US4867481A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Anti-photocopying paper and/or anti-telefacsimile paper
Assignee: NOCOPI INTERNATIONAL Inc A Co OF UTAH
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Filing: 1988-02-24
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Granted: 1989-09-19
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Expires: 2008-02-24
Abstract
Abstract Paper is provided with resistance to photocopying or tran smission by telefacsimile by spatial spectral modulation of the paper reflectance at a specific single or preferably multiple frequencies. Such paper has a coloured pattern of at least two colours repeating in at least one dimension of a face of a paper with at least one frequency in the range of from about 0.5 to about 50 times per cm. The colours contrast with black or similar dark colour to permit black or similar dark coloured information to be visibly readable when applied to the coloured pattern. The colours also cooperate with such information to provide a document resistant to photocopying and transmission by telefacsimile.
Inventors
- 👤 Arshavir Gundjian
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 22:18
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G21/00; G03G21/04; G03G21/043; B; B41; B41M; B41M3/00; B41M3/14; G03C; G03C5/00; G03C5/08; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S283/00; Y10S283/902; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/916
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
115 words
Anti-photocopying and anti-telefacsimile paper having a coloured pattern of at least one pair of colours repeating in at least one dimension of a face of a paper with at least one spatial frequency in the range of from about 0.5 to about 50 time per cm., the colours of each pair having substantially the same spectral profile but with one colour having a lower spectral response than the other colour over substantially all wavelengths, said colours contrasing with black or similar dark colour to permit black or similar dark coloured information to be visibly readable when applied to the coloured pattern, said colours also cooperating with such information to provide a documents resistant to photocopying.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
115 words
Anti-photocopying and anti-telefacsimile paper having a coloured pattern of at least one pair of colours repeating in at least one dimension of a face of a paper with at least one spatial frequency in the range of from about 0.5 to about 50 time per cm., the colours of each pair having substantially the same spectral profile but with one colour having a lower spectral response than the other colour over substantially all wavelengths, said colours contrasing with black or similar dark colour to permit black or similar dark coloured information to be visibly readable when applied to the coloured pattern, said colours also cooperating with such information to provide a documents resistant to photocopying.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with a spatial frequency in the range of from about 2 to about 25 times per cm.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
Paper according to claim 2 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with a spatial frequency in the range of from about 4 to about 10 times per cm.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with a spatial frequency in the range of from about 0.5 to about 10 times per cm.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
Paper according to claim 4 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with a spatial frequency in the range of from about 1 to about 5 times per cm.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
106 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with multiple spatial frequencies including a higher spatial frequency comparable to the higher fourier spatial frequency of information of a predetermined kind and a lower spatial frequency comparable to the lower fourier spatial frequency of such information, said higher and lower spatial frequencies being comparable to the highest and lowest fourier spatial frequencies respectively of textual information, said higher fourier spatial frequency being in the range of from about 40 to about 50 times per cm. and said lower fourier spectral frequency being in the range of from about 2 to about 5 times per cm.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
105 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein the coloured pattern repeats with multiple spatial frequencies including a higher spatial frequency comparable to the higher fourier spatial frequency of information of a predetermined kind and a lower spatial frequency comparable to the lower spatial frequency of such information, said higher and lower spatial frequencies being comparable to the highest and lowest fourier spatial frequencies respectively of graphical or pictorial information, said higher spatial frequency being in the range of from about 10 to about 15 times per cm., and said lower spatial frequency being in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5 time per cm.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
Paper according to claim 7 wherein said higher spatial frequency is in the range of from about 15 to about 25 times per cm., and said lower spatial frequency is in the range of from about 0.5 to about 2 times per cm.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
115 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein one colour of a pair of said colours has a reflection spectral response with a minimum of about 5% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, rising to about 10% at a wavelength of about 580 nanometers, and then rising to a maximum of about 20% at a wavelength of about 700 nanometers, and the other colour of said pair of colours has a reflection spectral response with a minimum of about 4% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, rising to about 6% at a wavelength of about 580 nanometers, and then rising to a maximum of about 12% at a wavelength of about 700 nanometers.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
Paper according to claim 9 wherein the reflection spectral response of said pair of colours falls to said minima at wavelengths above about 700 nanometers.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
105 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein one colour of a pair of said colours has a reflection spectral response with a maximum of about 20% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, falling to about 10% at a wavelength of about 480 nanometers, and falling to a minimum of about 8% at higher wavelengths, and the other colour of said pair of colours has a reflection spectral response with a maximum of about 12% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, falling to about 6% at a wavelength of about 480 nanometers, and falling to a minimum of about 5% at higher wavelengths.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
Paper according to claim 11 wherein the reflection spectral response of said pair of colours falls to said minima at wavelengths below about 400 nanometers.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
106 words
Paper according to claim 9 wherein one colour of a further pair of said colours has a reflection spectral response with a maximum of about 20% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, falling to about 10% at a wavelength of about 480 nanometers, and falling to a minimum of 8% at higher wavelengths, and the other colour of said further pair of colours has a reflection spectral response with a maximum of about 12% at lower visible wavelengths of about 400 nanometers, falling to about 6% at a wavelength of about 480 nanometers, and falling to a minimum of about 5% at higher wavelengths.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
64 words
Paper according to claim 1 wherein said coloured pattern includes an additional colour of relatively high reflectivity repeating in at least one dimension of a face of the paper with at least one spatial frequency in the range of from about 0.5 to about 50 times per cm. to improve readability of information on the paper with the paper still being resistant to photocopying.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
53 words
Paper according to claim 13 wherein the reflection spectral response of said colours of said first pair of colours falls to said minima at wavelengths above about 700 nanometers, and the reflection spectral response of said colours of said further pair of colours falls to said minima at wavelengths below about 400 nanometers.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-03-20 | 1993-09-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-09-18 | 1997-03-20 | 1997-09-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-09-18 | 2001-03-20 | 2001-09-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |