US4830939A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Radiation cured solid electrolytes and electrochemical devices employing the same
Assignee: MHB Joint Venture
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Filing: 1988-03-25
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Granted: 1989-05-16
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Expires: 2008-03-25
Abstract
Abstract A method for forming an interpenetrating polymeric network containing a liquid electrolyte for use in solid state electrochemical cells which comprises forming a mixture of a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable, compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkaline metal salt; subjecting said mixture to actinic radiation to thereby crosslink said radiation polymerizable ionically conducting material and form a solid matrix containing said ionically conducting liquid; and electrode half elements and electrochemical cells incorporating said network.
Inventors
- 👤 Mei-Tsu Lee
- 👤 Dale R. Shackle
- 👤 Gerhart Schwab
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 02:00
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/18; C; C08; C08F; C08F299/00; C08F299/02; C08F299/022; H01M6/181
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 60
Claim 1
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for forming a polymeric network containing a liquid electrolyte for use in solid state electrochemical cells which comprises forming a mixture of a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, and subjecting said mixture to actinic radiation to thereby crosslink said radiation polymerizable material and form a solid matrix containing said ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for forming a polymeric network containing a liquid electrolyte for use in solid state electrochemical cells which comprises forming a mixture of a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, and subjecting said mixture to actinic radiation to thereby crosslink said radiation polymerizable material and form a solid matrix containing said ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is a polyethylenically unsaturated compound including at least one heteroatom in the molecule.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound includes a repeating unit selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## where R 1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is represented by the formulas I to III below, ##STR3## where n is about 3 to 50 and R is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group and A represents an ethylenically unsaturated moiety or a glycidyl moiety.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 4 wherein said actinic radiation is ultraviolet radiation or electron beam radiation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is a polyethylene glycol modified to include terminal ethylenically unsaturated groups.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said salt is a salt of a cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium cations; and an anion selected from the group consisting of I-, Br-, SCN- ClO 4 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, BF 4 -, PF 6 -, AsF 6 -, and CF 3 COO-.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, an acrylate functionalized polyurethane, or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said ionically conducting liquid is polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said radiation inert ionically conducting liquid is present in said mixture in an amount of at least 45% by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said radiation inert ionically conducting liquid is present in said mixture in an amount of at least 70% by weight.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 11 wherein said liquid aprotic polar solvent includes heteroatoms capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with alkali metal cations.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said aprotic polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,3-dioxolane, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is a mixture of a difunctional and a trifunctional polyethylenically unsaturated compound.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A solid state electrochemical cell including a polymeric network formed by the method of claim 7 as an electrolyte.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid aprotic polar solvent includes heteroatoms capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with alkali metal cations.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for forming an anode half element which comprises coating an anodic metal foil with a mixture which includes a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and subjecting said mixture to actinic radiation to thereby polymerize said radiation polymerizable compound and form a solid matrix containing said ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for forming an anode half element which comprises coating an anodic metal foil with a mixture which includes a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and subjecting said mixture to actinic radiation to thereby polymerize said radiation polymerizable compound and form a solid matrix containing said ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said radiation polymerizable material is ionically conductive.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 18 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is a polyethylenically unsaturated compound including at least one heteroatom in the molecule.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said anodic metal foil is a lithium foil or a lithium coated foil.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 20 wherein said mixture contains at least 45% by weight of said radiation inert liquid.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said liquid aprotic polar solvent includes heteroatoms capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with alkali metal cations.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 22 wherein said aprotic polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,3-dioxolane, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
67 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell comprising assembling an anode half element and a cathode half element with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte therebetween, said radiation polymerizable electrolyte including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and subjecting said electrolyte to actinic radiation.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
67 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell comprising assembling an anode half element and a cathode half element with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte therebetween, said radiation polymerizable electrolyte including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and subjecting said electrolyte to actinic radiation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
48 words
A radiation curable composition useful in forming a polymeric network containing a liquid electrolyte, said composition comprising a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
48 words
A radiation curable composition useful in forming a polymeric network containing a liquid electrolyte, said composition comprising a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being an aprotic polar solvent.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
25 words
The radiation curable composition of claim 25 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is a polyethylenically unsaturated compound including at least one heteroatom in the molecule.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
25 words
The radiation curable composition of claim 25 wherein said liquid aprotic polar solvent includes heteroatoms capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with alkali metal cations.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The radiation curable composition of claim 27 wherein said aprotic polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,3-dioxolane, and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for forming a cathode half element which comprises coating a metal foil with a mixture including an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and subjecting said mixture to radiation to thereby crosslink said radiation polymerizable compound.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for forming a cathode half element which comprises coating a metal foil with a mixture including an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and subjecting said mixture to radiation to thereby crosslink said radiation polymerizable compound.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said active cathode material is an intercalation compound.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 30 wherein said intercalation compound is a vanadium oxide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 31 wherein said mixture additionally includes an ionizable alkali metal salt.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 32 wherein said radiation polymerizable compound is an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a heteroatom.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
91 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and overcoating said radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition with a radiation polymerizable cathode, composition including a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
91 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and overcoating said radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition with a radiation polymerizable cathode, composition including a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 34 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of applying a metal foil current collector to the surface of said radiation polymerizable cathode composition to form an assembly, and subjecting said assembly to radiation.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 34 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of subjecting said electrolyte composition and said cathode composition to radiation, and laminating a metal foil current collector to the surface of said cathode composition.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating a metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable, monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound containing heteroatom, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; an active cathode material, and an electronic conductor; and overcoating said radiation polymerizable cathode composition with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating a metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable, monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound containing heteroatom, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; an active cathode material, and an electronic conductor; and overcoating said radiation polymerizable cathode composition with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of laminating an anodic metal foil member to said electrolyte composition to form an assembly, and subjecting said assembly to radiation.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of subjecting said cathode composition and said electrolyte composition to radiation, and laminating an anodic metal foil member to the surface of said electrolyte composition.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 37 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of applying an anodic metal foil member to the surface of said electrolyte composition, and subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation to cure said electrolyte composition.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 37 comprising the additional steps of subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation to cure said electrolyte composition, and laminating an anodic foil member to the surface of said cured electrolyte composition.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and an ionizable alkali metal salt; subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation; and overcoating said cured electrolyte composition with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
96 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric, radiation polymerizable, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; and an ionizable alkali metal salt; subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation; and overcoating said cured electrolyte composition with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, an active cathode material, an electronic conductor, and a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 42 comprising the additional steps of laminating a metal foil current collector to the surface of said cathode composition, and subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 42 comprising the additional steps of subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition, and laminating a metal foil current collector to the surface of said cured cathode composition.
Claim 53
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid polymerizable, monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, an active cathode material, and an electronic conductor; subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition; and overcoating said cured cathode composition with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent.
Claim 54
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid polymerizable, monomeric or prepolymeric, polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, an active cathode material, and an electronic conductor; subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition; and overcoating said cured cathode composition with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric or prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and coating a metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; an active cathode material and electronic conductor.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for forming an electrochemical cell which comprises coating an anodic metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable electrolyte composition including a liquid, monomeric or prepolymeric radiation polymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated compound, a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, and an ionizable alkali metal salt; and coating a metal foil member with a radiation polymerizable cathode composition including a liquid radiation polymerizable monomeric prepolymeric polyethylenically unsaturated compound a radiation inert ionically conducting liquid, said ionically conducting liquid being a polar aprotic solvent; an active cathode material and electronic conductor.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 46 which further comprises the steps of laminating said coated metal foil member with said coated anodic member such that said electrolyte composition is in contact with said cathode composition, and subjecting said electrolyte composition and said cathodic composition to radiation to cure said compositions.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 46 comprising the additional step of subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said composition, laminating said coated anodic metal foil member with said said cathode composition such that said cured cathode compositions contacts said electrolyte composition, and subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation to cure said electrolyte composition.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 46 which comprises the additional steps of subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation to cure said electrolyte composition, laminating said coated metal foil member with said cured electrolyte composition such that said cathode composition contacts said cured electrolyte composition, and subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
70 words
The method of claim 46 wherein said method comprises the additional steps of subjecting said electrolyte composition to radiation to cure said electrolyte composition, subjecting said cathode composition to radiation to cure said cathode composition, and laminating said anodic metal foil member coated with said cured electrolyte composition to said metal foil member coated with said cured cathode composition such that said cured cathode composition contacts said cured electrolyte composition.
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