US4849205A
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Hydrogen storage hydride electrode materials
Assignee: Energy Conversion Devices Inc
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Filing: 1987-11-17
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Granted: 1989-07-18
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Expires: 2007-11-17
Abstract
Abstract Four groups of advanced hydrogen hydride storage and hydride electrode materials, consisting of two common elements, titanium and nickel. In the first group of materials, zirconium and chromium are added with the common elements. The second group of materials contain three additional elements in addition to the common elements, namely, chromium, zirconium and vanadium. The third group of materials contain also, in addition to the common elements, zirconium and vanadium. The fourth group of materials adds manganese and vanadium with the common elements. The preparation methods of the materials, as well as their hydride electrode are disclosed. Electrochemical studies indicate that these materials have high capacity, long cycle life and high rate capability.
Inventors
- 👤 Kuochih Hong
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:27
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/02; C01B3/06; C01B3/08; C22; C22C; C22C19/00; C22C19/03; C22C19/05; C01B3/0005; C01B3/001; C01B3/0018; C01B3/0031; H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/24; H01M4/242; H01M4/36; H01M4/38; H01M4/383; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/32; Y02E60/36; Y10; Y10S; Y10S420/00; Y10S420/90
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 42
Claim 1
Independent Claim
211 words
A material for hydride hydrogen storage and a hydride electrode, said material comprising the composition formula selected from the group consisting of: Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c Cr.sub.d M.sub.x H.sub.y, where M equals any of Al, Si, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.4, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0.1≦d≦1.4, a+b+c+d=3, 0≦x≦0.2, and y>0; Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.d V.sub.3-a-b-c-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.2, 0.1≦c≦1.3, 0.2≦d≦1.95, 0.4≦a+b+c+d≦2.9, 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 and b=0.5, then a+c≠0.5 and b≧0.25; Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c V.sub.3-a-b-c M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, and x are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2, and 0.6≦a+b+c≦2.9, and for x=0 then a+b≠1 and 0.24≦b≦1.3; and Ti.sub.a Mn.sub.b V.sub.c Ni.sub.d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Zr, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and were a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.6, 0.1≦b≦1.6, 0.1≦c≦1.7, 0.2≦d≦2.0, a+b+c+d=3, and 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 then b+d≠0.75.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
211 words
A material for hydride hydrogen storage and a hydride electrode, said material comprising the composition formula selected from the group consisting of: Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c Cr.sub.d M.sub.x H.sub.y, where M equals any of Al, Si, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.4, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0.1≦d≦1.4, a+b+c+d=3, 0≦x≦0.2, and y>0; Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.d V.sub.3-a-b-c-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.2, 0.1≦c≦1.3, 0.2≦d≦1.95, 0.4≦a+b+c+d≦2.9, 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 and b=0.5, then a+c≠0.5 and b≧0.25; Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c V.sub.3-a-b-c M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, and x are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2, and 0.6≦a+b+c≦2.9, and for x=0 then a+b≠1 and 0.24≦b≦1.3; and Ti.sub.a Mn.sub.b V.sub.c Ni.sub.d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Zr, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and were a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.6, 0.1≦b≦1.6, 0.1≦c≦1.7, 0.2≦d≦2.0, a+b+c+d=3, and 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 then b+d≠0.75.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
163 words
A hydride of the material o claim 1 comprising the composition formula selected from the group consisting of: Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.d V.sub.3-a-b-c-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.2, 0.≦c≦1.3, 0.2≦d≦1.95 0.4≦a+b+c+d≦2.4, 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 and b=0.5, then a+c≠0.5 and b≧0.25; Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c V.sub.3-a-b-c M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and were a, b, c, d, and x are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2, and 0.6≦a+b+c≦2.9, and for x=0 then a+b≠1 and 0.24≦b≦1.3: and Ti.sub.a Mn.sub.b V.sub.c Ni.sub.d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Zr, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and were a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.6, 0.1≦b≦1.6, 0.1≦c≦1.7, 0.2≦d≦2.0, a+b+c+d=3, and 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0 then b+d≠0.75.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 1 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula is Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c Cr.sub.d H.sub.y, where a, b, c, and d are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.4, 0.1≦b≦1.3, 0.25≦c≦1.95, 0.1≦d≦1.4, y>0 and a+b+c+d=3.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 4 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula is: Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.d V.sub.3-a-b-c-d, where a, b, c, and d, are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.25≦b≦1.2, 0.1≦c≦1.3, 0.2≦d≦1.95, 0.4≦a+b+c+d≦2.9, and if b=0.5, then a+c≠0.5.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 6.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 6 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula is Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c V.sub.3-a-b-c, where a, b, and c are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.24≦b≦1.3, a+b.1, 0.25≦c≦1.95, and 0.6≦a+b+c≦2.9.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 9.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 10 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula is Ti.sub.a Mn.sub.b V.sub.c Ni.sub.d, were a, b, c, and d, are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.6, 0.1≦b≦1.6, 0.1≦c≦1.7, 0.2≦d≦2.0, b+d≠0.75 and a+b+c+d=3.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 12.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 13 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
54 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula is Ti.sub.a Mn.sub.b V.sub.c Ni.sub.d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Zr, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and were a, b, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.6, 0.1≦b≦1.6, 0.1≦c≦1.7, 0.2≦d≦2.0, a+b+c+d=3 and 0≦x≦0.2.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 15.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 15 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
51 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition formula Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.a Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.d V.sub.3-2a-c-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, c, d, and x are defined by: 0.25≦a≦1.2, 0.1≦c≦1.2, 0.2≦d≦1.95, 0.9≦2a+c+d≦2.8, and 0≦x≦0.2.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 18.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 18 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
57 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.1-a-b Ni.sub.d V.sub.2-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, b, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦0.8, 0.1≦b≦0.8, 0.25≦d≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2, and for x=0, then b≠0.5 and b≧0.25.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 21.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 21 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
53 words
A material as defined in claim 22, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.a Zr.sub.1-2a Ni.sub.d V.sub.2-d M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, d, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦0.45, 0.25≦d≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2 and when x=0 then a≧0.25.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 24.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 19 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
53 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.a Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.2-c V.sub.1-2a M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, c, and x are defined by: 0.1≦a≦0.45, 0.2≦c≦1.2, 0≦x≦0.2 and if x=0 then a≧0.25.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 27.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 27 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
32 words
A material as defined in claim 10, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.1.2+t-a-d Ni.sub.1.8-t V.sub.d, where a, d, and t are defined as: 0.1≦a≦0.3 and 0.62≦a≦1.3, 0.2≦d≦1.8, 0≦t≦1.55, 0≦t-a-d≦1.2 and -0.1≦a+d-t≦0.96.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 30.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 30 in the form of at leat one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
51 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.y-a Ni.sub.c V.sub.3-y-c M.sub.x, where M equals any of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag, Pd, and rare earth metals, and where a, c, x, and y are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.2≦c≦1.95, 0≦x≦0.2, and 0.7≦y≦1.6.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 33.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 33 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
61 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition formula is selected from the group consisting of: Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.2-b V.sub.1-a, where a, and b are defined as: 0.1≦a≦0.8, 0.24≦b≦1.2, a+b≠1; Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.1-a V.sub.2-b, where a, and b are defined as: 0.2≦a≦0.75, 0.24≦b≦1.2, a+b≠1; and Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.1-b V.sub.2-a, where a, and b are defined as: 0.1≦a≦1.3, 0.24≦b≦0.75, a+b≠1.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 36.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 36 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
35 words
A material as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition formula is Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Zr.sub.c Ni.sub.1.95-t V.sub.1.05+t-a-b-c, where a, b, c, and t are defined by: 0.1≦a≦1.2, 0.1≦b≦1.2, 0.1≦c≦1.2, 0≦t≦1.75, and for b=0.5, then a+c=0.5.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
8 words
A hydride of the material of claim 39.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
20 words
The material of claim 37 in the form of at least one hydride electrode for an electrochemical energy storage system.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-17 | 1993-01-16 | 1993-07-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-01-16 | 1997-07-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-01-16 | 2001-07-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |