh faded, said method comprising the steps of: converting the received FM signals into amplitude varying audio signals; generating a first signal which is proportional to the strength of the received FM signals; attenuating the audio signals in response to a second signal; setting a predetermined threshold relative to an average value of the first signal; and generating the second signal in response to the first signal so that the audio signals are attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first signal decreases below the predetermined threshold.

Claim 105

Independent Claim 104 words

A method for improving the audio response of an FM receiver when the received FM signals are Rayleigh faded, said method comprising the steps of: converting the received FM signals into amplitude varying audio signals; generating a first signal which is proportional to the strength of the received FM signals; attenuating the audio signals in response to a second signal; setting a predetermined threshold relative to an average value of the first signal; and generating the second signal in response to the first signal so that the audio signals are attenuated during a Rayleigh fade when said first signal decreases below the predetermined threshold.

Claim 106

Dependent Claim 25 words

The method according to claim 95, wherein said predetermined threshold is within the range of 5-20 dB below the average value of said first signal.

Claim 107

Dependent Claim 49 words

The method according to claim 95, wherein the step of generating said second signal further comprises the step of: detecting the average noise present in the received signal and changing said second signal to provide additional attenuation of the audio signals when the detected noise reaches a predetermined level.

Claim 108

Dependent Claim 63 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received FM signals comprising: means for sensing Rayleigh fades which cause said received signal to decrease below a predetermined threshold set relative to the average strength of the received signal; and means for attenuating the receiver audio in response to said sensing means sensing the received signal decreasing below said predetermined threshold.

Claim 109

Dependent Claim 63 words

An FM receiver having an improved audio response to Rayleigh faded received FM signals comprising: means for sensing Rayleigh fades which cause said received signal to decrease below a predetermined threshold set relative to the average strength of the received signal; and means for attenuating the receiver audio in response to said sensing means sensing the received signal decreasing below said predetermined threshold.

Claim 110

Dependent Claim 26 words

The receiver according to claim 98, wherein said predetermined threshold is within the range of 5-20 dB below the average signal strength of said FM signals.

Claim 111

Dependent Claim 64 words

The receiver according to claim 98, wherein said attenuating means attenuates the audio at a ratio of X/Y greater than 1, where Y is the decrease in amplitude of the received signal and X is the corresponding increase in attenuation, whereby attenuation increases at a greater rate than the decrease in signal amplitude when said signal decreases below said threshold during a Rayleigh fade.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1993-01-08	1993-07-10	1994-01-09	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1997-01-08	1997-07-10	1998-01-09	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2001-01-08	2001-07-10	2002-01-09	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

FM communication system with improved response to rayleigh-faded received signals

Abstract

Inventors

Bibliographic Details

Claims Analysis

References Cited (Backward Citations)

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Assigned Categories & Tags

Assign Category Tag