US4824360A — Method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxide…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 247 words

A method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the combustion of a fossil fuel which contains nitrogen and sulfur, the method being based on the regulation of the combustion in order to decrease the formation of nitrogen oxides and/or on the reduction of the nitrogen oxides present in the flue gases, and on the binding, into a pulverous material, of the sulfur oxides present in the flue gases, characterized in that the fuel and a stoichiometric or higher than stoichiometric amount of oxygen-containing gas are fed into a combustion reactor so as to provide an air coefficent which is about 1-2 and to burn the fuel, the temperature of the combustion reactor being 900°-1500° C., and so that the resulting combustion gases contain an oxygen content and are directed into a suspension reactor the temperature of which is 750°-1050° C. and into which a pulverous material which binds sulfur oxides is fed to provide a combustion gases-pulverous material suspension having a density of 1-200 kg/m 3 , the oxygen concentration in the combustion reactor and the suspension reactor being adjusted so that the total air coefficient in said combustion reactor and in said suspension reactor is about 1-2, the gases then being directed into an after-treatment reactor, into which an oxygen-containing gas is fed for adjusting the oxygen content in the resulting flue gases so that the residual oxygen content in the flue gases emerging from the after-treatment reactor is 0.5-16% by volume.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 247 words

A method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the combustion of a fossil fuel which contains nitrogen and sulfur, the method being based on the regulation of the combustion in order to decrease the formation of nitrogen oxides and/or on the reduction of the nitrogen oxides present in the flue gases, and on the binding, into a pulverous material, of the sulfur oxides present in the flue gases, characterized in that the fuel and a stoichiometric or higher than stoichiometric amount of oxygen-containing gas are fed into a combustion reactor so as to provide an air coefficent which is about 1-2 and to burn the fuel, the temperature of the combustion reactor being 900°-1500° C., and so that the resulting combustion gases contain an oxygen content and are directed into a suspension reactor the temperature of which is 750°-1050° C. and into which a pulverous material which binds sulfur oxides is fed to provide a combustion gases-pulverous material suspension having a density of 1-200 kg/m 3 , the oxygen concentration in the combustion reactor and the suspension reactor being adjusted so that the total air coefficient in said combustion reactor and in said suspension reactor is about 1-2, the gases then being directed into an after-treatment reactor, into which an oxygen-containing gas is fed for adjusting the oxygen content in the resulting flue gases so that the residual oxygen content in the flue gases emerging from the after-treatment reactor is 0.5-16% by volume.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 21 words

A method according to claim 1, including feeding a reductant into the suspension reactor in order to reduce the nitrogen oxides.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 12 words

A method as in claim 2 wherein the reductant is gaseous ammonia.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 24 words

A method as in claim 2 wherein the alkaline material is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium-magnesium carbonate and corresponding oxides.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 16 words

A method according to claim 1, including feeding into the suspension reactor a pulverous reduction catalyst.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 20 words

A method as in claim 3 wherein the reduction catalyst is a material which contains compounds of iron or copper.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 20 words

A method as in claim 6 wherein the compounds are selected from the group consisting of oxides, silicates and hydroxides.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 19 words

A method according to claim 1, wherein the pulverous material used for the binding of sulfur oxides is alkaline.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 12 words

A method as in claim 4 wherein the pulverous material is alkaline.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 19 words

A method according to claim 1 wherein the pulverous material is calcium carbonate, calcium-magnesium carbonate, or a corresponding oxide.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 34 words

A method according to claim 1 wherein solid particles are separated from the gases in the after-treatment reactor and at least a portion of the particles thus obtained are returned to the suspension reactor.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 37 words

A method according to claim 1 wherein the combustion gases entering the suspension reactor contain coke particles and combustible gases, and wherein the coke particles and the combustion gases are used for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 26 words

A method as in claim 1 wherein the residual oxygen content in the flue gases emerging from the after-treatment reactor is adjusted to 1-6% by volume.

Claim 15

Independent Claim 229 words

A method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides during burning of a fossil fuel which contains nitrogen and sulfur, the method comprising: burning the fuel in a combustion reactor with a stoichiometric or higher than stoichiometric amount of oxygen-containing gas at air coefficient of about 1 to 2 and at a temperature of 900° C. to 1500° C. thereby forming combustion gases which contain oxygen; directing the combustion gases from the combustion reactor into a suspension reactor and feeding into the suspension reactor an oxygen-containing gas and a pulverous alkaline binder thereby forming a suspension thereof in which the binder reacts with sulfur oxides in the combustion gases to form a suspended pulverous solid reaction product containing sulfur, the temperature in the suspension reactor being 750° C. to 1050° C. and the suspension having a density of 1-200 kg/cubic meter; adjusting the oxygen concentration in the combustion reactor and in the suspension reactor so that the total air coefficient thereof is about 1 to 2; directing the suspension and the gases and an oxygen-containing gas into an after-treatment reactor wherein any organic compounds and carbon monoxide formed during burning of the fuel are oxidized to completion; adjusting the oxygen content of the gases in the after-treatment reactor to 0.5-16%; separating the solids from of gases in the after-treatment reactor; and discharging the gases as flue gases.

Claim 16

Independent Claim 229 words

A method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides during burning of a fossil fuel which contains nitrogen and sulfur, the method comprising: burning the fuel in a combustion reactor with a stoichiometric or higher than stoichiometric amount of oxygen-containing gas at air coefficient of about 1 to 2 and at a temperature of 900° C. to 1500° C. thereby forming combustion gases which contain oxygen; directing the combustion gases from the combustion reactor into a suspension reactor and feeding into the suspension reactor an oxygen-containing gas and a pulverous alkaline binder thereby forming a suspension thereof in which the binder reacts with sulfur oxides in the combustion gases to form a suspended pulverous solid reaction product containing sulfur, the temperature in the suspension reactor being 750° C. to 1050° C. and the suspension having a density of 1-200 kg/cubic meter; adjusting the oxygen concentration in the combustion reactor and in the suspension reactor so that the total air coefficient thereof is about 1 to 2; directing the suspension and the gases and an oxygen-containing gas into an after-treatment reactor wherein any organic compounds and carbon monoxide formed during burning of the fuel are oxidized to completion; adjusting the oxygen content of the gases in the after-treatment reactor to 0.5-16%; separating the solids from of gases in the after-treatment reactor; and discharging the gases as flue gases.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1992-04-24	1992-10-24	1993-04-25	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1996-04-24	1996-10-24	1997-04-25	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2000-04-24	2000-10-24	2001-04-25	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method for decreasing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides when burning fuels which contain nitrogen and sulfur

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