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Patent US4886339A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4886339A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Optical article containing a transmission medium exhibiting a high level of second order polarization susceptibility
Assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing: 1987-09-28
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Granted: 1989-12-12
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Expires: 2007-09-28
Abstract
Abstract An optical article is disclosed containing, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, a medium exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10 -9 electrostatic units comprised of polar aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated π bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state exhibiting a first dipole moment and an excited state exhibiting a differing dipole moment. The molecular dipoles are held in polar alignment by a crosslinked polymeric binder.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael Scozzafava
- 👤 Donald P. Specht
- 👤 Abraham Ulman
- 👤 Craig S. Willand
- 👤 David J. Williams
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 10:22
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/35; G02F1/37; G02F1/377; G02F1/01; G02F1/061; G02F1/065; G02F1/355; G02F1/361; G02F1/3615
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
108 words
An optical article containing, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, a medium exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10 -9 electrostatic units comprised of polar aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated π bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state exhibiting a first dipole moment and an excited state exhibiting a differing dipole moment, characterized in that the molecular dipoles are held in polar alignment by a crosslinked polymeric binder and form at least 1 percent of said transmission medium based on the weight of the crosslinked polymeric binder.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
108 words
An optical article containing, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, a medium exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10 -9 electrostatic units comprised of polar aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated π bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state exhibiting a first dipole moment and an excited state exhibiting a differing dipole moment, characterized in that the molecular dipoles are held in polar alignment by a crosslinked polymeric binder and form at least 1 percent of said transmission medium based on the weight of the crosslinked polymeric binder.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that means are provided for directing electromagnetic radiation to said transmission medium.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that biasing means are provided for placing an electric field across said transmission medium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
An optical article according to claim 3 further characterized in that said biasing means includes at least one transparent electrode in contact with said transmission medium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said transmission medium lies in contact with a linear waveguide for electromagnetic radiation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said molecular dipoles form up to 50 percent of said transmission medium based on the weight of said crosslinked polymeric binder.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
An optical article according to claim 6 further characterized in that said molecular dipoles form from 10 to 20 percent of said transmission medium based on the weight of said crosslinked polymeric binder.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said molecular dipoles satisfy the formula: ##STR30## where A is an electron acceptor moiety; D is an electron donor moiety; and E is a conjugated π bonding system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that A is a cyano, nitro, acyl, or sulfonyl electron acceptor moiety.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that D is an amino moiety.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
An optical article according to claim 10 further characterized in that D is a secondary or tertiary amino moiety.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that A and E together form a sulfonimino moiety.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that D and E together form a pyridinium moiety.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that E is chosen to provide a 4,4'-stilbenoid conjugated π bonding system.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
An optical article according to claim 14 further characterized in that E is chosen to provide a 4,4'-stilbene conjugated π bonding system.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
166 words
An optical article according to claim 8 further characterized in that said molecular dipoles include those satisfying the formulae: ##STR31## where A is an electron acceptor moiety; D is an electron donor moiety; G is independently in each occurrence a methine or aza moiety, with the proviso that no more than two aza moieties are next adjacent; n is an integer of from 1 to 3; p is 0 or 1; q is an integer of from 0 to 3; R 1 and R 2 are optionally substituted hydrocarbon moieties; R a is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and substituents which collectively, together with A, --SO 2 R 1 , or ═NSO 2 R 1 , enhance the electron acceptance of the aromatic ring to which they are attached; and R d is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and substituents which collectively, together with D or --R 2 , enhance the electron donation of the aromatic ring to which they are attached.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
An optical article according to claim 16 further characterized in that A is a cyano or nitro electron acceptor moiety.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
An optical article according to claim 16 further characterized in that D is a tertiary amino electron donor moiety.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said binder is comprised of a photocrosslinked polymer.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that the optical transmission medium is comprised of a photocrosslinked negative working photoresist.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said binder is comprised of a crosslinked diazo resin.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said binder is photopolymer crosslinked at sites of ethylenic unsaturation.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
An optical article according to claim 22 further characterized in that said binder is a photopolymer crosslinked at sites of α,β-ethylenic unsaturation.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
82 words
An optical article according to claim 1 further characterized in that said binder is crosslinked polymerized monomer containing repeating units of the formula: ##STR32## wherein R represents a cycloaliphatic or an aromatic group; R 1 represents hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 2 represents alkylene of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or --CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 )r; r is 1 to 20; s is 0 or 1; and t is 2 to 6.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
61 words
An optical article according to claim 24 further characterized in that R represents a cyclohexyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; R 1 represents hydrogen or methyl; R 2 represents alkylene of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or --CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 )r; r is 1 to 6; s is 0 or 1; and t is 2 to 4.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-12-11 | 1993-06-12 | 1993-12-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-12-11 | 1997-06-12 | 1997-12-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-12-11 | 2001-06-12 | 2001-12-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |