US4869207A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Circulating fluidized bed reactor
Assignee: Amec Foster Wheeler Energia Oy
•
Filing: 1988-04-11
•
Granted: 1989-09-26
•
Expires: 2008-04-11
Abstract
Abstract A circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a filter apparatus for separation and recycling of fine particles which are entrained by the flue gas. The housing of the filter apparatus has a plurality of vertically disposed ceramic filtration tubes. The reactor chamber and filter housing are arranged back-to-back and have a common wall therebetween. A pre-separator for separation of coarse particles is provided which connects the reactor chamber with the filter apparatus. The reactor, the separator and the filter apparatus are encased in a pressure-proof cylindrical vessel. The walls of the reactor chamber and the filter housing can be water-cooled. In another form, the filter is comprised of a plurality of porous plates having ribs abutting adjacent plates to define passageways through the filter.
Inventors
- 👤 Folke Engstrom
- 👤 Juhani Isaksson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 02:33
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J8/00; B01J8/18; B01J8/1845; B01J8/1854; B01J8/005; B01J8/006; F; F23; F23C; F23C10/00; F23C10/02; F23C10/04; F23C10/08; F23C10/10; F23C10/16; F23C2206/00; F23C2206/10; F23C2206/101
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 43
Claim 1
Independent Claim
144 words
A circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising: means defining an upright reactor chamber having at least one gas discharge opening adjacent its upper end and at least one inlet opening for solids separated from the gas adjacent lower end; a filter housing; means defining a plurality generally vertically extending horizontally spaced passageways, said passageway defining means part formed of porous material and disposed in said housing; said filter housing and said reactor chamber being arranged in back-to-back one with the other; said housing having a gas inlet in communication with said gas discharge opening and said passageways, a solids outlet in communication with said solids inlet opening, at least one clean gas outlet; and means in said housing in communication with said one clean gas outlet for communicating gas flowing through the porous material of said passageway defining means with said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
144 words
A circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising: means defining an upright reactor chamber having at least one gas discharge opening adjacent its upper end and at least one inlet opening for solids separated from the gas adjacent lower end; a filter housing; means defining a plurality generally vertically extending horizontally spaced passageways, said passageway defining means part formed of porous material and disposed in said housing; said filter housing and said reactor chamber being arranged in back-to-back one with the other; said housing having a gas inlet in communication with said gas discharge opening and said passageways, a solids outlet in communication with said solids inlet opening, at least one clean gas outlet; and means in said housing in communication with said one clean gas outlet for communicating gas flowing through the porous material of said passageway defining means with said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A reactor according to claim 1 including separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlet for separating solids and gases upstream of said housing
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reactor according to claim 2 wherein said separating means comprises a wall inclined towards the reactor chamber for returning separated solids to the reactor.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
73 words
A reactor according to claim 2 wherein said separating means comprises at least one cyclone separator having a separator chamber, said gas inlet including a duct in communication the said gas discharge opening, a solids outlet in the lower part of said cyclone chamber in comunication with the reactor chamber and a gas outlet pipe extending into said cyclone chamber, said cycle chamber having a bottom to which said gas outlet is connected.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
A reactor according to claim 4 wherein said bottom is inclined towards the reactor chamber.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A reactor according to claim 1 including a standpipe and a loop seal connecting said solids outlet and said solids inlet opening.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A reactor according to claim 1 wherein said gas inlet includes means defining larger inlet openings for said passageways than the internal diameter of said passageways to provide a solids scrubbing action along the inside surfaces of said passageway defining means to minimize clogging.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
51 words
A reactor according to claim 7 wherein said inlet opening means includes generally funnel-shaped elements thereby to increase the quantity of solids flowing through said passageways in comparison with the quantity of solids which would flow through said passageways if the inlet openings were of the same diameter as said passageways.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
64 words
A reactor according to claim 7 including separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlet for separating solids and gases upstream of said housing, said separating means comprising a wall inclined towards the reactor chamber for returning separated solids to the reactor, said passageway defining means extending through said wall with said larger inlet opening defining means disposed above said wall.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reactor according to claim 6 wherein the reactor chamber, the filter housing, the standpipe and the loop seal are encased in a pressurized vessel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
A reactor according to claim 10 wherein said vessel is cylindrical.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
A reactor according to claim 1 wherein said passageway defining means comprising a plurality of discrete tubes.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
A reactor according to claim 1 wherein said passageway defining means comprises at least one porous plate having a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereof to define in part said passageways.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
A reactor according to claim 1 wherein said passageway defining means comprises a plurality of porous plates each having a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereof define in part said passageways.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
44 words
A reactor according to claim 14 wherein the free edges of the ribs of a first plate thereof abut the side of a second plate opposite its ribs whereby said first plate and the side of said second plate define a plurality of passageways.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
48 words
A reactor according to claim 14 wherein said plates are aligned one with the other in a generally vertical direction with the ribs of each plate projecting laterally therefrom to abut the adjacent plate along a side thereof opposite its ribs to define a plurality of said passageways.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
108 words
A reactor according to claim 14 wherein said passageway defining means and said communicating means comprise a plurality of porous plates each having a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereof, said plates being aligned one with the other in a generally vertical direction with the ribs of each plate projecting laterally therefrom to abut a laterally adjacent plate to define a plurality of generally vertically extending channels, said communicating means comprising selected ones of said channels, others of said channels comprising said passageways whereby gas flowing in said passageways flows through said porous plates into said communicating channels for flow through said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
A reactor according to claim 1 including means for water cooling at least a portion of the walls of the reactor chamber and said filter housing.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
101 words
A reactor according to claim 1 including separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlet for separating solids and gases upstream of said housing, said separating means including a wall inclined towards the reactor chamber for returning solids to the reactor, said passageway defining means extending upwardly to project above said inclined wall, means for partially closing end portions of said upwardly projecting passageway defining means for separating coarse solids from the gas for deposition on said inclined wall and return to said reactor and enabling gas having smaller sized solids entrained therein to flow into said passageway.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
192 words
A reactor according to claim 1 wherein said filter housing is disposed on one side of said reactor chamber, said reactor chamber having a second inlet opening for solids separated from the gas adjacent its lower end, a second filter housing, means defining a plurality of generally vertically extending horizontally spaced passageways for said second filter housing, said second passageway defining means in part formed of porous material and disposed in said second housing, said second filter housing and said reaction chamber being arranged in back-to-back relation one with the other on the opposite side of said reactor from said first filter housing, said second filter housing and said reactor chamber being arranged in relation in back-to-back relation one with the other, said second filter housing having a gas inlet in communication with said gas discharge opening and said second passageways, a second solids outlet in communication with said second solids inlet opening, a second clean gas outlet, and means in said second housing in communication the said second clean gas outlet for communicating gas flowing through the porous material of said second passageway defining means with said second clean gas outlet.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
118 words
A reactor according to claim 20 including a pair of separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlets for said first and second housings, respectively for separating solids and gases upstream of said housings, each of said separating means including a wall inclined towards the reactor chamber for returning solids to the reactor, said passageway defining means of each housing extending upwardly to project above the inclined wall thereof, and means for partially closing end portions of said upwardly projecting passageway defining means for separating coarse solids from the gas for deposition on said inclined walls and return to said reactor and enabling gas having smaller sized solids entrained therein to flow into said passageways.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
104 words
A reactor according to claim 20 including a pair of separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlets for said first and second housings, respectively, for separating solids and gases upstream of said housings, said separating means each comprising at least one cyclone separator having a separator chamber, said gas inlet including a duct in communication with said gas discharge opening, a solids outlet in the lower part of said cyclone chamber in communication with the reactor chamber and a gas outlet extending into said cyclone chamber, said cyclone chamber having a bottom to which said gas outlet pipe is connected.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said passageway defining means includes a plurality of porous tubes, said communicating means includes a plurality of superposed compartments through which said filtration tubes extend, whereby said compartments receive the gas flowing through said porous tubes and for communicating the gas to said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 including a pressure vessel, said reactor chamber and said filtration housing being disposed within said pressure vessel for operation at a pressure other than atmospheric.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
61 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 including separating means carried by said filter housing for separating solids into coarse and fine solids flow streams through said filter housing, said separating means including at least one conduit having a large cross-sectional area for receiving the coarse solids in comparison with said passageways which have a smaller cross-sectional area for receiving the fine solids.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said conduit and passageways open at their downstream ends in communication with said solids inlet.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
162 words
A circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising: means defining an upright reactor chamber having at least one gas discharge opening adjacent its upper end and at least one inlet opening for solids separated from the gas adjacent its lower end; a housing a plurality of generally vertically extending horizontally spaced filtration tubes in part formed of porous material and disposed in said housing; means defining a chamber about said tubes for receiving gas flowing through the porous material of said tubes; said filter housing and said reactor chamber being arranged in back-to-back relation one with the other, said housing having a gas inlet in communication with said gas discharge opening for flowing gas and solids into said tubes, a solids outlet in communication with said solids inlet opening and at least one clean gas outlet in communication with said chamber defining means, whereby gas flows through the porous material of said tubes into said chamber for communicating with said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
162 words
A circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising: means defining an upright reactor chamber having at least one gas discharge opening adjacent its upper end and at least one inlet opening for solids separated from the gas adjacent its lower end; a housing a plurality of generally vertically extending horizontally spaced filtration tubes in part formed of porous material and disposed in said housing; means defining a chamber about said tubes for receiving gas flowing through the porous material of said tubes; said filter housing and said reactor chamber being arranged in back-to-back relation one with the other, said housing having a gas inlet in communication with said gas discharge opening for flowing gas and solids into said tubes, a solids outlet in communication with said solids inlet opening and at least one clean gas outlet in communication with said chamber defining means, whereby gas flows through the porous material of said tubes into said chamber for communicating with said one clean gas outlet.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
27 words
A reactor according to claim 27 including separating means connecting said gas discharge opening and said gas inlet for separating solids and gases upstream of said housing.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
A reactor according to claim 27, including a pressure vessel, said reactor chamber and said filtration housing being disposed within said pressure vessel for operation at a pressure other than atmospheric.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
40 words
A reactor according to claim 27 wherein said gas inlet includes means defining an enlarged opening for each of said tubes for providing a solids scrubbing action along the inside tube surfaces to minimize clogging of the filtration tube pores.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
48 words
A reactor according to claim 27 wherein said gas inlet includes inlets for each said tube, the combined cross-sectional area of the tube inlets being greater than the combined cross-section areas of the tubes to provide enhanced scrubbing of the solids along the interior surfaces of said tubes.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for separating solids entrained in a gas from a fluidized bed reactor comprising the steps of: forming a filter comprised of a plurality of spaced passageways defined by porous material; disposing said filter in a housing; disposing said housing in back-to-back relation with said reaction chamber; flowing the gas with entrained solids through a gas discharge opening in the reactor and into the passageways for flow of the gas through the porous material to clean the gas; collecting the clean gas flowed through the porous material; and returning solids separated from the gas within the passageways to said reactor chamber.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for separating solids entrained in a gas from a fluidized bed reactor comprising the steps of: forming a filter comprised of a plurality of spaced passageways defined by porous material; disposing said filter in a housing; disposing said housing in back-to-back relation with said reaction chamber; flowing the gas with entrained solids through a gas discharge opening in the reactor and into the passageways for flow of the gas through the porous material to clean the gas; collecting the clean gas flowed through the porous material; and returning solids separated from the gas within the passageways to said reactor chamber.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 32 including the step of separating the coarse solids from the solids entrained gas prior to flowing the gas into the passageways.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
52 words
A method according to claim 33 wherein said reactor chamber and said housing are vertically elongated and form part of a single vessel, and including the step of returning the solids to said reactor chamber includes flowing the separated solids by gravity along a wall disposed adjacent the top of said housing.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 33 wherein the step of separating includes flowing the gas tangentially into a cyclone separator.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
59 words
A method according to claim 35 wherein said reactor chamber and said housing are vertically elongated and form part of a single vessel, wherein the step of returning the solids to said reactor chamber includes flowing the separated solids by gravity along a wall disposed adjacent the top of said housing and forming the bottom of the cyclone separator.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 32 including the step of enclosing said reactor chamber and said housing within a pressure vessel for operating said reactor at a pressure other than atmospheric pressure.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 32 including the steps of flowing the coarse solids through at least one passageway of said housing and flowing the finer solids through the other passageways of said housing.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 38 wherein the step of returning the solids to the reactor chamber includes recombining the coarse and fine solids after flow through the passageways for combined return to the reaction chamber.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 32 including forming the inlets to the passageways to enhance the scrubbing effect of the solids flowing through the passageways in comparison with flowing the solids through the passageways without such inlet formation.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-09-25 | 1993-03-27 | 1993-09-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-03-27 | 1997-09-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-09-25 | 2001-03-27 | 2001-09-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |