Porous silica microspheres having a silanol enriched surface

Claim 2

A chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 6 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 3

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 1 wherein the microspheres have an average diameter of from about 1.0 to about 10 μm.

Claim 4

A chromatographic material comprising porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal parpticles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having a surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of from about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate the desired concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 5

A chromatographic material comprising porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal parpticles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having a surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of from about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate the desired concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 6

A chromatographic material as defined inclaimm 3, wherein the heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres are contacted with water in the presence of at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, primary organic amines, and secondary organic amines.

Claim 7

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 4, wherein the basic activator is added in a sufficient amount to generate a pH of from about 9 to about 10.5.

Claim 8

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 5, wherein the basic activator is selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and primary organic amines.

Claim 9

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 6, wherein the basic activator is a primary organic amine selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, n-propylamine and n-butylamine.

Claim 10

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 6, wherein free HF is present in a concentration of from about 50 to about 400 ppm.

Claim 11

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 3, wherein the heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres are contacted with water in the presence of HF.

Claim 12

A chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a completely silanized surface, wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: (a) contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 umol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a surface concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 ; and (b) contacting the porous silica microspheres prepared in step (a) with a silanizing agent at a temperature of from about 25° to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a completely silanized surface.

Claim 13

A chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a completely silanized surface, wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: (a) contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 umol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a surface concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 ; and (b) contacting the porous silica microspheres prepared in step (a) with a silanizing agent at a temperature of from about 25° to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a completely silanized surface.

Claim 14

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 10, wherein the microspheres have an average diameter of from about 1.0 to about 10 μm.

Claim 15

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 10, wherein the heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres are contacted with water in the presence of at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, primary organic amines, and secondary organic amines.

Claim 16

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 12, wherein the basic activator is added in a sufficient amount to generate a pH of from about 9 to about 10.5.

Claim 17

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 13, wherein the basic activator is selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and primary organic amines.

Claim 18

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 14, wherein the basic activator is a primary organic amine selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, n-propylamine and n-butylamine.

Claim 19

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 10, wherein the heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres are contacted with water in the presence of HF.

Claim 20

A chromatographic material as defined in claim 16, wherein free HF is present in a concentration of from about 50 to about 400 ppm.