US4855209A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Low melting encapsulated toners
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1987-12-04
•
Granted: 1989-08-08
•
Expires: 2007-12-04
Abstract
Abstract An encapsulated toner composition with a melting temperature of from about 65° C. to about 140° C. comprised of a core containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene succinate, polyhalogenated olefins, poly(alpha-alkylstyrenes), rosin modified maleic resins, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, poly(ε-caprolactones), and mixtures thereof; and pigment particles, where the core is encapsulated in a shell prepared by interfacial polymerization reactions.
Inventors
- 👤 Trevor I. Martin
- 👤 Marcel P. Breton
- 👤 Randolph E. Branston
- 👤 Karen A. Moffat
- 👤 Walter Mychajlowskij
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 11:01
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/093; G03G9/0935; G03G9/09357; G03G9/09364; G03G9/09371; G03G9/09392
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
65 words
An encapsulated heat fusable toner composition with a melting temperature of from about 65° C. to about 140° C. comprised of a core containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene succinate, polyhalogenated olefins, poly( alphaalkylstyrenes), rosin modified maleic resins, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, poly(ε-caprolactones), and mixtures thereof; and pigment particles, where the core is encapsulated in a shell prepared by interfacial polymerization reactions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
65 words
An encapsulated heat fusable toner composition with a melting temperature of from about 65° C. to about 140° C. comprised of a core containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene succinate, polyhalogenated olefins, poly( alphaalkylstyrenes), rosin modified maleic resins, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, poly(ε-caprolactones), and mixtures thereof; and pigment particles, where the core is encapsulated in a shell prepared by interfacial polymerization reactions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 containing in the core a vinyl monomer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyesters, polycyanurates, polyesteramides, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are comprised of magnetites.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are comprised of a mixture of carbon black and magnetites.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is poly(ethylene succinate).
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is a chlorinated polyolefin.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is an aliphatic hydrocarbon resin with a softening point of from about 90° to about 130° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is a poly(α-methylstyrene) with a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 1,500 gram/mole, and a softening point of from about 90° to about 145° C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is a rosin modified maleic resin, an Elvax resin, or a Unirez resin.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core contains additive particles.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the additives are comprised of nigrosine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the additives are comprised of release fluid components.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the release fluid components are selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, mineral oils, and waxes.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the optical density thereof is from about 1.2 to about 1.7.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 85 percent by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein insitu polymerized vinyl type monomers selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, methacrylates, acrylates, polyolefins, and mixtures thereof are utilized.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
91 words
A process for the preparation of the toner composition of claim 1 which comprises dispersing pigment particles and polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene succinate, polyhalogenated olefins, polyalkyl-alkylstyrenes, rosin modified maleic resin, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, poly(ε-caprolactones), and mixtures thereof; and a halogenated aliphatic solvent; thereafter adding the formed mixture to a water surfactant solution while mixing thereby enabling the formation of toner particles; encapsulating the formed toner particles within a shell prepared by interfacial polymerization; and evaporating the solvent by heating, followed by washing and drying the resulting toner.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein mixing is accomplished for a period of from about 20 seconds to about 10 minutes.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the solvent selected has a boiling point of from about 35° to about 70° C.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the solvent is dichloromethane.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the solvent is hexane.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the toner formulated is subjected to spray drying.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the toner formulated is subjected to freeze drying or fluidized bed drying.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive imaging member; subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 1; thereafter transferring the image to a suitable substrate; and permanently affixing the image thereto by applying heat to the transferred image.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive imaging member; subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 2; thereafter transferring the image to a suitable substrate; and permanently affixing the image thereto by applying heat to the transferred image.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive imaging member; subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 14; thereafter transferring the image to a suitable substrate; and permanently affixing the image thereto by applying heat to the transferred image.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive imaging member; subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 15; thereafter transferring the image to a suitable substrate; and permanently affixing the image thereto by applying heat to the transferred image.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the solvent is replaced by a vinyl monomer which is polymerized insitu.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymer is a poly(ε-caprolactone).
References Cited (Backward Citations)
JPS53119044A
Cited
GB2112538A
Cited
US4500624A
Cited
US4533617A
Cited
US4529681A
Cited
US4562137A
Cited
US4708924A
Cited
US4717638A
Cited
US4536462A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-08-07 | 1993-02-06 | 1993-08-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-08-07 | 1997-02-06 | 1997-08-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-08-07 | 2001-02-06 | 2001-08-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |