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US4849810A
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Hierarchial encoding method and apparatus for efficiently communicating image sequences
Assignee: ACCEL CAPITAL (INTERNATIONAL) LP
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Filing: 1987-06-02
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Granted: 1989-07-18
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Expires: 2007-06-02
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system, and in particular in a motion compensated image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames from a transmitter to a receiver, employ hierarchial vector quantization and arithmetic coding to increase the data compression of the images being transmitted. The method and apparatus decimate an interframe predicted image data and an uncoded current image data, and apply hierarchial vector quantization encoding to the resulting pyramid data structures. Lossy coding is applied on a level-by-level basis for generating the encoded data representation of the image difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded original image. The method and apparatus are applicable to systems transmitting a sequence of image frames both with and without motion compensation. The method and apparatus feature blurring those blocks of the predicted image data which fail to adequately represent the current image at a pyramid structural level and shifting block boundaries to increase the efficiency of the vector quantization coding mechanism. The method further features techniques when gain/shape vector quantization is employed for decreasing the data which must be sent to the receiver by varying the size of the shape code book as a function of the gain associated with the shape. Thresholding and the deletion of isolated blocks of data also decrease transmission requirements without objectionable loss of image quality.
Inventors
- 👤 S. Staffan Ericsson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 16:47
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N19/00; G; G06; G06T; G06T9/00; G06T9/008; H04N19/10; H04N19/169; H04N19/186; H04N19/50; H04N19/503; H04N19/51; H04N19/53; H04N19/587; H04N19/59; H04N19/60; H04N19/61; H04N19/63; H04N19/90; H04N19/94
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 82
Claim 1
Independent Claim
116 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for gnerating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
116 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for gnerating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of applying said herarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and blurring blocks of the predicted image representation when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises the step of employing arithmetic coding for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1 further coomprising the step of applying said encoding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-blockbasis, and shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving the encoding efficiency.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
102 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of subtracting, at a top level, the predicted image data structure from the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, forming a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and forming a prediction image at each lower level by ombining an interpolated output image of the next higher level with a prediction interpolation error dtat structure at the lower level.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said prediction forming step further comprises the step of interpolating the output image from the next higher level for generating said interpolated output image.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of applying said vector quantization and coding only to the prediction image error at a bottom plurality of levels of the pyramid data structures, transmitting only blur information at the next to highest level, and transmitting only a scalar quantization data at the top level of processing.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
120 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
120 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
56 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said applying means further comprises means for applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and means for blurring blocks of the predicted image representation when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said applying means further comprises arithmetic coding means for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claiam 8 further comprising means for applying said coding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improbing encoding efficiency.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claiam 8 further comprising means for applying said coding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improbing encoding efficiency.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
105 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said applying means comprises means for subtracting, at a top level, the predicted image data structure from the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, means for forming a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and means for forming a prediction image at each lower level by combining an interpolated output image of the next higher level with a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower level.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in a motion compensation image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in a motion compensation image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and blurring blocks of the predicted image representation when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said applying step comprises the step of employing arithmetic coding for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of applying said encoding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving the encoding efficiency.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
102 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of subtracting, at a top level, the predicted image data structure from the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, forming a warped interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and forming a prediction image at each lower level by combining an interpolated output image of the next higher level with a warped interpolation error data structure at the lower level.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said prediction forming step further comprises the step of interpolating the output image from the next higher level for generating said interpolated output image.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of applying said vector quantization and coding only to the prediction image error at a bottom plurality of levels of the pyramid data structures, transmitting only blur information at the next to highest level, and transmitting only a scalar quantization data at the top level of processing.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in a motion compensation image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
122 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in a motion compensation image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
56 words
The arraratus of claim 20 wherein said applying means further comprises means for applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures of a block-by-block basis, and means for blurring blocks of the predicted image representation prior to generating said difference when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said applying means further comprises arithmetic coding means for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising means for applying said coding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
105 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said applying means comprises means for subtracting, at a top level, the predicted image data structure from the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, means for forming a warped interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the diference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and means for forming a prediction image at each lower level by combining an interpolated output image of the next higher level with a warped interpolation error data structure at the lower level.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame, decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame, decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and applying hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of forming said predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 25 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of applying said hierarchical incoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and blurring blocks of the predicted image representation prior to generating said difference when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 25 wherein said applying step comprises the step of employing arithmetic coding for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of applying said encoding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving the encoding efficiency.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 25 wherein said applying step comprises the step of forming an interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the difference image data at the lower level and an interpolated reconstructed difference image data at the next higher level.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
118 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing an uncoded current image frame, means for decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
118 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing an uncoded current image frame, means for decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a hierarchical vector quantization encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising means for forming said predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
56 words
The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said applying means further comprises means for applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and means for blurring blocks of the predicted image representation prior to generating said difference when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said applying means further comprises arithmetic coding means for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising means for applying said coding to said data structures of a level on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
47 words
The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said applying means comprises means for forming an interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the difference image data at the lower level and an interpolated reconstructed difference image data at the next higher level.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
136 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data, said applying step including the step of interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
136 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data, said applying step including the step of interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of forming said interframe predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and blurring blocks of the predicted image representation when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said applying step comprises the step of employing arithmetic coding for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
102 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of subtracting, at a top level, the predicted image data structure form the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, forming a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and forming a prediction image at each lower level by combining an interpolated output image of the next higher level with a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower level.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 41 wherein said prediction forming step further comprises the step of interpolating the output image from the next higher level for generating said interpolated output image.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
138 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data, said applying means comprising means for interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
138 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for decimating an interframe predicted image data for a current image frame for generating a prediction pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, means for decimating an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame for generating a current image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said prediction and current image pyramid data structures on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data, said applying means comprising means for interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 43 further comprising means for forming said interframe predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
56 words
The apparatus of claim 44 wherein said applying means further comprises means for applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and means for blurring blocks of the predicted image representation when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said applying means further comprises arithmetic coding means for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
104 words
The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said applying means comprises means for subtracting, at atop level, the predicted image data structure from the current image data structure for generating a top level output image, means for forming a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the predicted image data at the lower level and the interpolated predicted image data at the next higher level, and means for forming a prediction image at each lower level by combining an interpolated ouput image of the next higher level with a prediction interpolation error data structure at the lower level.
Claim 57
Independent Claim
135 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame, decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data, said applying step including the step of interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 58
Independent Claim
135 words
A method for encoding interframe error data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing the uncoded current image frame, decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having a plurality of decimation levels, and applying lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the uncoded current image data, said applying step including the step of interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 48 further comprising the step of forming said predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 48 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and blurring blocks of the predicted image representation prior to generating said difference when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 48 wherein said applying step comprises the steps of employing arithemtic coding for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 48 wherein said applying step comprises the step of forming an interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the difference image data at the lower level and an interpolated reconstructed difference image data at the next higher level.
Claim 63
Independent Claim
138 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing an uncoded current image frame, means for decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data, said applying means comprising means for interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 64
Independent Claim
138 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe error data in an image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for forming a difference image representing, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the difference between a predicted image data for a current image frame and an uncoded current image data representing an uncoded current image frame, means for decimating said difference image for generating a difference image pyramid data structure having said plurality of decimation levels, and means for applying a lossy compression hierarchical encoding to said difference image pyramid data structure on a level by level basis for generating an encoded data representation of the difference between the predicted image data and the encoded current image data, said applying means comprising means for interpolating, for at least one lower level, image data from a higher level.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 53 further comprising means for forming said predicted image data using interframe motion compensation.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
61 words
The apparatus of claim 53 wherein said applying means further comprises means for applying said hierarchical encoding to said data structures on a block-by-block basis, and means for blurring blocks of the predicted image representation prior to generating said difference when a predicted image data fails to adequately represent a block portion of said current image at a pyramid structure level.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 53 wherein said applying means further comprises arithmetic coding means for generating, in part, said encoded representation.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
47 words
The apparatus of claim 53 wherein said applying means comprises means for forming an interpolation error data structure at the lower levels by taking the difference between the difference image data at the lower level and an interpolated reconstructed difference image data at the next higher level.
Claim 69
Independent Claim
42 words
A method for encoding data represented as a multi-dimensional array of data values comprising the steps of quantizing said data values by applying gain/shape vector quantization coding, and deleting all small non-zero values having a zero value for each of its neighbors.
Claim 70
Independent Claim
42 words
A method for encoding data represented as a multi-dimensional array of data values comprising the steps of quantizing said data values by applying gain/shape vector quantization coding, and deleting all small non-zero values having a zero value for each of its neighbors.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 58 further comprising the step of generating said data values for representing image data in an image transmission system, said rray being a two dimensional array and having eight nearest neighbors.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 59 further comprising the step of motion compensating said image transmission system for transmitting a sequence of images over a communications path.
Claim 73
Independent Claim
72 words
A method for encoding image data represented as an array of data values comprising the steps of applying gain/shape vector quantization to blocks of said array of data values for encoding said values, transmitting the gain/shape code words for each non-zero block over a channel path to a receiver, and varying the size of a shape code book for said vector quantization as a function of the gain associated with the shape.
Claim 74
Independent Claim
72 words
A method for encoding image data represented as an array of data values comprising the steps of applying gain/shape vector quantization to blocks of said array of data values for encoding said values, transmitting the gain/shape code words for each non-zero block over a channel path to a receiver, and varying the size of a shape code book for said vector quantization as a function of the gain associated with the shape.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 61 further comprising the step of generating said image data using a motion-compensated image system.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 61 wherein said image data represents a multidimensional array of data values.
Claim 77
Independent Claim
56 words
The method for encoding interframe image data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of applying vector quantization encoding to said image data on a block-by-block basis, and shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 78
Independent Claim
56 words
The method for encoding interframe image data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said method comprising the steps of applying vector quantization encoding to said image data on a block-by-block basis, and shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 64 wherein said shifting step comprises the step of shifting said block boundaries a plurality of picture elements in each of a plurality of axial directions defining an image plane.
Claim 80
Independent Claim
57 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe image data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for applying vector quantization encoding to said image data on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 81
Independent Claim
57 words
An apparatus for encoding interframe image data, in an image transmission system, for transmitting a sequence of image frames, said apparatus comprising means for applying vector quantization encoding to said image data on a block-by-block basis, and means for shifting block location boundaries from frame to frame of said sequence of image frames for improving encoding efficiency.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
33 words
The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said shifting means comprises means for shifting said block boundaries a plurality of picture elements in each of a plurality of axial directions defining an image plane.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-17 | 1993-01-16 | 1993-07-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-01-16 | 1997-07-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-01-16 | 2001-07-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |