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US4838646A
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US
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Optical arithmetic logic using the modified signed-digit redundant number representation
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
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Filing: 1986-12-29
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Granted: 1989-06-13
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Expires: 2006-12-29
Abstract
Abstract Optical architectures are presented for performing fully parallel, carry-free computation with a trinary, modified signal-digit number representation to allow addition, subtraction and multiplication. Two different optical schemes involving position and polarization encoding enable the fabrication of modular trinary logic systems that accommodate trinary numbers of different magnitudes. The optical systems made up of redundant three-dimensional modules provide a designer with latitude to simultaneously carry out addition, subtraction or multiplication optically and with reduced complexity.
Inventors
- 👤 Mark E. Lasher
- 👤 Richard P. Bocker
- 👤 Barry L. Drake
- 👤 Thomas B. Henderson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 23:51
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06E; G06E1/00; G06E1/02; G06E1/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 56
Claim 1
Independent Claim
417 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from the optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of the leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of the leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of the rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of the rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and menas optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
417 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from the optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of the leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of the leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of the rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of the rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and menas optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
124 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, in which said optically providing means includes a plurality of T logic function modules and a plurality of W logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically generating means includes a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality of W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and said optically producing means includes one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means includes one W' logic function module and said optically combining means includes at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
An apparatus according to claim 2 in which the arithmetic processing includes the addition of the two trinary numbers and the composite trinary output signal is a representation of the sum.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
258 words
An apparatus according to claim 2 in which a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means, a T' logic function module of said optically generating means and a T logic function module of said optically combining means are optically coupled together to form an L element of an adder array assembly that provides the most significant bit as part of the composite output signal; a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means and a W' logic function module of said optically generating means are optically coupled together to form an R element of an adder array assembly that provides said outher digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit as part of the composite output signal; and a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means, a T' logic function module and a W' logic function module of said optically generating means and a T logic function module of said optically combining means are optically coupled together to form each A element of an adder array assembly that provides part of the composite output signal attributed to the second transfer and weight digits, an A element of the adder array assembly is optically coupled to the L element of the adder array assembly and an A element is optically coupled to the R element of an adder array assembly to form a composite adder array.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
81 words
An apparatus according to claim 4 in which a plurality of A elements of the adder array assembly is optically coupled together i a juxtaposed relationship with a left A element of an adder array assembly optically coupled to the L element of an adder array assembly and a right A element of an adder array assembly optically coupled to the R element of an adder array assembly to accommodate trinary digit numbers made up of a plurality of trinary digits.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
An apparatus according to claim 1 in which the arithmetic processing is the addition of the two trinary numbers and the composite trinary output signal is a representation of the sum.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
258 words
An apparatus according to claim 6 in which a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means, a T' logic function module of said optically generating means and a T logic function module of said optically combining means are optically coupled together to form an L element of an adder array assembly that provides the most significant bit as part of the composite output signal; a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means and a W' logic function module of said optically generating means are optically coupled together to form an R element of an adder array assembly that provides said other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit as part of the composite output signal; and a T logic function module and a W logic function module of said optically providing means, a T' logic function module and a W' logic function module of said optically generating means and a T logic function module of said optically combining means are optically coupled together to form each A element of an adder array assembly that provides part of the composite output signal attributed to the second transfer and weight digits, an A element of the adder array assembly is optically coupled to the L element of the adder array assembly and an A element is optically coupled to the R element of an edder array assembly to form a composite adder array.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
714 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic funcitons on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically to coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, said optically providing means includes at least one T logic function module and one W logic function module optically interconnected together, said optically generating means includes a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality OF W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and said optically producing means includes one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means includes one W' logic function module and said optically combining means includes at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected, the arithmetic processing is the addition of the two trinary numbers and the composite output trinary signal is a representation of the sum, each of the T, W, T' and W' logic function modules includes: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separting the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of the other digit of the other of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each bistable element being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits of the two trinary numbers.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
714 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic funcitons on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically to coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, said optically providing means includes at least one T logic function module and one W logic function module optically interconnected together, said optically generating means includes a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality OF W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and said optically producing means includes one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means includes one W' logic function module and said optically combining means includes at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected, the arithmetic processing is the addition of the two trinary numbers and the composite output trinary signal is a representation of the sum, each of the T, W, T' and W' logic function modules includes: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separting the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of the other digit of the other of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each bistable element being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits of the two trinary numbers.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
82 words
An apparatus according to claim 8 in which each W logic function module also includes a (w) component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine optically bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d2 and d4 to elements e3, from parts d1, d5, d7 and d9 to element e2 from parts d6 and d8 to element e1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
83 words
An apparatus according to claim 9 in which each T logic function module also includes a (t) component have a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d6, d8 and d9 to element e3, from parts d3, d5 and d7 to element e2 and from parts d1, d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
83 words
An apparatus according to claim 10 in which each W' logic function module also includes a (W') component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one opticlly aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d6 and d8 to element e3, from parts d1, d3, d5, d7 and d9 to element e2, and from parts d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
81 words
An apparatus according to claim 11 in which each T' logic function module also includes a (t') component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from part d9 to element e3, from parts d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7 and d8 to element e2, and from part d1 to element e1.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
76 words
An apparatus according to claim 12 in which the arithmetic processing also includes subtraction of one of the trinary digit numbers from the other by the addition of its complement to the other and further including; means coupled to receive one of the trinary numbers for effecting the complement thereof, by changing the digits thereof (101 to 101) respectively and to couple the output therefrom to said optically providing means as one digit of said digit-pairs.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
An apparatus according to claim 13 in which the complement effecting means includes a plurality of M logic function modules each optically coupled to effect the complement of the digit of said one trinary number.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
223 words
An apparatus according to cliam 14 in which each M logic function module includes: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a stable state digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and an (m) component having a prism array having nine beam parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with a separate one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements, e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d3 and d7 to element e3, from parts d2, d4, d5, d6 and d8 to element e2 and from parts d1 and d9 to element e1.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
223 words
An apparatus according to cliam 14 in which each M logic function module includes: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a stable state digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and an (m) component having a prism array having nine beam parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with a separate one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements, e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d3 and d7 to element e3, from parts d2, d4, d5, d6 and d8 to element e2 and from parts d1 and d9 to element e1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
83 words
An apparatus according to claim 8 in which each T logic function module also includes a (t) component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d6, d8 and d9 to element e3, from parts d3, d5 and d7 to element e2 and from parts d1, d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
83 words
An apparatus according to claim 8 in which each W' logic function module also includes a (W') component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d6 and d8 to element e3, from parts d1, d3, d5, d7 and d9 to element e2 and from parts d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
81 words
An apparatus according to claim 8 in which each T' logic function module also includes a (t') component having a prism array having nine parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d9 to element e3, from parts d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7 and d8 to element e2 and from part d1 to element e1.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
603 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic funciton, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first trasfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, said optically providing means includes at least one T logic function module and one W logic function module optically coupled together, said optically generating means includes a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality of W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and said optically producing means includes one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means includes one W' logic function module and said optically combining means includes at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected together, the arithmetic processing includes the subtraction of one of the trinary numbers from the other by the addition of its complement to the other and further including; means optically coupled to receive one of the trinary numbers for effecting the complement thereof, by changing the digits thereof (101 to 101) respectively and to optically couple the output therefrom to said optically providing means as one of the digits of said digit-pairs.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
603 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pairs of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic funciton, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first trasfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, said optically providing means includes at least one T logic function module and one W logic function module optically coupled together, said optically generating means includes a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality of W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and said optically producing means includes one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means includes one W' logic function module and said optically combining means includes at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected together, the arithmetic processing includes the subtraction of one of the trinary numbers from the other by the addition of its complement to the other and further including; means optically coupled to receive one of the trinary numbers for effecting the complement thereof, by changing the digits thereof (101 to 101) respectively and to optically couple the output therefrom to said optically providing means as one of the digits of said digit-pairs.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
35 words
An apparatus according to claim 19 in which the complement effecting means includes a plurility of M logic function modules each optically coupled to effect the complement of the digits of said one trinary number.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
223 words
An apparatus according to claim 20 in which each M logic function module includes: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two triary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a stable state digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and an (m) component having a prism array having nine beam parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with a separate one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements, e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d3 and d7 to element e3, from parts d2, d4, d5, d6 and d8 to element e2 and from parts d1 and d9 to element e1.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
483 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optionally providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-paris of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rithtmost second weight digit; means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically conbine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, the arithmetic processing includes a subtraction of one of the trinary digit numbers from the other by the addition of its complement to the other and further including; means coupled to receive one of the trinary numbers for effecting the complement thereof, by changing the digits thereof (101 to 101) respectively and to couple the outputs thereon to said optically providing means as one of said digit-pairs.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
483 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers, each digit of said trinary numbers being represented by an optical triad of beams in modified signed-digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optionally providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-paris of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rithtmost second weight digit; means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically conbine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal, the arithmetic processing includes a subtraction of one of the trinary digit numbers from the other by the addition of its complement to the other and further including; means coupled to receive one of the trinary numbers for effecting the complement thereof, by changing the digits thereof (101 to 101) respectively and to couple the outputs thereon to said optically providing means as one of said digit-pairs.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
35 words
An apparatus according to claim 22 in which the complement effecting means includes a plurality of M logic function modules each optically coupled to effect the complement of the digits of said one trinary number.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
223 words
An apparatus according to claim 23 in which each M logic function module includes: and (s) component having one set of three portions of a diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a digit from one of the two trinary numbers in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of the diffraction grating receiving the triad beams of a stable state digit in an encoded light beam respresentation (101) impinging thereon, and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and and (m) component having a prism array having nine beam parts d1-d9, each one optically aligned with a separate one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements, e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts d3 and d7 to element e3, from parts d2, d4, d5, d6 and d8 to element e2 and from parts d1 and d9 to element e1.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
167 words
An apparatus for optically performing an optical logic function on optical triad beams representative of a separate digit from each of two trinary numbers comprising: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a means for diffracting the triad beams of one digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of means for diffracting the triad beams of the other digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating th triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and optically interconnected other component optionally of (w), (t), (t'), (w'), (0), or (m).
Claim 31
Independent Claim
167 words
An apparatus for optically performing an optical logic function on optical triad beams representative of a separate digit from each of two trinary numbers comprising: an (s) component having one set of three portions of a means for diffracting the triad beams of one digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon and separating the triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of nine optical bistable elements each disposed to intercept one each of the separated beams and a second set of three portions of means for diffracting the triad beams of the other digit in an encoded light beam representation (101) impinging thereon, and separating th triad beams into three beams each that are each directed onto one of the nine optical bistable elements, each of the bistable elements being fabricated to transfer a beam signal only upon the coincidence of beams from both digits and optically interconnected other component optionally of (w), (t), (t'), (w'), (0), or (m).
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
106 words
An apparatus according to claim 25 in which the logic function is a W logic function and the other component is a (w) component having a means for directing beams having nine parts associated with beams d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine optically bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to a means for redirecting having elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts associated with beam d2 and d4 to element e3, from parts associated with beams d3, d5, d7 and d9 to element e2 and from parts associated with beams d6 and d8 to element e1.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 25 in which the means for diffracting is a diffraction grating, the means for directing is a prism array and the means for redirecting is a holographic array.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
51 words
An apparatus according to claim 26 in which the means for diffracting is a holographic array, the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed with an optical coupler to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
61 words
An apparatus according to claim 26 in which the means for diffracting is a plurality of optical fibers suitably disposed to separate the triad beams onto the bistable elements and the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
101 words
An apparatus according to claim 25 in which the logic function is a T logic function and the other component is a (t) component having a prism array having nine parts associated with beams d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts associated with beams d6, d8 and d9 to element e3, from parts associated with beams d3, d5 and d7 to element e2 and from parts associated with beams d1, d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 30 in which the means for diffracting is a diffraction grating, the means for directing is a prism array and the means for redirecting is a holographic array.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
51 words
An apparatus according to claim 30 in which the means for diffracting is a holographic array, the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed with an optical coupler to receive beams from the bistable element and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
62 words
An apparatus according to claim 36 in which the means for diffracting is a plurality of optical fibers suitably disposed to separate the two traid beams onto the bistable elements and the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
99 words
An apparatus according to claim 25 in which the logic function is W' logic function and the other component is a (W') component having a prism array having nine parts passing beams d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements e1-e3, the beam directing being from parts associated with beams d6 and d8 to element e3, from parts associated with beams d1, d3, d5, d7 and d9 to element e2 and from parts associated with beams d2 and d4 to element e1.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 34 in which the means for diffracting is a diffraction grating, the means for directing is a prism array and the means for redirecting is a holographic array.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
51 words
An apparatus according to claim 34 in which the means for diffracting is a holographic array, the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed with an optical coupler to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
61 words
An apparatus according to claim 34 in which the means for diffracting is a plurality of optical fibers suitably disposed to separate the triad beam onto the bistable elements and the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
100 words
An apparatus according to claim 25 in which the logic function is T' logic function and the other component is a (t') component having a prism array having nine parts associated with beams d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beam signals therefrom to holographic array elements el-e3, the beam directing being from the part associated with beam d9 to element e3, from parts associated with beams d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7 and d8 to element e2 and from the part associated with beam d1 to element el.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 38 in which the means for difracting is a diffraction grating, the means for directing is a prism array and the means for redirecting is a holographic array.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
51 words
An apparatus according to claim 38 in which the means for diffracting is a holographic array, the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed with an optical coupler to receive beams from the bistable element and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
62 words
An apparatus according to claim 38 in which the means for diffracting is a plurality of optical fibers suitably disposed to separate the two triad mean onto the bistable elements and the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
99 words
An apparatus to claim 26 in which the logic function is M logic function and the other component is an (m) component having a prism array having nine parts associated with beams d1-d9, each one optically aligned with one of the nine bistable elements of the (s) component to direct beams signals therefrom to holographic array elements, el-e3, the beam directing being from parts associated with beams d3 and d7 to element e3, from parts associated with beams d2, d4, d5, d6 and d8 to element e2 and from parts associated with beams d1 and d9 to element el.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus according to claim 42 which the means for diffracting is a diffraction grating, the means for directing is a prism array and the means for redirecting is a holographic array.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
51 words
An apparatus according to claim 42 in which the means for diffracting is a holographic array, the means for directing is a plurality of optical fibers each suitably disposed with an optical coupler to receive beams from the bistable element and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
62 words
An apparatus according to claim 42 in which the means for diffracting is a plurality of optical fibers suitably disposed to separate the two triad beams onto the bistable elements and the means for directing is a plurality of optical fiber each suitably disposed to receive beams from the bistable elements and oriented to direct the beams to the means for redirecting.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
105 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers each digit of said trinary numbers being represented in modified signed digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically generating partial products of both trinary numbers; a plurality of optical adder array assemblies each optically coupled to receive a pair of partial products to optically create composite trinary trinary output signals therefrom; and input optical adding means optically coupled to receive the composite trianry output signals from the plurality of optical adder array assemblies for optically adding them together to provided a product trinary output signal.
Claim 53
Independent Claim
105 words
An apparatus for optically implementing the arithmetic processing of two trinary numbers each digit of said trinary numbers being represented in modified signed digit number representations comprising: means optically coupled to receive the two trinary numbers for optically generating partial products of both trinary numbers; a plurality of optical adder array assemblies each optically coupled to receive a pair of partial products to optically create composite trinary trinary output signals therefrom; and input optical adding means optically coupled to receive the composite trianry output signals from the plurality of optical adder array assemblies for optically adding them together to provided a product trinary output signal.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
808 words
An apparatus according to claim 46 in which each optical adder array assembly is fabricated to include: means optically coupled to receive a pair of partical products of both trinary numbers for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accordance with T and W truth table logic functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each trinary number, all digit-pair of the partial products of the two trinary numbers being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coupled to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a composite trinary output signal; and each input optical adding means is fabricated to include: means optically coupled to receive the composite trinary output signals for optically providing pairs of first transfer and weight digits in accondance with T and W truth table functions on digit-pairs made up of corresponding digits in each composite trinary output signal, all digit-pairs of the two composite trianary output signals being simultaneously received and being optically processed in parallel to produce simultaneous and parallel said pairs of optical first transfer and weight digits; means optically coulped to receive the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means except for a leftmost pair of first transfer and weight digits and a rightmost pair of first transfer and weight digits for optically generating second transfer and weight digits in accordance with T' and W' truth table logic functions, the first transfer weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel to generate the second transfer and weight digits; and means optically coupled to receive one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from said optically providing means for optically producing a leftmost second transfer digit in accordance with a T' truth table logic function, said one digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to provide said leftmost second transfer digit; means optically coupled to receive one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits from optically providing means for optically enabling a rightmost second weight digit in accordance with a W' truth table logic function, said one digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits being optically operated on simultaneously and in parallel with the other first transfer and weight digits to enable said rightmost second weight digit; and means optically coupled to receive said second transfer and weight digits, the other digit of said leftmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said leftmost second transfer digit for optically combining thereof in accordance with T truth table logic functions and to optically combine these digits simultaneously and in parallel with the other digit of said rightmost pair of the first transfer and weight digits and said rightmost second weight digit, which together form a product trinary output signal.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
141 words
An apparatus according to claim 47, in which said optically providing means in each optical adder array assembly and input optical adding means includes a plurality of T logic function modules and a plurality of W logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically generating means including and a plurality of T' logic function modules and a plurality of W' logic function modules optically interconnected together, said optically providing means and said optically generating means are extended in number to accommodate different magnitudes of trinary numbers and trinary output signal respectively and said optically producing means including one T' logic function module optically interconnected together with said optically providing means and said optically generating means, said optically enabling means including one W' logic function module and said optically combining means including at least one T logic function module appropriately optically interconnected.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus according to claim 48 in which the trinary numbers and trinary output signals are represented by an optical triad of beams.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-06-12 | 1992-12-12 | 1993-06-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-06-12 | 1996-12-12 | 1997-06-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-12-12 | 2001-06-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |